11 our $VERSION = '1.008026'; # 1.8.26
12 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
15 my ($class, @args) = @_;
21 my $arg = shift @args;
22 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
23 # the fancy dash is U+2212 or \xE2\x88\x92
24 if ($arg =~ /\xE2\x88\x92/ or $arg =~ /−/) {
26 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
27 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
28 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
29 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
30 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
31 dashes with normal minus signs.
34 elsif ($arg eq '--self-contained') {
35 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
37 elsif( $arg =~ /^--deactivate(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
38 my $path = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
39 push @steps, ['deactivate', $path];
41 elsif ( $arg eq '--deactivate-all' ) {
42 push @steps, ['deactivate_all'];
44 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--shelltype(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
45 my $shell = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
46 $opts{shelltype} = $shell;
48 elsif ( $arg eq '--no-create' ) {
51 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--/ ) {
52 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
55 push @steps, ['activate', $arg];
59 push @steps, ['activate', undef];
62 my $self = $class->new(%opts);
65 my ($method, @args) = @$_;
66 $self = $self->$method(@args);
70 $self->print_environment_vars_for;
74 $self->setup_local_lib_for;
85 bless {%$self, @_}, ref $self;
88 sub inc { $_[0]->{inc} ||= \@INC }
89 sub libs { $_[0]->{libs} ||= [ \'PERL5LIB' ] }
90 sub bins { $_[0]->{bins} ||= [ \'PATH' ] }
91 sub roots { $_[0]->{roots} ||= [ \'PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT' ] }
92 sub extra { $_[0]->{extra} ||= {} }
93 sub shelltype { $_[0]->{shelltype} ||= $_[0]->guess_shelltype }
94 sub no_create { $_[0]->{no_create} }
96 my $_archname = $Config{archname};
97 my $_version = $Config{version};
98 my @_inc_version_list = reverse split / /, $Config{inc_version_list};
99 my $_path_sep = $Config{path_sep};
104 !(ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? $_ : (
105 defined $ENV{$$_} ? split(/\Q$_path_sep/, $ENV{$$_})
108 } ref $list ? @$list : $list;
111 my ($list, @remove) = @_;
112 my %remove = map { $_ => 1 } @remove;
113 grep !$remove{$_}, _as_list($list);
117 [$_version, $_archname],
120 (@_inc_version_list ? \@_inc_version_list : ()),
124 sub install_base_bin_path {
125 my ($class, $path) = @_;
126 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
128 sub install_base_perl_path {
129 my ($class, $path) = @_;
130 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
132 sub install_base_arch_path {
133 my ($class, $path) = @_;
134 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $_archname);
138 my ($class, $path) = @_;
139 my $base = $class->install_base_perl_path($path);
140 return map { File::Spec->catdir($base, @$_) } @_lib_subdirs;
143 sub _mm_escape_path {
145 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\\\\\/g;
146 if ($path =~ s/ /\\ /g) {
147 $path = qq{"\\"$path\\""};
152 sub _mb_escape_path {
154 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
158 sub installer_options_for {
159 my ($class, $path) = @_;
161 PERL_MM_OPT => defined $path ? "INSTALL_BASE="._mm_escape_path($path) : undef,
162 PERL_MB_OPT => defined $path ? "--install_base "._mb_escape_path($path) : undef,
168 $self = ref $self ? $self : $self->new;
171 # screen out entries that aren't actually reflected in @INC
172 my $active_ll = $self->install_base_perl_path($_);
173 grep { $_ eq $active_ll } @{$self->inc};
174 } _as_list($self->roots);
179 my ($self, $path) = @_;
180 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
181 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
183 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
185 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
186 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
191 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins, $self->install_base_bin_path($path)) ],
192 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs, $self->install_base_perl_path($path)) ],
193 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc, $self->lib_paths_for($path)) ],
194 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, $path) ],
197 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($args{roots}[0]);
204 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
206 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
209 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins,
210 map $self->install_base_bin_path($_), @active_lls) ],
211 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs,
212 map $self->install_base_perl_path($_), @active_lls) ],
213 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc,
214 map $self->lib_paths_for($_), @active_lls) ],
215 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, @active_lls) ],
218 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for(undef);
224 my ($self, $path) = @_;
225 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
226 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
227 $self->ensure_dir_structure_for($path)
228 unless $self->no_create;
230 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
232 if (grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
233 $self = $self->deactivate($path);
237 bins => [ $self->install_base_bin_path($path), @{$self->bins} ],
238 libs => [ $self->install_base_perl_path($path), @{$self->libs} ],
239 inc => [ $self->lib_paths_for($path), @{$self->inc} ],
240 roots => [ $path, @{$self->roots} ],
243 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($path);
249 my ($self, $path) = @_;
250 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
252 $self = $self->activate($path);
257 sub build_environment_vars_for {
258 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
260 PATH => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->bins)),
261 PERL5LIB => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->libs)),
262 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->roots)),
267 sub setup_local_lib_for {
268 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
269 $self->setup_env_hash_for;
270 @INC = @{$self->inc};
273 sub setup_env_hash_for {
275 my %env = $self->build_environment_vars_for(@_);
276 for my $key (keys %env) {
277 if (defined $env{$key}) {
278 $ENV{$key} = $env{$key};
286 sub print_environment_vars_for {
288 print $self->environment_vars_string_for(@_);
291 sub environment_vars_string_for {
292 my $self = _legacy(@_);
294 my $build_method = 'build_' . $self->shelltype . '_env_declaration';
298 PERL5LIB => $self->libs,
299 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => $self->roots,
304 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
309 && ref $value->[0] eq 'SCALAR'
310 && ${$value->[0]} eq $name) {
314 && $value eq $ENV{$name}) {
317 $out .= $self->$build_method($name, $value);
322 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
323 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
324 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args);
327 return defined($value) ? qq{export ${name}="${value}"\n} : qq{unset ${name}\n};
329 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
330 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
331 my ($value, @vars) = $class->_interpolate($args);
332 @vars = grep { $_ ne $name || defined $value } @vars;
333 $value =~ s/"/"\\""/g
336 (map qq{if ! \$?$_ setenv $_ "";\n}, @vars),
338 ? qq{setenv $name "$value";\n}
339 : qq{unsetenv $name;\n});
341 sub build_cmd_env_declaration {
342 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
343 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '%', '%');
346 return qq{set $name=} . (defined($value) ? qq{"$value"} : '') . "\n";
348 sub build_powershell_env_declaration {
349 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
350 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '$env:');
351 if (defined $value) {
353 return qq{\$env:$name = "$value"\n};
355 return "Remove-Item Env:\\$name\n";
360 my ($class, $args, $start, $end) = @_;
362 unless defined $args;
367 $start = '$' unless defined $start;
368 $end = '' unless defined $end;
370 my $string = join($Config{path_sep}, map {
371 (ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? do { push @vars, $$_; $start.$$_.$end }
374 return wantarray ? ($string, @vars) : $string;
381 my $last = pop(@methods);
384 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
385 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
402 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
403 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
404 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
411 my ($class, $path) = @_;
413 $path = $class->${pipeline qw(
414 resolve_relative_path
419 $path = Win32::GetShortPathName($path)
425 sub resolve_empty_path {
426 my ($class, $path) = @_;
436 #:: test classmethod setup
438 my $c = 'local::lib';
446 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
447 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
453 sub resolve_home_path {
454 my ($class, $path) = @_;
455 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
456 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
458 if (!defined $user && defined $ENV{HOME}) {
463 File::Glob::bsd_glob("~$user", File::Glob::GLOB_TILDE());
466 unless (defined $homedir) {
469 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
470 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
473 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
477 sub resolve_relative_path {
478 my ($class, $path) = @_;
479 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
486 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
487 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
493 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
494 my ($class, $path) = @_;
496 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
498 require File::Basename;
502 $path = File::Basename::dirname($path);
504 mkdir $_ for reverse @dirs;
512 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
514 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
516 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
522 sub guess_shelltype {
524 = defined $ENV{SHELL}
525 ? (File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{SHELL}))[-1]
526 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && exists $ENV{'!EXITCODE'} )
528 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && $ENV{PROMPT} && $ENV{COMSPEC} )
529 ? (File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{COMSPEC}))[-1]
530 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && !$ENV{PROMPT} )
537 : /command\.com/ ? 'cmd'
540 : /powershell\.exe/ ? 'powershell'
552 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
558 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
560 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
564 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
568 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
569 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
571 # Just print out useful shell commands
573 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
574 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
575 export PERL5LIB="/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5"
576 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
578 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
580 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
581 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
582 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
583 local::lib in your home directory.
585 Even if you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
586 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
587 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
588 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
590 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
592 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
594 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
595 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
596 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
601 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
603 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
604 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
606 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
607 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
609 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
611 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
613 make test && make install
615 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
616 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
617 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
620 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
622 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
627 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
629 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to
630 give that as import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this
633 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
635 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
636 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
637 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
639 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
640 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
641 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
643 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
645 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
646 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
647 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
648 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
652 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
653 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
654 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
658 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
659 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
660 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
662 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
664 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
665 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
666 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
667 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
668 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
669 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
670 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
672 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
673 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
674 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
675 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
676 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
677 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
678 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
681 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
685 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
686 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
688 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
690 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
692 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
693 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
695 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
696 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
697 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
698 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5
699 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
701 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
702 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\tmp.bat
703 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
705 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
706 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
708 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
709 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
710 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
711 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
712 and the subdirectories are created.
716 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
717 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
718 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
719 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
720 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
721 around to packaging up the version you need.
723 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
724 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
725 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
726 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
727 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
728 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
729 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
731 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
732 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
733 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
738 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
739 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
740 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
741 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
742 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
745 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
746 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
747 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
748 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
749 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
751 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
766 When possible, these will be appended to instead of overwritten entirely.
768 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
770 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
772 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
773 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
774 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
778 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
779 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
780 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
784 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
785 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
787 =head2 --deactivate-all
789 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
794 Specify the shell type to use for output. By default, the shell will be
795 detected based on the environment. Should be one of: C<bourne>, C<csh>,
796 C<cmd>, or C<powershell>.
800 Prevents C<local::lib> from creating directories when activating dirs. This is
801 likely to cause issues on Win32 systems.
805 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
809 =item Arguments: $path
811 =item Return value: None
815 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
816 an exception on failure.
818 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
822 =item Arguments: $path
824 =item Return value: None
828 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
829 given path as the base directory.
831 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
835 =item Arguments: $path
837 =item Return value: %environment_vars
841 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
842 given path as the base directory.
844 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
848 =item Arguments: $path
850 =item Return value: None
854 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
855 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
861 =item Arguments: None
863 =item Return value: @paths
867 Returns a list of active C<local::lib> paths, according to the
868 C<PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT> environment variable and verified against
869 what is really in C<@INC>.
871 =head2 install_base_perl_path
875 =item Arguments: $path
877 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
881 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
882 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
885 =head2 install_base_bin_path
889 =item Arguments: $path
891 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
895 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
896 local library installation. Appends the directory C<bin> to the given path.
898 =head2 resolve_empty_path
902 =item Arguments: $path
904 =item Return value: $base_path
908 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
909 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
911 =head2 resolve_home_path
915 =item Arguments: $path
917 =item Return value: $home_path
921 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
922 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
924 =head2 resolve_relative_path
928 =item Arguments: $path
930 =item Return value: $absolute_path
934 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
940 =item Arguments: $path
942 =item Return value: $absolute_path
946 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
947 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
948 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
949 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
950 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
951 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
952 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
955 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
957 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
958 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
959 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
960 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
961 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
962 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
963 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
969 =item * Directory names with spaces in them are not well supported by the perl
970 toolchain and the programs it uses. Pure-perl distributions should support
971 spaces, but problems are more likely with dists that require compilation. A
972 workaround you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces
973 B<after> you installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be
974 aware that you can't update or install CPAN modules after the move.
976 =item * Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
977 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
978 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
979 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
981 =item * Kills any existing PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
983 =item * Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
987 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
991 =item * On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment
992 variables to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
996 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
998 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
999 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
1000 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
1001 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
1002 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
1003 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
1004 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
1006 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
1008 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
1010 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
1020 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
1021 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
1023 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
1031 =item * L<Perl Advent article, 2011|http://perladvent.org/2011/2011-12-01.html>
1039 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
1043 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
1045 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
1049 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
1050 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
1052 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
1053 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by
1054 Torsten Raudssus <torsten@raudssus.de>.
1056 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
1057 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
1058 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
1059 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
1060 properly. Many, many thanks!
1062 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
1063 section. Many thanks!
1065 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
1067 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
1068 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
1070 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
1071 '--self-contained' option.
1073 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
1074 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
1076 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc
1077 patches contributed by Breno G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
1079 Improvements to stacking multiple local::lib dirs and removing them from the
1080 environment later on contributed by Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>.
1082 Patch for Carp version mismatch contributed by Hakim Cassimally
1083 <osfameron@cpan.org>.
1087 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
1092 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1093 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.