6 use 5.008001; # probably works with earlier versions but I'm not supporting them
7 # (patches would, of course, be welcome)
14 our $VERSION = '1.006001'; # 1.6.1
16 our @KNOWN_FLAGS = qw(--self-contained);
19 my ($class, @args) = @_;
21 # Remember what PERL5LIB was when we started
22 my $perl5lib = $ENV{PERL5LIB} || '';
26 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
29 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
30 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
31 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
32 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
33 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
34 dashes with normal minus signs.
37 elsif(grep { $arg eq $_ } @KNOWN_FLAGS) {
38 (my $flag = $arg) =~ s/--//;
39 $arg_store{$flag} = 1;
41 elsif($arg =~ /^--/) {
42 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
45 # assume that what's left is a path
46 $arg_store{path} = $arg;
50 if($arg_store{'self-contained'}) {
51 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
54 $arg_store{path} = $class->resolve_path($arg_store{path});
55 $class->setup_local_lib_for($arg_store{path});
57 for (@INC) { # Untaint @INC
58 next if ref; # Skip entry if it is an ARRAY, CODE, blessed, etc.
67 my $last = pop(@methods);
70 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
71 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
88 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
89 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
90 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
98 grep { ! $seen{$_}++ } @_;
102 my ($class, $path) = @_;
103 $class->${pipeline qw(
104 resolve_relative_path
110 sub resolve_empty_path {
111 my ($class, $path) = @_;
121 #:: test classmethod setup
123 my $c = 'local::lib';
131 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
132 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
138 sub resolve_home_path {
139 my ($class, $path) = @_;
140 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
141 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
142 my $tried_file_homedir;
144 if (eval { require File::HomeDir } && $File::HomeDir::VERSION >= 0.65) {
145 $tried_file_homedir = 1;
147 File::HomeDir->users_home($user);
149 File::HomeDir->my_home;
155 if (defined $ENV{HOME}) {
163 unless (defined $homedir) {
165 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
166 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
167 .($tried_file_homedir ? '' : ' - consider installing File::HomeDir')
170 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
174 sub resolve_relative_path {
175 my ($class, $path) = @_;
176 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
183 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
184 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
190 sub setup_local_lib_for {
191 my ($class, $path) = @_;
192 $path = $class->ensure_dir_structure_for($path);
194 $class->print_environment_vars_for($path);
197 $class->setup_env_hash_for($path);
198 @INC = _uniq(split($Config{path_sep}, $ENV{PERL5LIB}), @INC);
202 sub modulebuildrc_path {
203 my ($class, $path) = @_;
204 File::Spec->catfile($path, '.modulebuildrc');
207 sub install_base_bin_path {
208 my ($class, $path) = @_;
209 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
212 sub install_base_perl_path {
213 my ($class, $path) = @_;
214 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
217 sub install_base_arch_path {
218 my ($class, $path) = @_;
219 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $Config{archname});
222 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
223 my ($class, $path) = @_;
225 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
227 File::Path::mkpath($path);
228 # Need to have the path exist to make a short name for it, so
229 # converting to a short name here.
230 $path = Win32::GetShortPathName($path) if $^O eq 'MSWin32';
231 my $modulebuildrc_path = $class->modulebuildrc_path($path);
232 if (-e $modulebuildrc_path) {
234 Carp::croak("${modulebuildrc_path} exists but is not a plain file");
237 warn "Attempting to create file ${modulebuildrc_path}\n";
238 open MODULEBUILDRC, '>', $modulebuildrc_path
239 || Carp::croak("Couldn't open ${modulebuildrc_path} for writing: $!");
240 print MODULEBUILDRC qq{install --install_base ${path}\n}
241 || Carp::croak("Couldn't write line to ${modulebuildrc_path}: $!");
243 || Carp::croak("Couldn't close file ${modulebuildrc_path}: $@");
249 sub INTERPOLATE_ENV () { 1 }
250 sub LITERAL_ENV () { 0 }
252 sub print_environment_vars_for {
253 my ($class, $path) = @_;
254 my @envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, LITERAL_ENV);
257 # rather basic csh detection, goes on the assumption that something won't
258 # call itself csh unless it really is. also, default to bourne in the
259 # pathological situation where a user doesn't have $ENV{SHELL} defined.
260 # note also that shells with funny names, like zoid, are assumed to be
263 if(defined $ENV{'SHELL'}) {
264 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'SHELL'});
265 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
268 local $_ = $shellbin;
276 # Both Win32 and Cygwin have $ENV{COMSPEC} set.
277 if (defined $ENV{'COMSPEC'} && $^O ne 'cygwin') {
278 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'COMSPEC'});
279 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
281 local $_ = $shellbin;
284 } elsif(/cmd\.exe/) {
286 } elsif(/4nt\.exe/) {
295 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
296 $value =~ s/(\\")/\\$1/g;
297 $out .= $class->${\"build_${shelltype}_env_declaration"}($name, $value);
302 # simple routines that take two arguments: an %ENV key and a value. return
303 # strings that are suitable for passing directly to the relevant shell to set
304 # said key to said value.
305 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
307 my($name, $value) = @_;
308 return qq{export ${name}="${value}"\n};
311 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
313 my($name, $value) = @_;
314 return qq{setenv ${name} "${value}"\n};
317 sub build_win32_env_declaration {
319 my($name, $value) = @_;
320 return qq{set ${name}=${value}\n};
323 sub setup_env_hash_for {
324 my ($class, $path) = @_;
325 my %envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, INTERPOLATE_ENV);
326 @ENV{keys %envs} = values %envs;
329 sub build_environment_vars_for {
330 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
332 MODULEBUILDRC => $class->modulebuildrc_path($path),
333 PERL_MM_OPT => "INSTALL_BASE=${path}",
334 PERL5LIB => join($Config{path_sep},
335 $class->install_base_arch_path($path),
336 $class->install_base_perl_path($path),
337 (($ENV{PERL5LIB}||()) ?
338 ($interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV
340 : (($^O ne 'MSWin32') ? '$PERL5LIB' : '%PERL5LIB%' ))
343 PATH => join($Config{path_sep},
344 $class->install_base_bin_path($path),
345 ($interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV
347 : (($^O ne 'MSWin32') ? '$PATH' : '%PATH%' ))
356 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
358 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
360 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
362 ok(-f 't/var/splat/.modulebuildrc');
368 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
374 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
376 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
380 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
384 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
385 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
387 # Just print out useful shell commands
389 export MODULEBUILDRC=/home/username/perl/.modulebuildrc
390 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl'
391 export PERL5LIB='/home/username/perl/lib/perl5:/home/username/perl/lib/perl5/i386-linux'
392 export PATH="/home/username/perl/bin:$PATH"
394 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
396 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
397 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
398 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
399 local::lib in your home directory. If you do have administrative priveleges,
400 you will still want to set up your environment variables, as discussed in
401 step 4 (and for Windows users, see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>).
403 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
404 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
405 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
410 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
412 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
413 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
417 make test && make install
419 4. Arrange for Perl to use your own packages instead of the system
420 packages. If you are using bash, you can do this as follows:
422 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
424 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
429 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
431 You can also pass --bootstrap=~/foo to get a different location -
433 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
434 make test && make install
436 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
438 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
439 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use C<.
440 ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>. Replace .bashrc or
441 .cshrc with the name of the file you wrote above with the echo command.
443 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
444 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
445 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
447 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
449 If you want to install multiple Perl module environments, say for application development,
450 install local::lib globally and then:
454 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
455 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
456 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
460 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
461 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
462 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
463 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
464 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
467 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
471 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
472 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
474 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
476 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
478 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
479 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
481 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
482 set MODULEBUILDRC=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\.modulebuildrc
483 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
484 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5;C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5\MSWin32-x86-multi-thread
485 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
487 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
488 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\temp.bat
489 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
491 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
492 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
494 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
495 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
496 (Windows Vista or later) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
497 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
498 and the subdirectories are created.
502 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
503 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
504 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
505 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
506 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
507 around to packaging up the version you need.
509 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
510 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
511 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
512 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
513 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
514 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
515 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
517 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
518 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
519 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
524 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
525 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
526 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
527 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
528 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
531 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
532 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
533 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
534 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
535 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
537 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
550 PATH is appended to, rather than clobbered.
554 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
556 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
558 See L<lib::core::only|lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
559 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
560 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
564 =head2 ensure_directory_structure_for
568 =item Arguments: path
572 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
573 an exception on failure.
575 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
579 =item Arguments: path
583 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
584 given path as the base directory.
586 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
590 =item Arguments: path
594 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
595 C<build_environment_vars_for>.
597 =head2 install_base_perl_path
601 =item Arguments: path
605 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
606 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
609 =head2 install_base_arch_path
613 =item Arguments: path
617 Returns a path describing where to install the architecture-specific Perl
618 modules for this local library installation. Based on the
619 L</install_base_perl_path> method's return value, and appends the value of
620 C<$Config{archname}>.
622 =head2 install_base_bin_path
626 =item Arguments: path
630 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
631 local library installation. Based on the L</install_base_perl_path> method's
632 return value, and appends the directory C<bin>.
634 =head2 modulebuildrc_path
638 =item Arguments: path
642 Returns a path describing where to install the C<.modulebuildrc> file, based on
645 =head2 resolve_empty_path
649 =item Arguments: path
653 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
654 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
656 =head2 resolve_home_path
660 =item Arguments: path
664 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
665 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
667 =head2 resolve_relative_path
671 =item Arguments: path
675 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
681 =item Arguments: path
685 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
686 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
687 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
688 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
689 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
690 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
691 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
694 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
696 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
697 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
698 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
699 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
700 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
701 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
702 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
706 Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
707 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
708 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
709 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
711 Bootstrap is a hack and will use CPAN.pm for ExtUtils::MakeMaker even if you
712 have CPANPLUS installed.
714 Kills any existing PERL5LIB, PERL_MM_OPT or MODULEBUILDRC.
716 Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
718 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
720 On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment variables
721 to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
723 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
725 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
726 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
727 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
728 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
729 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
730 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
731 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
733 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
735 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
737 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
747 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
748 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
750 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
756 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
758 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
762 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
763 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
765 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory contributed by Torsten Raudssus
766 <torsten@raudssus.de>.
768 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
769 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
770 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
771 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
772 properly. Many, many thanks!
774 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
775 section. Many thanks!
777 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
779 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
780 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
782 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
783 '--self-contained' option.
785 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
786 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
790 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2009 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
795 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms