11 our $VERSION = '1.008026'; # 1.8.26
12 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
15 my ($class, @args) = @_;
21 my $arg = shift @args;
22 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
23 # the fancy dash is U+2212 or \xE2\x88\x92
24 if ($arg =~ /\xE2\x88\x92/ or $arg =~ /−/) {
26 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
27 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
28 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
29 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
30 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
31 dashes with normal minus signs.
34 elsif ($arg eq '--self-contained') {
35 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
37 elsif( $arg =~ /^--deactivate(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
38 my $path = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
39 push @steps, ['deactivate', $path];
41 elsif ( $arg eq '--deactivate-all' ) {
42 push @steps, ['deactivate_all'];
44 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--shelltype(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
45 my $shell = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
46 $opts{shelltype} = $shell;
48 elsif ( $arg eq '--no-create' ) {
51 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--/ ) {
52 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
55 push @steps, ['activate', $arg];
59 push @steps, ['activate', undef];
62 my $self = $class->new(%opts);
65 my ($method, @args) = @$_;
66 $self = $self->$method(@args);
70 $self->print_environment_vars_for;
74 $self->setup_local_lib_for;
85 bless {%$self, @_}, ref $self;
88 sub inc { $_[0]->{inc} ||= \@INC }
89 sub libs { $_[0]->{libs} ||= [ \'PERL5LIB' ] }
90 sub bins { $_[0]->{bins} ||= [ \'PATH' ] }
91 sub roots { $_[0]->{roots} ||= [ \'PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT' ] }
92 sub extra { $_[0]->{extra} ||= {} }
93 sub shelltype { $_[0]->{shelltype} ||= $_[0]->guess_shelltype }
94 sub no_create { $_[0]->{no_create} }
96 my $_archname = $Config{archname};
97 my $_version = $Config{version};
98 my @_inc_version_list = reverse split / /, $Config{inc_version_list};
99 my $_path_sep = $Config{path_sep};
104 !(ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? $_ : (
105 defined $ENV{$$_} ? split(/\Q$_path_sep/, $ENV{$$_})
108 } ref $list ? @$list : $list;
111 my ($list, @remove) = @_;
112 my %remove = map { $_ => 1 } @remove;
113 grep !$remove{$_}, _as_list($list);
117 [$_version, $_archname],
120 (@_inc_version_list ? \@_inc_version_list : ()),
124 sub install_base_bin_path {
125 my ($class, $path) = @_;
126 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
128 sub install_base_perl_path {
129 my ($class, $path) = @_;
130 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
132 sub install_base_arch_path {
133 my ($class, $path) = @_;
134 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $_archname);
138 my ($class, $path) = @_;
139 my $base = $class->install_base_perl_path($path);
140 return map { File::Spec->catdir($base, @$_) } @_lib_subdirs;
143 sub _mm_escape_path {
145 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\\\\\/g;
146 if ($path =~ s/ /\\ /g) {
147 $path = qq{"\\"$path\\""};
152 sub _mb_escape_path {
154 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
158 sub installer_options_for {
159 my ($class, $path) = @_;
161 PERL_MM_OPT => defined $path ? "INSTALL_BASE="._mm_escape_path($path) : undef,
162 PERL_MB_OPT => defined $path ? "--install_base "._mb_escape_path($path) : undef,
168 $self = ref $self ? $self : $self->new;
171 # screen out entries that aren't actually reflected in @INC
172 my $active_ll = $self->install_base_perl_path($_);
173 grep { $_ eq $active_ll } @{$self->inc};
174 } _as_list($self->roots);
179 my ($self, $path) = @_;
180 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
181 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
183 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
185 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
186 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
191 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins, $self->install_base_bin_path($path)) ],
192 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs, $self->install_base_perl_path($path)) ],
193 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc, $self->lib_paths_for($path)) ],
194 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, $path) ],
197 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($args{roots}[0]);
204 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
206 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
209 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins,
210 map $self->install_base_bin_path($_), @active_lls) ],
211 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs,
212 map $self->install_base_perl_path($_), @active_lls) ],
213 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc,
214 map $self->lib_paths_for($_), @active_lls) ],
215 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, @active_lls) ],
218 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for(undef);
224 my ($self, $path) = @_;
225 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
226 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
227 $self->ensure_dir_structure_for($path)
228 unless $self->no_create;
230 $path = ( Win32::GetShortPathName($path) || $path )
233 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
235 if (grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
236 $self = $self->deactivate($path);
240 bins => [ $self->install_base_bin_path($path), @{$self->bins} ],
241 libs => [ $self->install_base_perl_path($path), @{$self->libs} ],
242 inc => [ $self->lib_paths_for($path), @{$self->inc} ],
243 roots => [ $path, @{$self->roots} ],
246 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($path);
252 my ($self, $path) = @_;
253 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
255 $self = $self->activate($path);
260 sub build_environment_vars_for {
261 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
263 PATH => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->bins)),
264 PERL5LIB => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->libs)),
265 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->roots)),
270 sub setup_local_lib_for {
271 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
272 $self->setup_env_hash_for;
273 @INC = @{$self->inc};
276 sub setup_env_hash_for {
278 my %env = $self->build_environment_vars_for(@_);
279 for my $key (keys %env) {
280 if (defined $env{$key}) {
281 $ENV{$key} = $env{$key};
289 sub print_environment_vars_for {
291 print $self->environment_vars_string_for(@_);
294 sub environment_vars_string_for {
295 my $self = _legacy(@_);
297 my $build_method = 'build_' . $self->shelltype . '_env_declaration';
301 PERL5LIB => $self->libs,
302 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => $self->roots,
307 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
312 && ref $value->[0] eq 'SCALAR'
313 && ${$value->[0]} eq $name) {
317 && defined $value ? $value eq $ENV{$name} : !defined $ENV{$name}
321 $out .= $self->$build_method($name, $value);
326 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
327 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
328 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args);
330 ? qq{export ${name}="${value}";\n}
331 : qq{unset ${name};\n};
333 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
334 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
335 my ($value, @vars) = $class->_interpolate($args, undef, undef, '"', qq{"\\"});
336 (join '', map qq{if ! \$?$_ setenv $_ "";\n}, @vars)
338 ? qq{setenv $name "$value";\n}
339 : qq{unsetenv $name;\n};
341 sub build_cmd_env_declaration {
342 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
343 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '%', '%', qr([()!^"<>&|]), '^');
345 ? qq{set $name=$value\n}
348 sub build_powershell_env_declaration {
349 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
350 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '$env:', '', '"', '`');
352 ? qq{\$env:$name = "$value"\n}
353 : "Remove-Item Env:\\$name\n";
358 my ($class, $args, $start, $end, $escape, $escape_char) = @_;
360 unless defined $args;
365 $start = '$' unless defined $start;
366 $end = '' unless defined $end;
367 $escape = '"' unless defined $escape;
368 $escape_char = "\\" unless defined $escape_char;
370 my $string = join($Config{path_sep}, map {
371 if (ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') {
377 $str =~ s/($escape)/$escape_char$1/g;
381 return wantarray ? ($string, @vars) : $string;
388 my $last = pop(@methods);
391 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
392 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
409 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
410 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
411 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
418 my ($class, $path) = @_;
420 $path = $class->${pipeline qw(
421 resolve_relative_path
429 sub resolve_empty_path {
430 my ($class, $path) = @_;
440 #:: test classmethod setup
442 my $c = 'local::lib';
450 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
451 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
457 sub resolve_home_path {
458 my ($class, $path) = @_;
459 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
460 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
462 if (!defined $user && defined $ENV{HOME}) {
467 File::Glob::bsd_glob("~$user", File::Glob::GLOB_TILDE());
470 unless (defined $homedir) {
473 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
474 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
477 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
481 sub resolve_relative_path {
482 my ($class, $path) = @_;
483 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
490 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
491 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
497 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
498 my ($class, $path) = @_;
500 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
502 require File::Basename;
506 $path = File::Basename::dirname($path);
508 mkdir $_ for reverse @dirs;
516 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
518 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
520 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
526 sub guess_shelltype {
528 = defined $ENV{SHELL}
529 ? (File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{SHELL}))[-1]
530 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && exists $ENV{'!EXITCODE'} )
532 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && $ENV{PROMPT} && $ENV{COMSPEC} )
533 ? (File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{COMSPEC}))[-1]
534 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && !$ENV{PROMPT} )
541 : /command\.com/ ? 'cmd'
544 : /powershell\.exe/ ? 'powershell'
556 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
562 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
564 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
568 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
572 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
573 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
575 # Just print out useful shell commands
577 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
578 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
579 export PERL5LIB="/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5"
580 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
582 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
584 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
585 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
586 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
587 local::lib in your home directory.
589 Even if you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
590 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
591 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
592 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
594 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
596 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
598 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
599 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
600 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
605 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
607 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
608 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
610 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
611 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
613 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
615 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
617 make test && make install
619 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
620 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
621 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
624 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
626 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
631 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
633 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to
634 give that as import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this
637 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
639 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
640 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
641 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
643 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
644 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
645 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
647 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
649 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
650 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
651 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
652 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
656 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
657 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
658 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
662 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
663 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
664 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
666 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
668 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
669 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
670 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
671 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
672 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
673 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
674 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
676 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
677 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
678 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
679 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
680 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
681 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
682 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
685 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
689 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
690 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
692 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
694 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
696 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
697 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
699 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
700 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
701 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
702 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5
703 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
705 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
706 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\tmp.bat
707 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
709 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
710 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
712 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
713 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
714 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
715 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
716 and the subdirectories are created.
720 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
721 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
722 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
723 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
724 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
725 around to packaging up the version you need.
727 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
728 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
729 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
730 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
731 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
732 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
733 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
735 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
736 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
737 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
742 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
743 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
744 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
745 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
746 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
749 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
750 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
751 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
752 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
753 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
755 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
770 When possible, these will be appended to instead of overwritten entirely.
772 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
774 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
776 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
777 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
778 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
782 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
783 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
784 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
788 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
789 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
791 =head2 --deactivate-all
793 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
798 Specify the shell type to use for output. By default, the shell will be
799 detected based on the environment. Should be one of: C<bourne>, C<csh>,
800 C<cmd>, or C<powershell>.
804 Prevents C<local::lib> from creating directories when activating dirs. This is
805 likely to cause issues on Win32 systems.
809 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
813 =item Arguments: $path
815 =item Return value: None
819 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
820 an exception on failure.
822 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
826 =item Arguments: $path
828 =item Return value: None
832 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
833 given path as the base directory.
835 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
839 =item Arguments: $path
841 =item Return value: %environment_vars
845 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
846 given path as the base directory.
848 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
852 =item Arguments: $path
854 =item Return value: None
858 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
859 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
865 =item Arguments: None
867 =item Return value: @paths
871 Returns a list of active C<local::lib> paths, according to the
872 C<PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT> environment variable and verified against
873 what is really in C<@INC>.
875 =head2 install_base_perl_path
879 =item Arguments: $path
881 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
885 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
886 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
889 =head2 install_base_bin_path
893 =item Arguments: $path
895 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
899 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
900 local library installation. Appends the directory C<bin> to the given path.
902 =head2 resolve_empty_path
906 =item Arguments: $path
908 =item Return value: $base_path
912 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
913 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
915 =head2 resolve_home_path
919 =item Arguments: $path
921 =item Return value: $home_path
925 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
926 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
928 =head2 resolve_relative_path
932 =item Arguments: $path
934 =item Return value: $absolute_path
938 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
944 =item Arguments: $path
946 =item Return value: $absolute_path
950 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
951 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
952 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
953 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
954 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
955 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
956 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
959 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
961 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
962 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
963 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
964 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
965 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
966 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
967 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
973 =item * Directory names with spaces in them are not well supported by the perl
974 toolchain and the programs it uses. Pure-perl distributions should support
975 spaces, but problems are more likely with dists that require compilation. A
976 workaround you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces
977 B<after> you installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be
978 aware that you can't update or install CPAN modules after the move.
980 =item * Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
981 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
982 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
983 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
985 =item * Kills any existing PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
987 =item * Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
991 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
995 =item * On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment
996 variables to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
1000 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
1002 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
1003 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
1004 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
1005 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
1006 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
1007 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
1008 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
1010 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
1012 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
1014 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
1024 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
1025 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
1027 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
1035 =item * L<Perl Advent article, 2011|http://perladvent.org/2011/2011-12-01.html>
1043 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
1047 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
1049 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
1053 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
1054 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
1056 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
1057 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by
1058 Torsten Raudssus <torsten@raudssus.de>.
1060 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
1061 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
1062 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
1063 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
1064 properly. Many, many thanks!
1066 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
1067 section. Many thanks!
1069 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
1071 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
1072 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
1074 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
1075 '--self-contained' option.
1077 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
1078 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
1080 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc
1081 patches contributed by Breno G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
1083 Improvements to stacking multiple local::lib dirs and removing them from the
1084 environment later on contributed by Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>.
1086 Patch for Carp version mismatch contributed by Hakim Cassimally
1087 <osfameron@cpan.org>.
1091 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
1096 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1097 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.