11 our $VERSION = '1.008026'; # 1.8.26
12 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
15 my ($class, @args) = @_;
21 my $arg = shift @args;
22 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
23 # the fancy dash is U+2212 or \xE2\x88\x92
24 if ($arg =~ /\xE2\x88\x92/ or $arg =~ /−/) {
26 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
27 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
28 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
29 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
30 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
31 dashes with normal minus signs.
34 elsif ($arg eq '--self-contained') {
35 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
37 elsif( $arg =~ /^--deactivate(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
38 my $path = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
39 push @steps, ['deactivate', $path];
41 elsif ( $arg eq '--deactivate-all' ) {
42 push @steps, ['deactivate_all'];
44 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--shelltype(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
45 my $shell = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
46 $opts{shelltype} = $shell;
48 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--/ ) {
49 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
52 push @steps, ['activate', $arg];
56 push @steps, ['activate', undef];
59 my $self = $class->new(%opts);
62 my ($method, @args) = @$_;
63 $self = $self->$method(@args);
67 $self->print_environment_vars_for;
71 $self->setup_local_lib_for;
82 bless {%$self, @_}, ref $self;
85 sub inc { $_[0]->{inc} ||= \@INC }
86 sub libs { $_[0]->{libs} ||= [ \'PERL5LIB' ] }
87 sub bins { $_[0]->{bins} ||= [ \'PATH' ] }
88 sub roots { $_[0]->{roots} ||= [ \'PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT' ] }
89 sub extra { $_[0]->{extra} ||= {} }
90 sub shelltype { $_[0]->{shelltype} ||= $_[0]->guess_shelltype }
92 my $_archname = $Config{archname};
93 my $_version = $Config{version};
94 my @_inc_version_list = reverse split / /, $Config{inc_version_list};
95 my $_path_sep = $Config{path_sep};
100 !(ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? $_ : (
101 defined $ENV{$$_} ? split(/\Q$_path_sep/, $ENV{$$_})
104 } ref $list ? @$list : $list;
107 my ($list, @remove) = @_;
108 my %remove = map { $_ => 1 } @remove;
109 grep !$remove{$_}, _as_list($list);
113 [$_version, $_archname],
116 (@_inc_version_list ? \@_inc_version_list : ()),
120 sub install_base_bin_path {
121 my ($class, $path) = @_;
122 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
124 sub install_base_perl_path {
125 my ($class, $path) = @_;
126 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
128 sub install_base_arch_path {
129 my ($class, $path) = @_;
130 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $_archname);
134 my ($class, $path) = @_;
135 my $base = $class->install_base_perl_path($path);
136 return map { File::Spec->catdir($base, @$_) } @_lib_subdirs;
139 sub _mm_escape_path {
141 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\\\\\/g;
142 if ($path =~ s/ /\\ /g) {
143 $path = qq{"\\"$path\\""};
148 sub _mb_escape_path {
150 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
154 sub installer_options_for {
155 my ($class, $path) = @_;
157 PERL_MM_OPT => defined $path ? "INSTALL_BASE="._mm_escape_path($path) : undef,
158 PERL_MB_OPT => defined $path ? "--install_base "._mb_escape_path($path) : undef,
164 $self = ref $self ? $self : $self->new;
167 # screen out entries that aren't actually reflected in @INC
168 my $active_ll = $self->install_base_perl_path($_);
169 grep { $_ eq $active_ll } @{$self->inc};
170 } _as_list($self->roots);
175 my ($self, $path) = @_;
176 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
177 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
179 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
181 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
182 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
187 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins, $self->install_base_bin_path($path)) ],
188 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs, $self->install_base_perl_path($path)) ],
189 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc, $self->lib_paths_for($path)) ],
190 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, $path) ],
193 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($args{roots}[0]);
200 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
202 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
205 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins,
206 map $self->install_base_bin_path($_), @active_lls) ],
207 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs,
208 map $self->install_base_perl_path($_), @active_lls) ],
209 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc,
210 map $self->lib_paths_for($_), @active_lls) ],
211 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, @active_lls) ],
214 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for(undef);
220 my ($self, $path) = @_;
221 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
222 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
223 $self->ensure_dir_structure_for($path);
225 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
227 if (grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
228 $self = $self->deactivate($path);
232 bins => [ $self->install_base_bin_path($path), @{$self->bins} ],
233 libs => [ $self->install_base_perl_path($path), @{$self->libs} ],
234 inc => [ $self->lib_paths_for($path), @{$self->inc} ],
235 roots => [ $path, @{$self->roots} ],
238 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($path);
244 my ($self, $path) = @_;
245 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
247 $self = $self->activate($path);
252 sub build_environment_vars_for {
253 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
255 PATH => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->bins)),
256 PERL5LIB => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->libs)),
257 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->roots)),
262 sub setup_local_lib_for {
263 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
264 $self->setup_env_hash_for;
265 @INC = @{$self->inc};
268 sub setup_env_hash_for {
270 my %env = $self->build_environment_vars_for(@_);
271 for my $key (keys %env) {
272 if (defined $env{$key}) {
273 $ENV{$key} = $env{$key};
281 sub print_environment_vars_for {
283 print $self->environment_vars_string_for(@_);
286 sub environment_vars_string_for {
287 my $self = _legacy(@_);
289 my $build_method = 'build_' . $self->shelltype . '_env_declaration';
293 PERL5LIB => $self->libs,
294 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => $self->roots,
299 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
304 && ref $value->[0] eq 'SCALAR'
305 && ${$value->[0]} eq $name) {
309 && $value eq $ENV{$name}) {
312 $out .= $self->$build_method($name, $value);
317 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
318 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
319 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args);
322 return defined($value) ? qq{export ${name}="${value}"\n} : qq{unset ${name}\n};
324 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
325 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
326 my ($value, @vars) = $class->_interpolate($args);
327 @vars = grep { $_ ne $name || defined $value } @vars;
328 $value =~ s/"/"\\""/g
331 (map qq{if ! \$?$_ setenv $_ "";\n}, @vars),
333 ? qq{setenv $name "$value";\n}
334 : qq{unsetenv $name;\n});
336 sub build_cmd_env_declaration {
337 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
338 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '%', '%');
341 return qq{set $name=} . (defined($value) ? qq{"$value"} : '') . "\n";
343 sub build_powershell_env_declaration {
344 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
345 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '$env:');
346 if (defined $value) {
348 return qq{\$env:$name = "$value"\n};
350 return "Remove-Item Env:\\$name\n";
355 my ($class, $args, $start, $end) = @_;
357 unless defined $args;
362 $start = '$' unless defined $start;
363 $end = '' unless defined $end;
365 my $string = join($Config{path_sep}, map {
366 (ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? do { push @vars, $$_; $start.$$_.$end }
369 return wantarray ? ($string, @vars) : $string;
376 my $last = pop(@methods);
379 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
380 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
397 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
398 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
399 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
406 my ($class, $path) = @_;
408 $path = $class->${pipeline qw(
409 resolve_relative_path
414 $path = Win32::GetShortPathName($path)
420 sub resolve_empty_path {
421 my ($class, $path) = @_;
431 #:: test classmethod setup
433 my $c = 'local::lib';
441 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
442 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
448 sub resolve_home_path {
449 my ($class, $path) = @_;
450 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
451 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
453 if (!defined $user && defined $ENV{HOME}) {
458 File::Glob::bsd_glob("~$user", File::Glob::GLOB_TILDE());
461 unless (defined $homedir) {
464 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
465 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
468 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
472 sub resolve_relative_path {
473 my ($class, $path) = @_;
474 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
481 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
482 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
488 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
489 my ($class, $path) = @_;
491 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
493 require File::Basename;
497 $path = File::Basename::dirname($path);
499 mkdir $_ for reverse @dirs;
507 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
509 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
511 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
517 sub guess_shelltype {
519 if(defined $ENV{'SHELL'}) {
520 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'SHELL'});
521 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
524 local $_ = $shellbin;
532 # Both Win32 and Cygwin have $ENV{COMSPEC} set.
533 if (defined $ENV{'COMSPEC'} && $^O ne 'cygwin') {
534 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'COMSPEC'});
535 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
537 local $_ = $shellbin;
540 } elsif(/cmd\.exe/) {
542 } elsif(/4nt\.exe/) {
559 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
565 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
567 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
571 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
575 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
576 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
578 # Just print out useful shell commands
580 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
581 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
582 export PERL5LIB="/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5"
583 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
585 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
587 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
588 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
589 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
590 local::lib in your home directory.
592 Even if you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
593 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
594 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
595 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
597 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
599 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
601 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
602 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
603 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
608 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
610 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
611 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
613 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
614 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
616 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
618 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
620 make test && make install
622 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
623 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
624 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
627 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
629 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
634 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
636 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to
637 give that as import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this
640 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
642 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
643 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
644 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
646 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
647 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
648 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
650 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
652 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
653 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
654 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
655 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
659 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
660 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
661 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
665 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
666 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
667 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
669 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
671 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
672 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
673 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
674 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
675 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
676 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
677 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
679 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
680 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
681 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
682 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
683 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
684 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
685 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
688 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
692 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
693 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
695 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
697 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
699 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
700 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
702 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
703 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
704 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
705 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5
706 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
708 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
709 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\tmp.bat
710 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
712 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
713 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
715 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
716 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
717 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
718 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
719 and the subdirectories are created.
723 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
724 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
725 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
726 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
727 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
728 around to packaging up the version you need.
730 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
731 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
732 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
733 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
734 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
735 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
736 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
738 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
739 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
740 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
745 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
746 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
747 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
748 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
749 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
752 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
753 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
754 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
755 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
756 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
758 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
773 When possible, these will be appended to instead of overwritten entirely.
775 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
777 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
779 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
780 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
781 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
785 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
786 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
787 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
791 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
792 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
794 =head2 --deactivate-all
796 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
801 Specify the shell type to use for output. By default, the shell will be
802 detected based on the environment. Should be one of: C<bourne>, C<csh>,
803 C<cmd>, or C<powershell>.
807 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
811 =item Arguments: $path
813 =item Return value: None
817 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
818 an exception on failure.
820 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
824 =item Arguments: $path
826 =item Return value: None
830 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
831 given path as the base directory.
833 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
837 =item Arguments: $path, $interpolate
839 =item Return value: %environment_vars
843 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
844 given path as the base directory.
846 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
850 =item Arguments: $path
852 =item Return value: None
856 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
857 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
863 =item Arguments: None
865 =item Return value: @paths
869 Returns a list of active C<local::lib> paths, according to the
870 C<PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT> environment variable and verified against
871 what is really in C<@INC>.
873 =head2 install_base_perl_path
877 =item Arguments: $path
879 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
883 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
884 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
887 =head2 install_base_bin_path
891 =item Arguments: $path
893 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
897 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
898 local library installation. Appends the directory C<bin> to the given path.
900 =head2 resolve_empty_path
904 =item Arguments: $path
906 =item Return value: $base_path
910 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
911 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
913 =head2 resolve_home_path
917 =item Arguments: $path
919 =item Return value: $home_path
923 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
924 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
926 =head2 resolve_relative_path
930 =item Arguments: $path
932 =item Return value: $absolute_path
936 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
942 =item Arguments: $path
944 =item Return value: $absolute_path
948 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
949 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
950 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
951 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
952 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
953 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
954 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
957 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
959 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
960 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
961 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
962 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
963 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
964 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
965 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
971 =item * Directory names with spaces in them are not well supported by the perl
972 toolchain and the programs it uses. Pure-perl distributions should support
973 spaces, but problems are more likely with dists that require compilation. A
974 workaround you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces
975 B<after> you installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be
976 aware that you can't update or install CPAN modules after the move.
978 =item * Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
979 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
980 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
981 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
983 =item * Kills any existing PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
985 =item * Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
989 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
993 =item * On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment
994 variables to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
998 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
1000 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
1001 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
1002 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
1003 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
1004 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
1005 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
1006 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
1008 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
1010 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
1012 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
1022 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
1023 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
1025 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
1033 =item * L<Perl Advent article, 2011|http://perladvent.org/2011/2011-12-01.html>
1041 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
1045 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
1047 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
1051 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
1052 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
1054 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
1055 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by
1056 Torsten Raudssus <torsten@raudssus.de>.
1058 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
1059 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
1060 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
1061 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
1062 properly. Many, many thanks!
1064 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
1065 section. Many thanks!
1067 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
1069 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
1070 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
1072 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
1073 '--self-contained' option.
1075 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
1076 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
1078 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc
1079 patches contributed by Breno G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
1081 Improvements to stacking multiple local::lib dirs and removing them from the
1082 environment later on contributed by Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>.
1084 Patch for Carp version mismatch contributed by Hakim Cassimally
1085 <osfameron@cpan.org>.
1089 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
1094 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1095 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.