11 our $VERSION = '1.008026'; # 1.8.26
12 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
15 my ($class, @args) = @_;
21 my $arg = shift @args;
22 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
23 # the fancy dash is U+2212 or \xE2\x88\x92
24 if ($arg =~ /\xE2\x88\x92/ or $arg =~ /−/) {
26 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
27 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
28 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
29 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
30 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
31 dashes with normal minus signs.
34 elsif ($arg eq '--self-contained') {
35 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
37 elsif( $arg =~ /^--deactivate(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
38 my $path = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
39 push @steps, ['deactivate', $path];
41 elsif ( $arg eq '--deactivate-all' ) {
42 push @steps, ['deactivate_all'];
44 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--shelltype(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
45 my $shell = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
46 $opts{shelltype} = $shell;
48 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--/ ) {
49 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
52 push @steps, ['activate', $arg];
56 push @steps, ['activate', undef];
59 my $self = $class->new(%opts);
62 my ($method, @args) = @$_;
63 $self = $self->$method(@args);
67 $self->print_environment_vars_for;
71 $self->setup_local_lib_for;
82 bless {%$self, @_}, ref $self;
85 sub inc { $_[0]->{inc} ||= \@INC }
86 sub libs { $_[0]->{libs} ||= [ \'PERL5LIB' ] }
87 sub bins { $_[0]->{bins} ||= [ \'PATH' ] }
88 sub roots { $_[0]->{roots} ||= [ \'PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT' ] }
89 sub extra { $_[0]->{extra} ||= {} }
90 sub shelltype { $_[0]->{shelltype} ||= $_[0]->guess_shelltype }
92 my $_archname = $Config{archname};
93 my $_version = $Config{version};
94 my @_inc_version_list = reverse split / /, $Config{inc_version_list};
95 my $_path_sep = $Config{path_sep};
100 !(ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? $_ : (
101 defined $ENV{$$_} ? split(/\Q$_path_sep/, $ENV{$$_})
104 } ref $list ? @$list : $list;
107 my ($list, @remove) = @_;
108 my %remove = map { $_ => 1 } @remove;
109 grep !$remove{$_}, _as_list($list);
113 [$_version, $_archname],
116 (@_inc_version_list ? \@_inc_version_list : ()),
120 sub install_base_bin_path {
121 my ($class, $path) = @_;
122 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
124 sub install_base_perl_path {
125 my ($class, $path) = @_;
126 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
128 sub install_base_arch_path {
129 my ($class, $path) = @_;
130 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $_archname);
134 my ($class, $path) = @_;
135 my $base = $class->install_base_perl_path($path);
136 return map { File::Spec->catdir($base, @$_) } @_lib_subdirs;
139 sub _mm_escape_path {
141 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\\\\\/g;
142 if ($path =~ s/ /\\ /g) {
143 $path = qq{"\\"$path\\""};
148 sub _mb_escape_path {
150 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
154 sub installer_options_for {
155 my ($class, $path) = @_;
157 PERL_MM_OPT => defined $path ? "INSTALL_BASE="._mm_escape_path($path) : undef,
158 PERL_MB_OPT => defined $path ? "--install_base "._mb_escape_path($path) : undef,
164 $self = ref $self ? $self : $self->new;
167 # screen out entries that aren't actually reflected in @INC
168 my $active_ll = $self->install_base_perl_path($_);
169 grep { $_ eq $active_ll } @{$self->inc};
170 } _as_list($self->roots);
175 my ($self, $path) = @_;
176 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
177 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
179 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
181 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
182 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
187 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins, $self->install_base_bin_path($path)) ],
188 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs, $self->install_base_perl_path($path)) ],
189 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc, $self->lib_paths_for($path)) ],
190 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, $path) ],
193 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($args{roots}[0]);
200 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
202 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
205 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins,
206 map $self->install_base_bin_path($_), @active_lls) ],
207 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs,
208 map $self->install_base_perl_path($_), @active_lls) ],
209 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc,
210 map $self->lib_paths_for($_), @active_lls) ],
211 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, @active_lls) ],
214 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for(undef);
220 my ($self, $path) = @_;
221 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
222 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
223 $self->ensure_dir_structure_for($path);
225 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
227 if (grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
228 $self = $self->deactivate($path);
232 bins => [ $self->install_base_bin_path($path), @{$self->bins} ],
233 libs => [ $self->install_base_perl_path($path), @{$self->libs} ],
234 inc => [ $self->lib_paths_for($path), @{$self->inc} ],
235 roots => [ $path, @{$self->roots} ],
238 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($path);
244 my ($self, $path) = @_;
245 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
247 $self = $self->activate($path);
252 sub build_environment_vars_for {
253 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
255 PATH => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->bins)),
256 PERL5LIB => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->libs)),
257 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->roots)),
262 sub setup_local_lib_for {
263 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
264 $self->setup_env_hash_for;
265 @INC = @{$self->inc};
268 sub setup_env_hash_for {
270 my %env = $self->build_environment_vars_for(@_);
271 for my $key (keys %env) {
272 if (defined $env{$key}) {
273 $ENV{$key} = $env{$key};
281 sub print_environment_vars_for {
283 print $self->environment_vars_string_for(@_);
286 sub environment_vars_string_for {
287 my $self = _legacy(@_);
289 my $build_method = 'build_' . $self->shelltype . '_env_declaration';
293 PERL5LIB => $self->libs,
294 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => $self->roots,
299 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
304 && ref $value->[0] eq 'SCALAR'
305 && ${$value->[0]} eq $name) {
308 $out .= $self->$build_method($name, $value);
313 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
314 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
315 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args);
318 return defined($value) ? qq{export ${name}="${value}"\n} : qq{unset ${name}\n};
320 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
321 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
322 my ($value, @vars) = $class->_interpolate($args);
323 @vars = grep { $_ ne $name || defined $value } @vars;
324 $value =~ s/"/"\\""/g
327 (map qq{if ! \$?$_ setenv $_ "";\n}, @vars),
329 ? qq{setenv $name "$value";\n}
330 : qq{unsetenv $name;\n});
332 sub build_cmd_env_declaration {
333 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
334 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '%', '%');
337 return qq{set $name=} . (defined($value) ? qq{"$value"} : '') . "\n";
339 sub build_powershell_env_declaration {
340 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
341 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '$env:');
342 if (defined $value) {
344 return qq{\$env:$name = "$value"\n};
346 return "Remove-Item Env:\\$name\n";
351 my ($class, $args, $start, $end) = @_;
353 unless defined $args;
358 $start = '$' unless defined $start;
359 $end = '' unless defined $end;
361 my $string = join($Config{path_sep}, map {
362 (ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? do { push @vars, $$_; $start.$$_.$end }
365 return wantarray ? ($string, @vars) : $string;
372 my $last = pop(@methods);
375 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
376 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
393 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
394 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
395 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
402 my ($class, $path) = @_;
404 $path = $class->${pipeline qw(
405 resolve_relative_path
410 $path = Win32::GetShortPathName($path)
416 sub resolve_empty_path {
417 my ($class, $path) = @_;
427 #:: test classmethod setup
429 my $c = 'local::lib';
437 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
438 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
444 sub resolve_home_path {
445 my ($class, $path) = @_;
446 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
447 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
449 if (!defined $user && defined $ENV{HOME}) {
454 File::Glob::bsd_glob("~$user", File::Glob::GLOB_TILDE());
457 unless (defined $homedir) {
460 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
461 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
464 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
468 sub resolve_relative_path {
469 my ($class, $path) = @_;
470 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
477 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
478 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
484 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
485 my ($class, $path) = @_;
487 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
489 require File::Basename;
493 $path = File::Basename::dirname($path);
495 mkdir $_ for reverse @dirs;
503 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
505 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
507 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
513 sub guess_shelltype {
515 if(defined $ENV{'SHELL'}) {
516 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'SHELL'});
517 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
520 local $_ = $shellbin;
528 # Both Win32 and Cygwin have $ENV{COMSPEC} set.
529 if (defined $ENV{'COMSPEC'} && $^O ne 'cygwin') {
530 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'COMSPEC'});
531 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
533 local $_ = $shellbin;
536 } elsif(/cmd\.exe/) {
538 } elsif(/4nt\.exe/) {
555 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
561 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
563 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
567 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
571 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
572 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
574 # Just print out useful shell commands
576 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
577 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
578 export PERL5LIB="/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5"
579 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
581 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
583 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
584 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
585 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
586 local::lib in your home directory.
588 Even if you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
589 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
590 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
591 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
593 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
595 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
597 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
598 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
599 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
604 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
606 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
607 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
609 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
610 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
612 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
614 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
616 make test && make install
618 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
619 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
620 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
623 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
625 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
630 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
632 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to
633 give that as import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this
636 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
638 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
639 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
640 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
642 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
643 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
644 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
646 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
648 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
649 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
650 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
651 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
655 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
656 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
657 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
661 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
662 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
663 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
665 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
667 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
668 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
669 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
670 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
671 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
672 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
673 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
675 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
676 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
677 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
678 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
679 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
680 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
681 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
684 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
688 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
689 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
691 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
693 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
695 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
696 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
698 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
699 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
700 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
701 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5
702 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
704 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
705 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\tmp.bat
706 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
708 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
709 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
711 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
712 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
713 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
714 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
715 and the subdirectories are created.
719 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
720 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
721 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
722 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
723 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
724 around to packaging up the version you need.
726 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
727 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
728 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
729 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
730 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
731 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
732 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
734 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
735 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
736 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
741 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
742 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
743 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
744 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
745 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
748 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
749 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
750 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
751 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
752 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
754 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
769 When possible, these will be appended to instead of overwritten entirely.
771 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
773 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
775 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
776 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
777 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
781 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
782 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
783 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
787 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
788 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
790 =head2 --deactivate-all
792 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
797 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
801 =item Arguments: $path
803 =item Return value: None
807 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
808 an exception on failure.
810 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
814 =item Arguments: $path
816 =item Return value: None
820 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
821 given path as the base directory.
823 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
827 =item Arguments: $path, $interpolate
829 =item Return value: %environment_vars
833 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
834 given path as the base directory.
836 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
840 =item Arguments: $path
842 =item Return value: None
846 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
847 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
853 =item Arguments: None
855 =item Return value: @paths
859 Returns a list of active C<local::lib> paths, according to the
860 C<PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT> environment variable and verified against
861 what is really in C<@INC>.
863 =head2 install_base_perl_path
867 =item Arguments: $path
869 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
873 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
874 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
877 =head2 install_base_bin_path
881 =item Arguments: $path
883 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
887 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
888 local library installation. Appends the directory C<bin> to the given path.
890 =head2 resolve_empty_path
894 =item Arguments: $path
896 =item Return value: $base_path
900 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
901 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
903 =head2 resolve_home_path
907 =item Arguments: $path
909 =item Return value: $home_path
913 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
914 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
916 =head2 resolve_relative_path
920 =item Arguments: $path
922 =item Return value: $absolute_path
926 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
932 =item Arguments: $path
934 =item Return value: $absolute_path
938 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
939 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
940 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
941 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
942 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
943 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
944 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
947 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
949 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
950 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
951 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
952 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
953 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
954 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
955 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
961 =item * Directory names with spaces in them are not well supported by the perl
962 toolchain and the programs it uses. Pure-perl distributions should support
963 spaces, but problems are more likely with dists that require compilation. A
964 workaround you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces
965 B<after> you installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be
966 aware that you can't update or install CPAN modules after the move.
968 =item * Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
969 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
970 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
971 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
973 =item * Kills any existing PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
975 =item * Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
979 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
983 =item * On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment
984 variables to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
988 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
990 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
991 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
992 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
993 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
994 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
995 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
996 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
998 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
1000 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
1002 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
1012 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
1013 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
1015 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
1023 =item * L<Perl Advent article, 2011|http://perladvent.org/2011/2011-12-01.html>
1031 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
1035 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
1037 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
1041 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
1042 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
1044 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
1045 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by
1046 Torsten Raudssus <torsten@raudssus.de>.
1048 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
1049 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
1050 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
1051 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
1052 properly. Many, many thanks!
1054 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
1055 section. Many thanks!
1057 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
1059 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
1060 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
1062 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
1063 '--self-contained' option.
1065 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
1066 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
1068 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc
1069 patches contributed by Breno G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
1071 Improvements to stacking multiple local::lib dirs and removing them from the
1072 environment later on contributed by Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>.
1074 Patch for Carp version mismatch contributed by Hakim Cassimally
1075 <osfameron@cpan.org>.
1079 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
1084 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1085 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.