5 # (feature name) => (internal name, used in %^H)
7 switch => 'feature_switch',
9 state => "feature_state",
10 unicode_strings => "feature_unicode",
13 # This gets set (for now) in $^H as well as in %^H,
14 # for runtime speed of the uc/lc/ucfirst/lcfirst functions.
15 our $hint_uni8bit = 0x00000800;
17 # NB. the latest bundle must be loaded by the -E switch (see toke.c)
19 my %feature_bundle = (
20 "5.10" => [qw(switch say state)],
21 "5.11" => [qw(switch say state unicode_strings)],
25 $feature_bundle{"5.9.5"} = $feature_bundle{"5.10"};
28 # - think about versioned features (use feature switch => 2)
32 feature - Perl pragma to enable new features
36 use feature qw(switch say);
38 when (1) { say "\$foo == 1" }
39 when ([2,3]) { say "\$foo == 2 || \$foo == 3" }
40 when (/^a[bc]d$/) { say "\$foo eq 'abd' || \$foo eq 'acd'" }
41 when ($_ > 100) { say "\$foo > 100" }
42 default { say "None of the above" }
45 use feature ':5.10'; # loads all features available in perl 5.10
49 It is usually impossible to add new syntax to Perl without breaking
50 some existing programs. This pragma provides a way to minimize that
51 risk. New syntactic constructs, or new semantic meanings to older
52 constructs, can be enabled by C<use feature 'foo'>, and will be parsed
53 only when the appropriate feature pragma is in scope.
57 Like other pragmas (C<use strict>, for example), features have a lexical
58 effect. C<use feature qw(foo)> will only make the feature "foo" available
59 from that point to the end of the enclosing block.
63 say "say is available here";
65 print "But not here.\n";
69 Features can also be turned off by using C<no feature "foo">. This too
73 say "say is available here";
76 print "But not here.\n";
78 say "Yet it is here.";
80 C<no feature> with no features specified will turn off all features.
82 =head2 The 'switch' feature
84 C<use feature 'switch'> tells the compiler to enable the Perl 6
87 See L<perlsyn/"Switch statements"> for details.
89 =head2 The 'say' feature
91 C<use feature 'say'> tells the compiler to enable the Perl 6
94 See L<perlfunc/say> for details.
96 =head2 the 'state' feature
98 C<use feature 'state'> tells the compiler to enable C<state>
101 See L<perlsub/"Persistent Private Variables"> for details.
103 =head2 the 'unicode_strings' feature
105 C<use feature 'unicode_strings'> tells the compiler to treat
106 all strings outside of C<use locale> and C<use bytes> as Unicode. It is
107 available starting with Perl 5.11.3.
109 See L<perlunicode/The "Unicode Bug"> for details.
111 =head1 FEATURE BUNDLES
113 It's possible to load a whole slew of features in one go, using
114 a I<feature bundle>. The name of a feature bundle is prefixed with
115 a colon, to distinguish it from an actual feature. At present, the
116 only feature bundle is C<use feature ":5.10"> which is equivalent
117 to C<use feature qw(switch say state)>.
119 Specifying sub-versions such as the C<0> in C<5.10.0> in feature bundles has
120 no effect: feature bundles are guaranteed to be the same for all sub-versions.
122 =head1 IMPLICIT LOADING
124 There are two ways to load the C<feature> pragma implicitly :
130 By using the C<-E> switch on the command-line instead of C<-e>. It enables
131 all available features in the main compilation unit (that is, the one-liner.)
135 By requiring explicitly a minimal Perl version number for your program, with
136 the C<use VERSION> construct, and when the version is higher than or equal to
145 and so on. Note how the trailing sub-version is automatically stripped from the
148 But to avoid portability warnings (see L<perlfunc/use>), you may prefer:
152 with the same effect.
161 croak("No features specified");
164 my $name = shift(@_);
165 if (substr($name, 0, 1) eq ":") {
166 my $v = substr($name, 1);
167 if (!exists $feature_bundle{$v}) {
168 $v =~ s/^([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+).[0-9]+$/$1.$2/;
169 if (!exists $feature_bundle{$v}) {
170 unknown_feature_bundle(substr($name, 1));
173 unshift @_, @{$feature_bundle{$v}};
176 if (!exists $feature{$name}) {
177 unknown_feature($name);
179 $^H{$feature{$name}} = 1;
180 $^H |= $hint_uni8bit if $name eq 'unicode_strings';
187 # A bare C<no feature> should disable *all* features
189 delete @^H{ values(%feature) };
190 $^H &= ~ $hint_uni8bit;
196 if (substr($name, 0, 1) eq ":") {
197 my $v = substr($name, 1);
198 if (!exists $feature_bundle{$v}) {
199 $v =~ s/^([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+).[0-9]+$/$1.$2/;
200 if (!exists $feature_bundle{$v}) {
201 unknown_feature_bundle(substr($name, 1));
204 unshift @_, @{$feature_bundle{$v}};
207 if (!exists($feature{$name})) {
208 unknown_feature($name);
211 delete $^H{$feature{$name}};
212 $^H &= ~ $hint_uni8bit if $name eq 'unicode_strings';
217 sub unknown_feature {
219 croak(sprintf('Feature "%s" is not supported by Perl %vd',
223 sub unknown_feature_bundle {
225 croak(sprintf('Feature bundle "%s" is not supported by Perl %vd',