8 use bytes (); # for $bytes::hint_bits
9 $charnames::hint_bits = 0x20000; # HINT_LOCALIZE_HH
12 # Icky 3.2 names with parentheses.
13 'LINE FEED' => 'LINE FEED (LF)',
14 'FORM FEED' => 'FORM FEED (FF)',
15 'CARRIAGE RETURN' => 'CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)',
16 'NEXT LINE' => 'NEXT LINE (NEL)',
18 'LF' => 'LINE FEED (LF)',
19 'FF' => 'FORM FEED (FF)',
20 'CR' => 'CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)',
21 'NEL' => 'NEXT LINE (NEL)',
22 # More convenience. For futher convencience,
23 # it is suggested some way using using the NamesList
24 # aliases is implemented.
25 'ZWNJ' => 'ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER',
26 'ZWJ' => 'ZERO WIDTH JOINER',
27 'BOM' => 'BYTE ORDER MARK',
31 # Pre-3.2 compatibility (only for the first 256 characters).
32 'HORIZONTAL TABULATION' => 'CHARACTER TABULATION',
33 'VERTICAL TABULATION' => 'LINE TABULATION',
34 'FILE SEPARATOR' => 'INFORMATION SEPARATOR FOUR',
35 'GROUP SEPARATOR' => 'INFORMATION SEPARATOR THREE',
36 'RECORD SEPARATOR' => 'INFORMATION SEPARATOR TWO',
37 'UNIT SEPARATOR' => 'INFORMATION SEPARATOR ONE',
38 'PARTIAL LINE DOWN' => 'PARTIAL LINE FORWARD',
39 'PARTIAL LINE UP' => 'PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD',
43 # User defined aliasses. Even more convenient :)
50 my $alias = ref $_[0] ? $_[0] : { @_ };
51 @alias3{keys %$alias} = values %$alias;
56 my ($arg, $file) = @_;
57 if (-f $arg && File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute ($arg)) {
60 elsif ($arg =~ m/^\w+$/) {
61 $file = "unicore/${arg}_alias.pl";
64 croak "Charnames alias files can only have identifier characters";
66 if (my @alias = do $file) {
67 @alias == 1 && !defined $alias[0] and
68 croak "$file cannot be used as alias file for charnames";
70 croak "$file did not return a (valid) list of alias pairs";
77 # This is not optimized in any way yet
82 if (exists $alias1{$name}) {
83 $name = $alias1{$name};
85 elsif (exists $alias2{$name}) {
87 warnings::warnif('deprecated', qq{Unicode character name "$name" is deprecated, use "$alias2{$name}" instead});
88 $name = $alias2{$name};
90 elsif (exists $alias3{$name}) {
91 $name = $alias3{$name};
98 if ($name eq "BYTE ORDER MARK") {
102 ## Suck in the code/name list as a big string.
104 ## "0052\t\tLATIN CAPITAL LETTER R\n"
105 $txt = do "unicore/Name.pl" unless $txt;
107 ## @off will hold the index into the code/name string of the start and
108 ## end of the name as we find it.
110 ## If :full, look for the name exactly
111 if ($^H{charnames_full} and $txt =~ /\t\t\Q$name\E$/m) {
112 @off = ($-[0], $+[0]);
115 ## If we didn't get above, and :short allowed, look for the short name.
116 ## The short name is like "greek:Sigma"
118 if ($^H{charnames_short} and $name =~ /^(.+?):(.+)/s) {
119 my ($script, $cname) = ($1, $2);
120 my $case = $cname =~ /[[:upper:]]/ ? "CAPITAL" : "SMALL";
121 if ($txt =~ m/\t\t\U$script\E (?:$case )?LETTER \U\Q$cname\E$/m) {
122 @off = ($-[0], $+[0]);
127 ## If we still don't have it, check for the name among the loaded
130 my $case = $name =~ /[[:upper:]]/ ? "CAPITAL" : "SMALL";
131 for my $script (@{$^H{charnames_scripts}}) {
132 if ($txt =~ m/\t\t$script (?:$case )?LETTER \U\Q$name\E$/m) {
133 @off = ($-[0], $+[0]);
139 ## If we don't have it by now, give up.
141 carp "Unknown charname '$name'";
146 ## Now know where in the string the name starts.
147 ## The code, in hex, is before that.
149 ## The code can be 4-6 characters long, so we've got to sort of
150 ## go look for it, just after the newline that comes before $off[0].
152 ## This would be much easier if unicore/Name.pl had info in
153 ## a name/code order, instead of code/name order.
155 ## The +1 after the rindex() is to skip past the newline we're finding,
156 ## or, if the rindex() fails, to put us to an offset of zero.
158 my $hexstart = rindex($txt, "\n", $off[0]) + 1;
160 ## we know where it starts, so turn into number -
161 ## the ordinal for the char.
162 $ord = hex substr($txt, $hexstart, $off[0] - $hexstart);
165 if ($^H & $bytes::hint_bits) { # "use bytes" in effect?
167 return chr $ord if $ord <= 255;
168 my $hex = sprintf "%04x", $ord;
169 if (not defined $fname) {
170 $fname = substr $txt, $off[0] + 2, $off[1] - $off[0] - 2;
172 croak "Character 0x$hex with name '$fname' is above 0xFF";
175 no warnings 'utf8'; # allow even illegal characters
176 return pack "U", $ord;
181 shift; ## ignore class name
184 carp("`use charnames' needs explicit imports list");
186 $^H |= $charnames::hint_bits;
187 $^H{charnames} = \&charnames ;
190 ## fill %h keys with our @_ args.
192 my ($promote, %h, @args) = (0);
193 while (my $arg = shift) {
194 if ($arg eq ":alias") {
196 croak ":alias needs an argument in charnames";
199 ref $alias eq "HASH" or
200 croak "Only HASH reference supported as argument to :alias";
204 if ($alias =~ m{:(\w+)$}) {
205 $1 eq "full" || $1 eq "short" and
206 croak ":alias cannot use existing pragma :$1 (reversed order?)";
207 alias_file ($1) and $promote = 1;
213 if (substr($arg, 0, 1) eq ':' and ! ($arg eq ":full" || $arg eq ":short")) {
214 warn "unsupported special '$arg' in charnames";
219 @args == 0 && $promote and @args = (":full");
220 @h{@args} = (1) x @args;
222 $^H{charnames_full} = delete $h{':full'};
223 $^H{charnames_short} = delete $h{':short'};
224 $^H{charnames_scripts} = [map uc, keys %h];
227 ## If utf8? warnings are enabled, and some scripts were given,
228 ## see if at least we can find one letter of each script.
230 if (warnings::enabled('utf8') && @{$^H{charnames_scripts}}) {
231 $txt = do "unicore/Name.pl" unless $txt;
233 for my $script (@{$^H{charnames_scripts}}) {
234 if (not $txt =~ m/\t\t$script (?:CAPITAL |SMALL )?LETTER /) {
235 warnings::warn('utf8', "No such script: '$script'");
241 # this comes actually from Unicode::UCD, but it avoids the
242 # overhead of loading it
246 if ($arg =~ /^[1-9]\d*$/) {
248 } elsif ($arg =~ /^(?:[Uu]\+|0[xX])?([[:xdigit:]]+)$/) {
260 carp "charnames::viacode() expects one argument";
265 my $code = _getcode($arg);
270 $hex = sprintf "%04X", $arg;
272 carp("unexpected arg \"$arg\" to charnames::viacode()");
276 if ($code > 0x10FFFF) {
277 carp sprintf "Unicode characters only allocated up to U+10FFFF (you asked for U+%X)", $hex;
281 return $viacode{$hex} if exists $viacode{$hex};
283 $txt = do "unicore/Name.pl" unless $txt;
285 if ($txt =~ m/^$hex\t\t(.+)/m) {
286 return $viacode{$hex} = $1;
297 carp "charnames::vianame() expects one name argument";
303 return chr hex $1 if $arg =~ /^U\+([0-9a-fA-F]+)$/;
305 return $vianame{$arg} if exists $vianame{$arg};
307 $txt = do "unicore/Name.pl" unless $txt;
309 my $pos = index $txt, "\t\t$arg\n";
311 my $posLF = rindex $txt, "\n", $pos;
312 (my $code = substr $txt, $posLF + 1, 6) =~ tr/\t//d;
313 return $vianame{$arg} = hex $code;
315 # If $pos is at the 1st line, $posLF must be $[ - 1 (not found);
316 # then $posLF + 1 equals to $[ (at the beginning of $txt).
317 # Otherwise $posLF is the position of "\n";
318 # then $posLF + 1 must be the position of the next to "\n"
319 # (the beginning of the line).
320 # substr($txt, $posLF + 1, 6) may be "0000\t\t", "00A1\t\t",
321 # "10300\t", "100000", etc. So we can get the code via removing TAB.
333 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes
337 use charnames ':full';
338 print "\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA} is called sigma.\n";
340 use charnames ':short';
341 print "\N{greek:Sigma} is an upper-case sigma.\n";
343 use charnames qw(cyrillic greek);
344 print "\N{sigma} is Greek sigma, and \N{be} is Cyrillic b.\n";
346 use charnames ":full", ":alias" => {
347 e_ACUTE => "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE",
349 print "\N{e_ACUTE} is a small letter e with an acute.\n";
352 print charnames::viacode(0x1234); # prints "ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SEE"
353 printf "%04X", charnames::vianame("GOTHIC LETTER AHSA"); # prints "10330"
357 Pragma C<use charnames> supports arguments C<:full>, C<:short>, script
358 names and customized aliases. If C<:full> is present, for expansion of
359 C<\N{CHARNAME}>, the string C<CHARNAME> is first looked up in the list of
360 standard Unicode character names. If C<:short> is present, and
361 C<CHARNAME> has the form C<SCRIPT:CNAME>, then C<CNAME> is looked up
362 as a letter in script C<SCRIPT>. If pragma C<use charnames> is used
363 with script name arguments, then for C<\N{CHARNAME}> the name
364 C<CHARNAME> is looked up as a letter in the given scripts (in the
365 specified order). Customized aliases are explained in L</CUSTOM ALIASES>.
367 For lookup of C<CHARNAME> inside a given script C<SCRIPTNAME>
368 this pragma looks for the names
370 SCRIPTNAME CAPITAL LETTER CHARNAME
371 SCRIPTNAME SMALL LETTER CHARNAME
372 SCRIPTNAME LETTER CHARNAME
374 in the table of standard Unicode names. If C<CHARNAME> is lowercase,
375 then the C<CAPITAL> variant is ignored, otherwise the C<SMALL> variant
378 Note that C<\N{...}> is compile-time, it's a special form of string
379 constant used inside double-quoted strings: in other words, you cannot
380 use variables inside the C<\N{...}>. If you want similar run-time
381 functionality, use charnames::vianame().
383 For the C0 and C1 control characters (U+0000..U+001F, U+0080..U+009F)
384 as of Unicode 3.1, there are no official Unicode names but you can use
385 instead the ISO 6429 names (LINE FEED, ESCAPE, and so forth). In
386 Unicode 3.2 (as of Perl 5.8) some naming changes take place ISO 6429
387 has been updated, see L</ALIASES>. Also note that the U+UU80, U+0081,
388 U+0084, and U+0099 do not have names even in ISO 6429.
390 Since the Unicode standard uses "U+HHHH", so can you: "\N{U+263a}"
391 is the Unicode smiley face, or "\N{WHITE SMILING FACE}".
393 =head1 CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
395 The mechanism of translation of C<\N{...}> escapes is general and not
396 hardwired into F<charnames.pm>. A module can install custom
397 translations (inside the scope which C<use>s the module) with the
398 following magic incantation:
400 use charnames (); # for $charnames::hint_bits
403 $^H |= $charnames::hint_bits;
404 $^H{charnames} = \&translator;
407 Here translator() is a subroutine which takes C<CHARNAME> as an
408 argument, and returns text to insert into the string instead of the
409 C<\N{CHARNAME}> escape. Since the text to insert should be different
410 in C<bytes> mode and out of it, the function should check the current
411 state of C<bytes>-flag as in:
413 use bytes (); # for $bytes::hint_bits
415 if ($^H & $bytes::hint_bits) {
416 return bytes_translator(@_);
419 return utf8_translator(@_);
423 =head1 CUSTOM ALIASES
425 This version of charnames supports three mechanisms of adding local
426 or customized aliases to standard Unicode naming conventions (:full)
428 =head2 Anonymous hashes
430 use charnames ":full", ":alias" => {
431 e_ACUTE => "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE",
433 my $str = "\N{e_ACUTE}";
437 use charnames ":full", ":alias" => "pro";
439 will try to read "unicore/pro_alias.pl" from the @INC path. This
440 file should return a list in plain perl:
443 A_GRAVE => "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE",
444 A_CIRCUM => "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX",
445 A_DIAERES => "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS",
446 A_TILDE => "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE",
447 A_BREVE => "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE",
448 A_RING => "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE",
449 A_MACRON => "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH MACRON",
452 =head2 Alias shortcut
454 use charnames ":alias" => ":pro";
456 works exactly the same as the alias pairs, only this time,
457 ":full" is inserted automatically as first argument (if no
458 other argument is given).
460 =head1 charnames::viacode(code)
462 Returns the full name of the character indicated by the numeric code.
465 print charnames::viacode(0x2722);
467 prints "FOUR TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK".
469 Returns undef if no name is known for the code.
471 This works only for the standard names, and does not yet apply
472 to custom translators.
474 Notice that the name returned for of U+FEFF is "ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK
475 SPACE", not "BYTE ORDER MARK".
477 =head1 charnames::vianame(name)
479 Returns the code point indicated by the name.
482 printf "%04X", charnames::vianame("FOUR TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK");
486 Returns undef if the name is unknown.
488 This works only for the standard names, and does not yet apply
489 to custom translators.
493 A few aliases have been defined for convenience: instead of having
494 to use the official names
501 (yes, with parentheses) one can use
522 for ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER and ZERO WIDTH JOINER.
524 For backward compatibility one can use the old names for
525 certain C0 and C1 controls
529 HORIZONTAL TABULATION CHARACTER TABULATION
530 VERTICAL TABULATION LINE TABULATION
531 FILE SEPARATOR INFORMATION SEPARATOR FOUR
532 GROUP SEPARATOR INFORMATION SEPARATOR THREE
533 RECORD SEPARATOR INFORMATION SEPARATOR TWO
534 UNIT SEPARATOR INFORMATION SEPARATOR ONE
535 PARTIAL LINE DOWN PARTIAL LINE FORWARD
536 PARTIAL LINE UP PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD
538 but the old names in addition to giving the character
539 will also give a warning about being deprecated.
541 =head1 ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
543 If you ask by name for a character that does not exist, a warning is
544 given and the Unicode I<replacement character> "\x{FFFD}" is returned.
546 If you ask by code for a character that does not exist, no warning is
547 given and C<undef> is returned. (Though if you ask for a code point
548 past U+10FFFF you do get a warning.)
552 Since evaluation of the translation function happens in a middle of
553 compilation (of a string literal), the translation function should not
554 do any C<eval>s or C<require>s. This restriction should be lifted in
555 a future version of Perl.