8 @EXPORT = qw( inf NaN );
12 require bigint; # no "use" to avoid callind import
14 ##############################################################################
22 # These are all alike, and thus faked by AUTOLOAD
24 my @faked = qw/round_mode accuracy precision div_scale/;
25 use vars qw/$VERSION $AUTOLOAD $_lite/; # _lite for testsuite
31 $name =~ s/.*:://; # split package
33 foreach my $n (@faked)
37 *{"bigrat::$name"} = sub
43 Math::BigInt->$name($_[0]);
44 Math::BigFloat->$name($_[0]);
45 return Math::BigRat->$name($_[0]);
47 return Math::BigInt->$name();
53 # delayed load of Carp and avoid recursion
55 Carp::croak ("Can't call bigrat\-\>$name, not a valid method");
60 $^H{bigrat} = undef; # no longer in effect
61 overload::remove_constant('binary','','float','','integer');
66 my $level = shift || 0;
67 my $hinthash = (caller($level))[10];
71 #############################################################################
72 # the following two routines are for Perl 5.9.4 or later and are lexical
76 return CORE::hex($_[0]) unless in_effect(1);
78 $i = '0x'.$i unless $i =~ /^0x/;
79 Math::BigInt->new($i);
84 return CORE::oct($_[0]) unless in_effect(1);
86 return Math::BigInt->from_oct($i) if $i =~ /^0[0-7]/;
87 Math::BigInt->new($i);
94 # see also bignum->import() for additional comments
96 $^H{bigrat} = 1; # we are in effect
99 # for newer Perls always override hex() and oct() with a lexical version:
106 my $lib = ''; my $lib_kind = 'try'; my $upgrade = 'Math::BigFloat';
108 my @import = ( ':constant' ); # drive it w/ constant
109 my @a = @_; my $l = scalar @_; my $j = 0;
111 my ($ver,$trace); # version? trace?
112 for ( my $i = 0; $i < $l ; $i++,$j++ )
114 if ($_[$i] eq 'upgrade')
116 # this causes upgrading
117 $upgrade = $_[$i+1]; # or undef to disable
118 my $s = 2; $s = 1 if @a-$j < 2; # avoid "can not modify non-existant..."
119 splice @a, $j, $s; $j -= $s;
121 elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(l|lib|try|only)$/)
123 # this causes a different low lib to take care...
124 $lib_kind = $1; $lib_kind = 'lib' if $lib_kind eq 'l';
125 $lib = $_[$i+1] || '';
126 my $s = 2; $s = 1 if @a-$j < 2; # avoid "can not modify non-existant..."
127 splice @a, $j, $s; $j -= $s; $i++;
129 elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(a|accuracy)$/)
132 my $s = 2; $s = 1 if @a-$j < 2; # avoid "can not modify non-existant..."
133 splice @a, $j, $s; $j -= $s; $i++;
135 elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(p|precision)$/)
138 my $s = 2; $s = 1 if @a-$j < 2; # avoid "can not modify non-existant..."
139 splice @a, $j, $s; $j -= $s; $i++;
141 elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(v|version)$/)
144 splice @a, $j, 1; $j --;
146 elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(t|trace)$/)
149 splice @a, $j, 1; $j --;
151 elsif ($_[$i] eq 'hex')
153 splice @a, $j, 1; $j --;
154 $hex = \&bigint::_hex_global;
156 elsif ($_[$i] eq 'oct')
158 splice @a, $j, 1; $j --;
159 $oct = \&bigint::_oct_global;
163 die ("unknown option $_[$i]");
167 $_lite = 0; # using M::BI::L ?
170 require Math::BigInt::Trace; $class = 'Math::BigInt::Trace';
171 $upgrade = 'Math::BigFloat::Trace';
175 # see if we can find Math::BigInt::Lite
176 if (!defined $a && !defined $p) # rounding won't work to well
178 eval 'require Math::BigInt::Lite;';
181 @import = ( ); # :constant in Lite, not MBI
182 Math::BigInt::Lite->import( ':constant' );
183 $_lite= 1; # signal okay
186 require Math::BigInt if $_lite == 0; # not already loaded?
187 $class = 'Math::BigInt'; # regardless of MBIL or not
189 push @import, $lib_kind => $lib if $lib ne '';
190 # Math::BigInt::Trace or plain Math::BigInt
191 $class->import(@import, upgrade => $upgrade);
193 require Math::BigFloat;
194 Math::BigFloat->import( upgrade => 'Math::BigRat', ':constant' );
195 require Math::BigRat;
197 bigrat->accuracy($a) if defined $a;
198 bigrat->precision($p) if defined $p;
201 print "bigrat\t\t\t v$VERSION\n";
202 print "Math::BigInt::Lite\t v$Math::BigInt::Lite::VERSION\n" if $_lite;
203 print "Math::BigInt\t\t v$Math::BigInt::VERSION";
204 my $config = Math::BigInt->config();
205 print " lib => $config->{lib} v$config->{lib_version}\n";
206 print "Math::BigFloat\t\t v$Math::BigFloat::VERSION\n";
207 print "Math::BigRat\t\t v$Math::BigRat::VERSION\n";
211 # Take care of octal/hexadecimal constants
212 overload::constant binary => sub { bigint::_binary_constant(shift) };
214 # if another big* was already loaded:
215 my ($package) = caller();
218 if (!defined *{"${package}::inf"})
220 $self->export_to_level(1,$self,@a); # export inf and NaN
223 no warnings 'redefine';
224 *CORE::GLOBAL::oct = $oct if $oct;
225 *CORE::GLOBAL::hex = $hex if $hex;
235 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
241 print 2 + 4.5,"\n"; # BigFloat 6.5
242 print 1/3 + 1/4,"\n"; # produces 7/12
246 print 1/3,"\n"; # 0.33333...
249 # Note that this will make hex() and oct() be globally overriden:
250 use bigrat qw/hex oct/;
251 print hex("0x1234567890123490"),"\n";
252 print oct("01234567890123490"),"\n";
256 All operators (including basic math operations) are overloaded. Integer and
257 floating-point constants are created as proper BigInts or BigFloats,
260 Other than L<bignum>, this module upgrades to Math::BigRat, meaning that
261 instead of 2.5 you will get 2+1/2 as output.
265 C<bigrat> is just a thin wrapper around various modules of the Math::BigInt
266 family. Think of it as the head of the family, who runs the shop, and orders
267 the others to do the work.
269 The following modules are currently used by bignum:
271 Math::BigInt::Lite (for speed, and only if it is loadable)
278 Math with the numbers is done (by default) by a module called
279 Math::BigInt::Calc. This is equivalent to saying:
281 use bigrat lib => 'Calc';
283 You can change this by using:
285 use bignum lib => 'GMP';
287 The following would first try to find Math::BigInt::Foo, then
288 Math::BigInt::Bar, and when this also fails, revert to Math::BigInt::Calc:
290 use bigrat lib => 'Foo,Math::BigInt::Bar';
292 Using C<lib> warns if none of the specified libraries can be found and
293 L<Math::BigInt> did fall back to one of the default libraries.
294 To supress this warning, use C<try> instead:
296 use bignum try => 'GMP';
298 If you want the code to die instead of falling back, use C<only> instead:
300 use bignum only => 'GMP';
302 Please see respective module documentation for further details.
306 The sign is either '+', '-', 'NaN', '+inf' or '-inf'.
308 A sign of 'NaN' is used to represent the result when input arguments are not
309 numbers or as a result of 0/0. '+inf' and '-inf' represent plus respectively
310 minus infinity. You will get '+inf' when dividing a positive number by 0, and
311 '-inf' when dividing any negative number by 0.
315 Since all numbers are not objects, you can use all functions that are part of
316 the BigInt or BigFloat API. It is wise to use only the bxxx() notation, and not
317 the fxxx() notation, though. This makes you independed on the fact that the
318 underlying object might morph into a different class than BigFloat.
324 A shortcut to return Math::BigInt->binf(). Useful because Perl does not always
325 handle bareword C<inf> properly.
329 A shortcut to return Math::BigInt->bnan(). Useful because Perl does not always
330 handle bareword C<NaN> properly.
334 Return the class that numbers are upgraded to, is in fact returning
335 C<$Math::BigInt::upgrade>.
341 print "in effect\n" if bigrat::in_effect; # true
344 print "in effect\n" if bigrat::in_effect; # false
347 Returns true or false if C<bigrat> is in effect in the current scope.
349 This method only works on Perl v5.9.4 or later.
355 Math with the numbers is done (by default) by a module called
359 But a warning is in order. When using the following to make a copy of a number,
360 only a shallow copy will be made.
365 If you want to make a real copy, use the following:
369 Using the copy or the original with overloaded math is okay, e.g. the
373 print $x + 1, " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 10 9
375 but calling any method that modifies the number directly will result in
376 B<both> the original and the copy being destroyed:
379 print $x->badd(1), " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 10 10
382 print $x->binc(1), " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 10 10
385 print $x->bmul(2), " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 18 18
387 Using methods that do not modify, but testthe contents works:
390 $z = 9 if $x->is_zero(); # works fine
392 See the documentation about the copy constructor and C<=> in overload, as
393 well as the documentation in BigInt for further details.
397 bignum recognizes some options that can be passed while loading it via use.
398 The options can (currently) be either a single letter form, or the long form.
399 The following options exist:
405 This sets the accuracy for all math operations. The argument must be greater
406 than or equal to zero. See Math::BigInt's bround() function for details.
408 perl -Mbigrat=a,50 -le 'print sqrt(20)'
410 Note that setting precision and accurary at the same time is not possible.
414 This sets the precision for all math operations. The argument can be any
415 integer. Negative values mean a fixed number of digits after the dot, while
416 a positive value rounds to this digit left from the dot. 0 or 1 mean round to
417 integer. See Math::BigInt's bfround() function for details.
419 perl -Mbigrat=p,-50 -le 'print sqrt(20)'
421 Note that setting precision and accurary at the same time is not possible.
425 This enables a trace mode and is primarily for debugging bignum or
426 Math::BigInt/Math::BigFloat.
430 Load a different math lib, see L<MATH LIBRARY>.
432 perl -Mbigrat=l,GMP -e 'print 2 ** 512'
434 Currently there is no way to specify more than one library on the command
435 line. This means the following does not work:
437 perl -Mbignum=l,GMP,Pari -e 'print 2 ** 512'
439 This will be hopefully fixed soon ;)
443 Override the build-in hex() method with a version that can handle big
444 integers. Note that under Perl v5.9.4 or ealier, this will be global
445 and cannot be disabled with "no bigint;".
449 Override the build-in oct() method with a version that can handle big
450 integers. Note that under Perl v5.9.4 or ealier, this will be global
451 and cannot be disabled with "no bigint;".
455 This prints out the name and version of all modules used and then exits.
467 This method only works on Perl v5.9.4 or later.
471 C<bigint> overrides these routines with versions that can also handle
472 big integer values. Under Perl prior to version v5.9.4, however, this
473 will not happen unless you specifically ask for it with the two
474 import tags "hex" and "oct" - and then it will be global and cannot be
475 disabled inside a scope with "no bigint":
477 use bigint qw/hex oct/;
479 print hex("0x1234567890123456");
482 print hex("0x1234567890123456");
485 The second call to hex() will warn about a non-portable constant.
491 # will warn only under Perl older than v5.9.4
492 print hex("0x1234567890123456");
498 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
499 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
500 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
501 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
502 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
503 perl -Mbignum=l,GMP -le 'print 7 ** 7777'
507 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under
508 the same terms as Perl itself.
512 Especially L<bignum>.
514 L<Math::BigFloat>, L<Math::BigInt>, L<Math::BigRat> and L<Math::Big> as well
515 as L<Math::BigInt::BitVect>, L<Math::BigInt::Pari> and L<Math::BigInt::GMP>.
519 (C) by Tels L<http://bloodgate.com/> in early 2002 - 2007.