8 @EXPORT = qw( inf NaN );
13 ##############################################################################
15 # These are all alike, and thus faked by AUTOLOAD
17 my @faked = qw/round_mode accuracy precision div_scale/;
18 use vars qw/$VERSION $AUTOLOAD $_lite/; # _lite for testsuite
24 $name =~ s/.*:://; # split package
26 foreach my $n (@faked)
30 *{"bigint::$name"} = sub
36 return Math::BigInt->$name($_[0]);
38 return Math::BigInt->$name();
44 # delayed load of Carp and avoid recursion
46 Carp::croak ("Can't call bigint\-\>$name, not a valid method");
55 # $Math::BigInt::upgrade = $_[0];
57 return $Math::BigInt::upgrade;
62 # this takes a floating point constant string and returns it truncated to
63 # integer. For instance, '4.5' => '4', '1.234e2' => '123' etc
66 # some simple cases first
67 return $float if ($float =~ /^[+-]?[0-9]+$/); # '+123','-1','0' etc
69 if ($float =~ /^[+-]?[0-9]+\.?[eE]\+?[0-9]+$/); # 123e2, 123.e+2
70 return '0' if ($float =~ /^[+-]?[0]*\.[0-9]+$/); # .2, 0.2, -.1
71 if ($float =~ /^[+-]?[0-9]+\.[0-9]*$/) # 1., 1.23, -1.2 etc
76 my ($mis,$miv,$mfv,$es,$ev) = Math::BigInt::_split($float);
77 return $float if !defined $mis; # doesn't look like a number to me
79 my $sign = $$mis; $sign = '' if $sign eq '+';
82 # ignore fraction part entirely
83 if ($ec >= length($$miv)) # 123.23E-4
87 return $sign . substr ($$miv,0,length($$miv)-$ec); # 1234.45E-2 = 12
90 if ($ec >= length($$mfv))
93 return $sign.$$miv.$$mfv if $ec == 0; # 123.45E+2 => 12345
94 return $sign.$$miv.$$mfv.'E'.$ec; # 123.45e+3 => 12345e1
96 $mfv = substr($$mfv,0,$ec);
97 return $sign.$$miv.$mfv; # 123.45e+1 => 1234
107 my @import = ( ':constant' ); # drive it w/ constant
108 my @a = @_; my $l = scalar @_; my $j = 0;
109 my ($ver,$trace); # version? trace?
110 my ($a,$p); # accuracy, precision
111 for ( my $i = 0; $i < $l ; $i++,$j++ )
113 if ($_[$i] =~ /^(l|lib)$/)
115 # this causes a different low lib to take care...
116 $lib = $_[$i+1] || '';
117 my $s = 2; $s = 1 if @a-$j < 2; # avoid "can not modify non-existant..."
118 splice @a, $j, $s; $j -= $s; $i++;
120 elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(a|accuracy)$/)
123 my $s = 2; $s = 1 if @a-$j < 2; # avoid "can not modify non-existant..."
124 splice @a, $j, $s; $j -= $s; $i++;
126 elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(p|precision)$/)
129 my $s = 2; $s = 1 if @a-$j < 2; # avoid "can not modify non-existant..."
130 splice @a, $j, $s; $j -= $s; $i++;
132 elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(v|version)$/)
135 splice @a, $j, 1; $j --;
137 elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(t|trace)$/)
140 splice @a, $j, 1; $j --;
142 else { die "unknown option $_[$i]"; }
145 $_lite = 0; # using M::BI::L ?
148 require Math::BigInt::Trace; $class = 'Math::BigInt::Trace';
152 # see if we can find Math::BigInt::Lite
153 if (!defined $a && !defined $p) # rounding won't work to well
155 eval 'require Math::BigInt::Lite;';
158 @import = ( ); # :constant in Lite, not MBI
159 Math::BigInt::Lite->import( ':constant' );
160 $_lite= 1; # signal okay
163 require Math::BigInt if $_lite == 0; # not already loaded?
164 $class = 'Math::BigInt'; # regardless of MBIL or not
166 push @import, 'lib' => $lib if $lib ne '';
167 # Math::BigInt::Trace or plain Math::BigInt
168 $class->import(@import);
170 bigint->accuracy($a) if defined $a;
171 bigint->precision($p) if defined $p;
174 print "bigint\t\t\t v$VERSION\n";
175 print "Math::BigInt::Lite\t v$Math::BigInt::Lite::VERSION\n" if $_lite;
176 print "Math::BigInt\t\t v$Math::BigInt::VERSION";
177 my $config = Math::BigInt->config();
178 print " lib => $config->{lib} v$config->{lib_version}\n";
181 # we take care of floating point constants, since BigFloat isn't available
182 # and BigInt doesn't like them:
183 overload::constant float => sub { Math::BigInt->new( _constant(shift) ); };
185 $self->export_to_level(1,$self,@a); # export inf and NaN
188 sub inf () { Math::BigInt->binf(); }
189 sub NaN () { Math::BigInt->bnan(); }
197 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
203 $x = 2 + 4.5,"\n"; # BigInt 6
204 print 2 ** 512,"\n"; # really is what you think it is
205 print inf + 42,"\n"; # inf
206 print NaN * 7,"\n"; # NaN
210 All operators (including basic math operations) are overloaded. Integer
211 constants are created as proper BigInts.
213 Floating point constants are truncated to integer. All results are also
218 bigint recognizes some options that can be passed while loading it via use.
219 The options can (currently) be either a single letter form, or the long form.
220 The following options exist:
226 This sets the accuracy for all math operations. The argument must be greater
227 than or equal to zero. See Math::BigInt's bround() function for details.
229 perl -Mbigint=a,2 -le 'print 12345+1'
233 This sets the precision for all math operations. The argument can be any
234 integer. Negative values mean a fixed number of digits after the dot, and
235 are <B>ignored</B> since all operations happen in integer space.
236 A positive value rounds to this digit left from the dot. 0 or 1 mean round to
237 integer and are ignore like negative values.
239 See Math::BigInt's bfround() function for details.
241 perl -Mbignum=p,5 -le 'print 123456789+123'
245 This enables a trace mode and is primarily for debugging bigint or
250 Load a different math lib, see L<MATH LIBRARY>.
252 perl -Mbigint=l,GMP -e 'print 2 ** 512'
254 Currently there is no way to specify more than one library on the command
255 line. This will be hopefully fixed soon ;)
259 This prints out the name and version of all modules used and then exits.
265 Math with the numbers is done (by default) by a module called
266 Math::BigInt::Calc. This is equivalent to saying:
268 use bigint lib => 'Calc';
270 You can change this by using:
272 use bigint lib => 'BitVect';
274 The following would first try to find Math::BigInt::Foo, then
275 Math::BigInt::Bar, and when this also fails, revert to Math::BigInt::Calc:
277 use bigint lib => 'Foo,Math::BigInt::Bar';
279 Please see respective module documentation for further details.
281 =head2 Internal Format
283 The numbers are stored as objects, and their internals might change at anytime,
284 especially between math operations. The objects also might belong to different
285 classes, like Math::BigInt, or Math::BigInt::Lite. Mixing them together, even
286 with normal scalars is not extraordinary, but normal and expected.
288 You should not depend on the internal format, all accesses must go through
289 accessor methods. E.g. looking at $x->{sign} is not a good idea since there
290 is no guaranty that the object in question has such a hash key, nor is a hash
295 The sign is either '+', '-', 'NaN', '+inf' or '-inf'.
296 You can access it with the sign() method.
298 A sign of 'NaN' is used to represent the result when input arguments are not
299 numbers or as a result of 0/0. '+inf' and '-inf' represent plus respectively
300 minus infinity. You will get '+inf' when dividing a positive number by 0, and
301 '-inf' when dividing any negative number by 0.
305 Since all numbers are now objects, you can use all functions that are part of
306 the BigInt API. You can only use the bxxx() notation, and not the fxxx()
311 But a warning is in order. When using the following to make a copy of a number,
312 only a shallow copy will be made.
317 Using the copy or the original with overloaded math is okay, e.g. the
321 print $x + 1, " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 10 9
323 but calling any method that modifies the number directly will result in
324 B<both> the original and the copy beeing destroyed:
327 print $x->badd(1), " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 10 10
330 print $x->binc(1), " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 10 10
333 print $x->bmul(2), " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 18 18
335 Using methods that do not modify, but testthe contents works:
338 $z = 9 if $x->is_zero(); # works fine
340 See the documentation about the copy constructor and C<=> in overload, as
341 well as the documentation in BigInt for further details.
345 C<bigint> is just a thin wrapper around various modules of the Math::BigInt
346 family. Think of it as the head of the family, who runs the shop, and orders
347 the others to do the work.
349 The following modules are currently used by bigint:
351 Math::BigInt::Lite (for speed, and only if it is loadable)
356 Some cool command line examples to impress the Python crowd ;) You might want
357 to compare them to the results under -Mbignum or -Mbigrat:
359 perl -Mbigint -le 'print sqrt(33)'
360 perl -Mbigint -le 'print 2*255'
361 perl -Mbigint -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
362 perl -Mbigint -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
363 perl -Mbigint -le 'print 123->is_odd()'
364 perl -Mbigint -le 'print log(2)'
365 perl -Mbigint -le 'print 2 ** 0.5'
366 perl -Mbigint=a,65 -le 'print 2 ** 0.2'
370 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under
371 the same terms as Perl itself.
375 Especially L<bigrat> as in C<perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 1/3+1/4'> and
376 L<bignum> as in C<perl -Mbignum -le 'print sqrt(2)'>.
378 L<Math::BigInt>, L<Math::BigRat> and L<Math::Big> as well
379 as L<Math::BigInt::BitVect>, L<Math::BigInt::Pari> and L<Math::BigInt::GMP>.
383 (C) by Tels L<http://bloodgate.com/> in early 2002 - 2005.