10 sub PUBLIC () { 2**0 }
11 sub PRIVATE () { 2**1 }
12 sub INHERITED () { 2**2 }
13 sub PROTECTED () { 2**3 }
16 my $Fattr = \%fields::attr;
20 my $fglob = ${"$base\::"}{FIELDS};
21 return( ($fglob && 'GLOB' eq ref($fglob) && *$fglob{HASH}) ? 1 : 0 );
26 my $vglob = ${$base.'::'}{VERSION};
27 return( ($vglob && *$vglob{SCALAR}) ? 1 : 0 );
32 my($class) = ref $proto || $proto;
33 return exists $Fattr->{$class};
37 $Fattr->{$_[0]} = [1] unless $Fattr->{$_[0]};
38 return $Fattr->{$_[0]};
43 # Shut up a possible typo warning.
44 () = \%{$_[0].'::FIELDS'};
45 my $f = \%{$_[0].'::FIELDS'};
47 # should be centralized in fields? perhaps
48 # fields::mk_FIELDS_be_OK. Peh. As long as %{ $package . '::FIELDS' }
49 # is used here anyway, it doesn't matter.
50 bless $f, 'pseudohash' if (ref($f) ne 'pseudohash');
57 # Shut up a possible typo warning.
58 () = \%{$_[0].'::FIELDS'};
59 return \%{$_[0].'::FIELDS'};
66 return SUCCESS unless @_;
68 # List of base classes from which we will inherit %FIELDS.
71 my $inheritor = caller(0);
73 foreach my $base (@_) {
74 if ( $inheritor eq $base ) {
75 warn "Class '$inheritor' tried to inherit from itself\n";
78 next if $inheritor->isa($base);
80 if (has_version($base)) {
81 ${$base.'::VERSION'} = '-1, set by base.pm'
82 unless defined ${$base.'::VERSION'};
89 # Only ignore "Can't locate" errors from our eval require.
90 # Other fatal errors (syntax etc) must be reported.
91 die if $@ && $@ !~ /^Can't locate .*? at \(eval /;
92 unless (%{"$base\::"}) {
95 Base class package "$base" is empty.
96 (Perhaps you need to 'use' the module which defines that package first.)
99 $sigdie = $SIG{__DIE__};
101 # Make sure a global $SIG{__DIE__} makes it out of the localization.
102 $SIG{__DIE__} = $sigdie if defined $sigdie;
103 ${$base.'::VERSION'} = "-1, set by base.pm"
104 unless defined ${$base.'::VERSION'};
106 push @{"$inheritor\::ISA"}, $base;
108 if ( has_fields($base) || has_attr($base) ) {
109 # No multiple fields inheritance *suck*
112 Carp::croak("Can't multiply inherit fields");
114 $fields_base = $base;
119 if( defined $fields_base ) {
120 inherit_fields($inheritor, $fields_base);
126 my($derived, $base) = @_;
128 return SUCCESS unless $base;
130 my $battr = get_attr($base);
131 my $dattr = get_attr($derived);
132 my $dfields = get_fields($derived);
133 my $bfields = get_fields($base);
135 $dattr->[0] = @$battr;
137 if( keys %$dfields ) {
139 $derived is inheriting from $base but already has its own fields!
140 This will cause problems. Be sure you use base BEFORE declaring fields.
145 # Iterate through the base's fields adding all the non-private
146 # ones to the derived class. Hang on to the original attribute
147 # (Public, Private, etc...) and add Inherited.
148 # This is all too complicated to do efficiently with add_fields().
149 while (my($k,$v) = each %$bfields) {
151 if ($fno = $dfields->{$k} and $fno != $v) {
153 Carp::croak ("Inherited fields can't override existing fields");
156 if( $battr->[$v] & PRIVATE ) {
157 $dattr->[$v] = PRIVATE | INHERITED;
160 $dattr->[$v] = INHERITED | $battr->[$v];
165 foreach my $idx (1..$#{$battr}) {
166 next if defined $dattr->[$idx];
167 $dattr->[$idx] = $battr->[$idx] & INHERITED;
178 base - Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile time
183 use base qw(Foo Bar);
187 Allows you to both load one or more modules, while setting up inheritance from
188 those modules at the same time. Roughly similar in effect to
194 push @ISA, qw(Foo Bar);
197 C<base> employs some heuristics to determine if a module has already been
198 loaded, if it has it doesn't try again. If C<base> tries to C<require> the
199 module it will not die if it cannot find the module's file, but will die on any
200 other error. After all this, should your base class be empty, containing no
201 symbols, it will die. This is useful for inheriting from classes in the same
202 file as yourself, like so:
205 sub exclaim { "I can have such a thing?!" }
210 If $VERSION is not detected even after loading it, <base> will define $VERSION
211 in the base package, setting it to the string C<-1, set by base.pm>.
213 C<base> will also initialize the fields if one of the base classes has it.
214 Multiple inheritance of fields is B<NOT> supported, if two or more base classes
215 each have inheritable fields the 'base' pragma will croak. See L<fields>,
216 L<public> and L<protected> for a description of this feature.
218 The base class' C<import> method is B<not> called.
225 =item Base class package "%s" is empty.
227 base.pm was unable to require the base package, because it was not
230 =item Class 'Foo' tried to inherit from itself
232 Attempting to inherit from yourself generates a warning.
241 This module was introduced with Perl 5.004_04.
245 Due to the limitations of the implementation, you must use
246 base I<before> you declare any of your own fields.