1 package SQL::Translator::Producer::MySQL;
3 # -------------------------------------------------------------------
4 # Copyright (C) 2002-2009 SQLFairy Authors
6 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 # modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
8 # published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2.
10 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
11 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
13 # General Public License for more details.
15 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
19 # -------------------------------------------------------------------
23 SQL::Translator::Producer::MySQL - MySQL-specific producer for SQL::Translator
27 Use via SQL::Translator:
31 my $t = SQL::Translator->new( parser => '...', producer => 'MySQL', '...' );
36 This module will produce text output of the schema suitable for MySQL.
37 There are still some issues to be worked out with syntax differences
38 between MySQL versions 3 and 4 ("SET foreign_key_checks," character sets
43 This producer takes a single optional producer_arg C<mysql_version>, which
44 provides the desired version for the target database. By default MySQL v3 is
45 assumed, and statements pertaining to any features introduced in later versions
46 (e.g. CREATE VIEW) are not produced.
48 Valid version specifiers for C<mysql_version> are listed L<here|SQL::Translator::Utils/parse_mysql_version>
52 Normally the tables will be created without any explicit table type given and
53 so will use the MySQL default.
55 Any tables involved in foreign key constraints automatically get a table type
56 of InnoDB, unless this is overridden by setting the C<mysql_table_type> extra
57 attribute explicitly on the table.
59 =head2 Extra attributes.
61 The producer recognises the following extra attributes on the Schema objects.
67 Set the list of allowed values for Enum fields.
69 =item B<field.binary>, B<field.unsigned>, B<field.zerofill>
71 Set the MySQL field options of the same name.
73 =item B<field.renamed_from>, B<table.renamed_from>
75 Use when producing diffs to indicate that the current table/field has been
76 renamed from the old name as given in the attribute value.
78 =item B<table.mysql_table_type>
80 Set the type of the table e.g. 'InnoDB', 'MyISAM'. This will be
81 automatically set for tables involved in foreign key constraints if it is
82 not already set explicitly. See L<"Table Types">.
84 Please note that the C<ENGINE> option is the preferred method of specifying
85 the MySQL storage engine to use, but this method still works for backwards
88 =item B<table.mysql_charset>, B<table.mysql_collate>
90 Set the tables default charater set and collation order.
92 =item B<field.mysql_charset>, B<field.mysql_collate>
94 Set the fields charater set and collation order.
102 use vars qw[ $VERSION $DEBUG %used_names ];
104 $DEBUG = 0 unless defined $DEBUG;
106 # Maximum length for most identifiers is 64, according to:
107 # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/4.1/en/identifiers.html
108 # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/identifiers.html
109 my $DEFAULT_MAX_ID_LENGTH = 64;
112 use SQL::Translator::Schema::Constants;
113 use SQL::Translator::Utils qw(debug header_comment
114 truncate_id_uniquely parse_mysql_version);
117 # Use only lowercase for the keys (e.g. "long" and not "LONG")
123 varchar2 => 'varchar',
139 'long integer' => 'integer',
141 'datetime' => 'datetime',
150 # Column types that do not support lenth attribute
152 my @no_length_attr = qw/
153 date time timestamp datetime year
157 sub preprocess_schema {
160 # extra->{mysql_table_type} used to be the type. It belongs in options, so
161 # move it if we find it. Return Engine type if found in extra or options
162 # Similarly for mysql_charset and mysql_collate
163 my $extra_to_options = sub {
164 my ($table, $extra_name, $opt_name) = @_;
166 my $extra = $table->extra;
168 my $extra_type = delete $extra->{$extra_name};
170 # Now just to find if there is already an Engine or Type option...
171 # and lets normalize it to ENGINE since:
173 # The ENGINE table option specifies the storage engine for the table.
174 # TYPE is a synonym, but ENGINE is the preferred option name.
177 # We have to use the hash directly here since otherwise there is no way
179 my $options = ( $table->{options} ||= []);
181 # If multiple option names, normalize to the first one
183 OPT_NAME: for ( @$opt_name[1..$#$opt_name] ) {
184 for my $idx ( 0..$#{$options} ) {
185 my ($key, $value) = %{ $options->[$idx] };
188 $options->[$idx] = { $opt_name->[0] => $value };
193 $opt_name = $opt_name->[0];
198 # This assumes that there isn't both a Type and an Engine option.
200 for my $idx ( 0..$#{$options} ) {
201 my ($key, $value) = %{ $options->[$idx] };
203 next unless uc $key eq $opt_name;
205 # make sure case is right on option name
206 delete $options->[$idx]{$key};
207 return $options->[$idx]{$opt_name} = $value || $extra_type;
212 push @$options, { $opt_name => $extra_type };
218 # Names are only specific to a given schema
219 local %used_names = ();
222 # Work out which tables need to be InnoDB to support foreign key
223 # constraints. We do this first as we need InnoDB at both ends.
225 foreach my $table ( $schema->get_tables ) {
227 $extra_to_options->($table, 'mysql_table_type', ['ENGINE', 'TYPE'] );
228 $extra_to_options->($table, 'mysql_charset', 'CHARACTER SET' );
229 $extra_to_options->($table, 'mysql_collate', 'COLLATE' );
231 foreach my $c ( $table->get_constraints ) {
232 next unless $c->type eq FOREIGN_KEY;
234 # Normalize constraint names here.
235 my $c_name = $c->name;
236 # Give the constraint a name if it doesn't have one, so it doens't feel
238 $c_name = $table->name . '_fk' unless length $c_name;
240 $c->name( next_unused_name($c_name) );
242 for my $meth (qw/table reference_table/) {
243 my $table = $schema->get_table($c->$meth) || next;
244 # This normalizes the types to ENGINE and returns the value if its there
245 next if $extra_to_options->($table, 'mysql_table_type', ['ENGINE', 'TYPE']);
246 $table->options( { 'ENGINE' => 'InnoDB' } );
248 } # foreach constraints
250 my %map = ( mysql_collate => 'collate', mysql_charset => 'character set');
251 foreach my $f ( $table->get_fields ) {
252 my $extra = $f->extra;
254 $extra->{$map{$_}} = delete $extra->{$_} if exists $extra->{$_};
258 if ( !$size[0] && $f->data_type =~ /char$/ ) {
267 my $translator = shift;
268 local $DEBUG = $translator->debug;
270 my $no_comments = $translator->no_comments;
271 my $add_drop_table = $translator->add_drop_table;
272 my $schema = $translator->schema;
273 my $show_warnings = $translator->show_warnings || 0;
274 my $producer_args = $translator->producer_args;
275 my $mysql_version = parse_mysql_version ($producer_args->{mysql_version}, 'perl') || 0;
276 my $max_id_length = $producer_args->{mysql_max_id_length} || $DEFAULT_MAX_ID_LENGTH;
278 my ($qt, $qf, $qc) = ('','', '');
279 $qt = '`' if $translator->quote_table_names;
280 $qf = '`' if $translator->quote_field_names;
282 debug("PKG: Beginning production\n");
285 $create .= header_comment unless ($no_comments);
286 # \todo Don't set if MySQL 3.x is set on command line
287 my @create = "SET foreign_key_checks=0";
289 preprocess_schema($schema);
296 for my $table ( $schema->get_tables ) {
297 # print $table->name, "\n";
298 push @table_defs, create_table($table,
299 { add_drop_table => $add_drop_table,
300 show_warnings => $show_warnings,
301 no_comments => $no_comments,
302 quote_table_names => $qt,
303 quote_field_names => $qf,
304 max_id_length => $max_id_length,
305 mysql_version => $mysql_version
309 if ($mysql_version >= 5.000001) {
310 for my $view ( $schema->get_views ) {
311 push @table_defs, create_view($view,
312 { add_replace_view => $add_drop_table,
313 show_warnings => $show_warnings,
314 no_comments => $no_comments,
315 quote_table_names => $qt,
316 quote_field_names => $qf,
317 max_id_length => $max_id_length,
318 mysql_version => $mysql_version
324 # print "@table_defs\n";
325 push @table_defs, "SET foreign_key_checks=1";
327 return wantarray ? ($create ? $create : (), @create, @table_defs) : ($create . join('', map { $_ ? "$_;\n\n" : () } (@create, @table_defs)));
331 my ($view, $options) = @_;
332 my $qt = $options->{quote_table_names} || '';
333 my $qf = $options->{quote_field_names} || '';
335 my $view_name = $view->name;
336 debug("PKG: Looking at view '${view_name}'\n");
338 # Header. Should this look like what mysqldump produces?
340 $create .= "--\n-- View: ${qt}${view_name}${qt}\n--\n" unless $options->{no_comments};
342 $create .= ' OR REPLACE' if $options->{add_replace_view};
345 my $extra = $view->extra;
347 if( exists($extra->{mysql_algorithm}) && defined(my $algorithm = $extra->{mysql_algorithm}) ){
348 $create .= " ALGORITHM = ${algorithm}\n" if $algorithm =~ /(?:UNDEFINED|MERGE|TEMPTABLE)/i;
351 if( exists($extra->{mysql_definer}) && defined(my $user = $extra->{mysql_definer}) ){
352 $create .= " DEFINER = ${user}\n";
355 if( exists($extra->{mysql_security}) && defined(my $security = $extra->{mysql_security}) ){
356 $create .= " SQL SECURITY ${security}\n" if $security =~ /(?:DEFINER|INVOKER)/i;
360 $create .= " VIEW ${qt}${view_name}${qt}";
362 if( my @fields = $view->fields ){
363 my $list = join ', ', map { "${qf}${_}${qf}"} @fields;
364 $create .= " ( ${list} )";
366 if( my $sql = $view->sql ){
367 $create .= " AS (\n ${sql}\n )";
375 my ($table, $options) = @_;
377 my $qt = $options->{quote_table_names} || '';
378 my $qf = $options->{quote_field_names} || '';
380 my $table_name = quote_table_name($table->name, $qt);
381 debug("PKG: Looking at table '$table_name'\n");
384 # Header. Should this look like what mysqldump produces?
388 $create .= "--\n-- Table: $table_name\n--\n" unless $options->{no_comments};
389 $drop = qq[DROP TABLE IF EXISTS $table_name] if $options->{add_drop_table};
390 $create .= "CREATE TABLE $table_name (\n";
396 for my $field ( $table->get_fields ) {
397 push @field_defs, create_field($field, $options);
405 for my $index ( $table->get_indices ) {
406 push @index_defs, create_index($index, $options);
407 $indexed_fields{ $_ } = 1 for $index->fields;
411 # Constraints -- need to handle more than just FK. -ky
414 my @constraints = $table->get_constraints;
415 for my $c ( @constraints ) {
416 my $constr = create_constraint($c, $options);
417 push @constraint_defs, $constr if($constr);
419 unless ( $indexed_fields{ ($c->fields())[0] } || $c->type ne FOREIGN_KEY ) {
420 push @index_defs, "INDEX ($qf" . ($c->fields())[0] . "$qf)";
421 $indexed_fields{ ($c->fields())[0] } = 1;
425 $create .= join(",\n", map { " $_" }
426 @field_defs, @index_defs, @constraint_defs
433 $create .= generate_table_options($table, $options) || '';
434 # $create .= ";\n\n";
436 return $drop ? ($drop,$create) : $create;
439 sub quote_table_name {
440 my ($table_name, $qt) = @_;
442 $table_name =~ s/\./$qt.$qt/g;
444 return "$qt$table_name$qt";
447 sub generate_table_options
449 my ($table, $options) = @_;
452 my $table_type_defined = 0;
453 my $qf = $options->{quote_field_names} ||= '';
454 my $charset = $table->extra('mysql_charset');
455 my $collate = $table->extra('mysql_collate');
457 for my $t1_option_ref ( $table->options ) {
458 my($key, $value) = %{$t1_option_ref};
459 $table_type_defined = 1
460 if uc $key eq 'ENGINE' or uc $key eq 'TYPE';
461 if (uc $key eq 'CHARACTER SET') {
464 } elsif (uc $key eq 'COLLATE') {
467 } elsif (uc $key eq 'UNION') {
468 $union = "($qf". join("$qf, $qf", @$value) ."$qf)";
471 $create .= " $key=$value";
474 my $mysql_table_type = $table->extra('mysql_table_type');
475 $create .= " ENGINE=$mysql_table_type"
476 if $mysql_table_type && !$table_type_defined;
477 my $comments = $table->comments;
479 $create .= " DEFAULT CHARACTER SET $charset" if $charset;
480 $create .= " COLLATE $collate" if $collate;
481 $create .= " UNION=$union" if $union;
482 $create .= qq[ comment='$comments'] if $comments;
488 my ($field, $options) = @_;
490 my $qf = $options->{quote_field_names} ||= '';
492 my $field_name = $field->name;
493 debug("PKG: Looking at field '$field_name'\n");
494 my $field_def = "$qf$field_name$qf";
497 my $data_type = $field->data_type;
498 my @size = $field->size;
499 my %extra = $field->extra;
500 my $list = $extra{'list'} || [];
501 # \todo deal with embedded quotes
502 my $commalist = join( ', ', map { qq['$_'] } @$list );
503 my $charset = $extra{'mysql_charset'};
504 my $collate = $extra{'mysql_collate'};
506 my $mysql_version = $options->{mysql_version} || 0;
508 # Oracle "number" type -- figure best MySQL type
510 if ( lc $data_type eq 'number' ) {
512 if ( scalar @size > 1 ) {
513 $data_type = 'double';
515 elsif ( $size[0] && $size[0] >= 12 ) {
516 $data_type = 'bigint';
518 elsif ( $size[0] && $size[0] <= 1 ) {
519 $data_type = 'tinyint';
526 # Convert a large Oracle varchar to "text"
527 # (not necessary as of 5.0.3 http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/char.html)
529 elsif ( $data_type =~ /char/i && $size[0] > 255 ) {
530 unless ($size[0] <= 65535 && $mysql_version >= 5.000003 ) {
535 elsif ( $data_type =~ /boolean/i ) {
536 if ($mysql_version >= 4) {
537 $data_type = 'boolean';
540 $commalist = "'0','1'";
543 elsif ( exists $translate{ lc $data_type } ) {
544 $data_type = $translate{ lc $data_type };
547 @size = () if $data_type =~ /(text|blob)/i;
549 if ( $data_type =~ /(double|float)/ && scalar @size == 1 ) {
553 $field_def .= " $data_type";
555 if ( lc($data_type) eq 'enum' || lc($data_type) eq 'set') {
556 $field_def .= '(' . $commalist . ')';
559 defined $size[0] && $size[0] > 0
561 ! grep lc($data_type) eq $_, @no_length_attr
563 $field_def .= '(' . join( ', ', @size ) . ')';
567 $field_def .= " CHARACTER SET $charset" if $charset;
568 $field_def .= " COLLATE $collate" if $collate;
571 for my $qual ( qw[ binary unsigned zerofill ] ) {
572 my $val = $extra{ $qual } || $extra{ uc $qual } or next;
573 $field_def .= " $qual";
575 for my $qual ( 'character set', 'collate', 'on update' ) {
576 my $val = $extra{ $qual } || $extra{ uc $qual } or next;
577 $field_def .= " $qual $val";
581 $field_def .= ' NOT NULL' unless $field->is_nullable;
583 # Default? XXX Need better quoting!
584 my $default = $field->default_value;
585 if ( defined $default ) {
586 SQL::Translator::Producer->_apply_default_value(
595 if ( my $comments = $field->comments ) {
596 $field_def .= qq[ comment '$comments'];
600 $field_def .= " auto_increment" if $field->is_auto_increment;
605 sub alter_create_index
607 my ($index, $options) = @_;
609 my $qt = $options->{quote_table_names} || '';
610 my $qf = $options->{quote_field_names} || '';
614 $qt.$index->table->name.$qt,
622 my ( $index, $options ) = @_;
624 my $qf = $options->{quote_field_names} || '';
629 lc $index->type eq 'normal' ? 'INDEX' : $index->type . ' INDEX',
631 ? $qf . truncate_id_uniquely(
633 $options->{max_id_length} || $DEFAULT_MAX_ID_LENGTH
636 '(' . $qf . join( "$qf, $qf", $index->fields ) . $qf . ')'
642 my ($index, $options) = @_;
644 my $qt = $options->{quote_table_names} || '';
645 my $qf = $options->{quote_field_names} || '';
649 $qt.$index->table->name.$qt,
652 $index->name || $index->fields
657 sub alter_drop_constraint
659 my ($c, $options) = @_;
661 my $qt = $options->{quote_table_names} || '';
662 my $qc = $options->{quote_field_names} || '';
664 my $out = sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s DROP %s %s',
665 $qt . $c->table->name . $qt,
666 $c->type eq FOREIGN_KEY ? $c->type : "INDEX",
667 $qc . $c->name . $qc );
672 sub alter_create_constraint
674 my ($index, $options) = @_;
676 my $qt = $options->{quote_table_names} || '';
679 $qt.$index->table->name.$qt,
681 create_constraint(@_) );
684 sub create_constraint
686 my ($c, $options) = @_;
688 my $qf = $options->{quote_field_names} || '';
689 my $qt = $options->{quote_table_names} || '';
690 my $leave_name = $options->{leave_name} || undef;
692 my @fields = $c->fields or next;
694 if ( $c->type eq PRIMARY_KEY ) {
695 return 'PRIMARY KEY (' . $qf . join("$qf, $qf", @fields). $qf . ')';
697 elsif ( $c->type eq UNIQUE ) {
700 (defined $c->name ? $qf.truncate_id_uniquely( $c->name, $options->{max_id_length} || $DEFAULT_MAX_ID_LENGTH ).$qf.' ' : '').
701 '(' . $qf . join("$qf, $qf", @fields). $qf . ')';
703 elsif ( $c->type eq FOREIGN_KEY ) {
705 # Make sure FK field is indexed or MySQL complains.
708 my $table = $c->table;
709 my $c_name = truncate_id_uniquely( $c->name, $options->{max_id_length} || $DEFAULT_MAX_ID_LENGTH );
719 $def .= ' ('.$qf . join( "$qf, $qf", @fields ) . $qf . ')';
721 $def .= ' REFERENCES ' . $qt . $c->reference_table . $qt;
723 my @rfields = map { $_ || () } $c->reference_fields;
724 unless ( @rfields ) {
725 my $rtable_name = $c->reference_table;
726 if ( my $ref_table = $table->schema->get_table( $rtable_name ) ) {
727 push @rfields, $ref_table->primary_key;
730 warn "Can't find reference table '$rtable_name' " .
731 "in schema\n" if $options->{show_warnings};
736 $def .= ' (' . $qf . join( "$qf, $qf", @rfields ) . $qf . ')';
739 warn "FK constraint on " . $table->name . '.' .
740 join('', @fields) . " has no reference fields\n"
741 if $options->{show_warnings};
744 if ( $c->match_type ) {
746 ( $c->match_type =~ /full/i ) ? 'FULL' : 'PARTIAL';
749 if ( $c->on_delete ) {
750 $def .= ' ON DELETE '.join( ' ', $c->on_delete );
753 if ( $c->on_update ) {
754 $def .= ' ON UPDATE '.join( ' ', $c->on_update );
764 my ($to_table, $options) = @_;
766 my $qt = $options->{quote_table_names} || '';
768 my $table_options = generate_table_options($to_table, $options) || '';
769 my $out = sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s%s',
770 $qt . $to_table->name . $qt,
776 sub rename_field { alter_field(@_) }
779 my ($from_field, $to_field, $options) = @_;
781 my $qf = $options->{quote_field_names} || '';
782 my $qt = $options->{quote_table_names} || '';
784 my $out = sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s CHANGE COLUMN %s %s',
785 $qt . $to_field->table->name . $qt,
786 $qf . $from_field->name . $qf,
787 create_field($to_field, $options));
794 my ($new_field, $options) = @_;
796 my $qt = $options->{quote_table_names} || '';
798 my $out = sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s ADD COLUMN %s',
799 $qt . $new_field->table->name . $qt,
800 create_field($new_field, $options));
808 my ($old_field, $options) = @_;
810 my $qf = $options->{quote_field_names} || '';
811 my $qt = $options->{quote_table_names} || '';
813 my $out = sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s DROP COLUMN %s',
814 $qt . $old_field->table->name . $qt,
815 $qf . $old_field->name . $qf);
821 sub batch_alter_table {
822 my ($table, $diff_hash, $options) = @_;
824 # InnoDB has an issue with dropping and re-adding a FK constraint under the
825 # name in a single alter statment, see: http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=13741
827 # We have to work round this.
830 my %fks_to_drop = map {
831 $_->type eq FOREIGN_KEY
834 } @{$diff_hash->{alter_drop_constraint} };
836 my %fks_to_create = map {
837 if ( $_->type eq FOREIGN_KEY) {
838 $fks_to_alter{$_->name} = $fks_to_drop{$_->name} if $fks_to_drop{$_->name};
841 } @{$diff_hash->{alter_create_constraint} };
844 if (scalar keys %fks_to_alter) {
845 $diff_hash->{alter_drop_constraint} = [
846 grep { !$fks_to_alter{$_->name} } @{ $diff_hash->{alter_drop_constraint} }
849 @drop_stmt = batch_alter_table($table, { alter_drop_constraint => [ values %fks_to_alter ] }, $options);
854 if (@{ $diff_hash->{$_} || [] }) {
855 my $meth = __PACKAGE__->can($_) or die __PACKAGE__ . " cant $_";
856 map { $meth->( (ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? @$_ : $_), $options ) } @{ $diff_hash->{$_} }
859 alter_drop_constraint
866 alter_create_constraint
869 # rename_table makes things a bit more complex
870 my $renamed_from = "";
871 $renamed_from = $diff_hash->{rename_table}[0][0]->name
872 if $diff_hash->{rename_table} && @{$diff_hash->{rename_table}};
874 return unless @stmts;
875 # Just zero or one stmts. return now
876 return (@drop_stmt,@stmts) unless @stmts > 1;
878 # Now strip off the 'ALTER TABLE xyz' of all but the first one
880 my $qt = $options->{quote_table_names} || '';
881 my $table_name = $qt . $table->name . $qt;
884 my $re = $renamed_from
885 ? qr/^ALTER TABLE (?:\Q$table_name\E|\Q$qt$renamed_from$qt\E) /
886 : qr/^ALTER TABLE \Q$table_name\E /;
888 my $first = shift @stmts;
889 my ($alter_table) = $first =~ /($re)/;
891 my $padd = " " x length($alter_table);
893 return @drop_stmt, join( ",\n", $first, map { s/$re//; $padd . $_ } @stmts);
898 my ($table, $options) = @_;
900 my $qt = $options->{quote_table_names} || '';
902 # Drop (foreign key) constraints so table drops cleanly
903 my @sql = batch_alter_table($table, { alter_drop_constraint => [ grep { $_->type eq 'FOREIGN KEY' } $table->get_constraints ] }, $options);
905 return (@sql, "DROP TABLE $qt$table$qt");
906 # return join("\n", @sql, "DROP TABLE $qt$table$qt");
911 my ($old_table, $new_table, $options) = @_;
913 my $qt = $options->{quote_table_names} || '';
915 return "ALTER TABLE $qt$old_table$qt RENAME TO $qt$new_table$qt";
918 sub next_unused_name {
919 my $name = shift || '';
920 if ( !defined($used_names{$name}) ) {
921 $used_names{$name} = $name;
926 while ( defined($used_names{$name . '_' . $i}) ) {
930 $used_names{$name} = $name;
936 # -------------------------------------------------------------------
942 SQL::Translator, http://www.mysql.com/.
946 darren chamberlain E<lt>darren@cpan.orgE<gt>,
947 Ken Youens-Clark E<lt>kclark@cpan.orgE<gt>.