3 sub _getglob { \*{$_[0]} }
4 sub _getstash { \%{"$_[0]::"} }
7 use warnings FATAL => 'all';
9 our $VERSION = '1.003002'; # 1.3.2
10 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
17 # Module state workaround totally stolen from Zefram's Module::Runtime.
20 *_WORK_AROUND_BROKEN_MODULE_STATE = "$]" < 5.009 ? sub(){1} : sub(){0};
23 sub Role::Tiny::__GUARD__::DESTROY {
24 delete $INC{$_[0]->[0]} if @{$_[0]};
28 (my $proto = $_[0]) =~ s/::/\//g;
30 return 1 if $INC{$proto};
31 # can't just ->can('can') because a sub-package Foo::Bar::Baz
32 # creates a 'Baz::' key in Foo::Bar's symbol table
33 return 1 if grep !/::$/, keys %{_getstash($_[0])||{}};
34 my $guard = _WORK_AROUND_BROKEN_MODULE_STATE
35 && bless([ $proto ], 'Role::Tiny::__GUARD__');
37 pop @$guard if _WORK_AROUND_BROKEN_MODULE_STATE;
45 warnings->import(FATAL => 'all');
46 return if $INFO{$target}; # already exported into this package
47 $INFO{$target}{is_role} = 1;
48 # get symbol table reference
49 my $stash = _getstash($target);
50 # install before/after/around subs
51 foreach my $type (qw(before after around)) {
52 *{_getglob "${target}::${type}"} = sub {
53 require Class::Method::Modifiers;
54 push @{$INFO{$target}{modifiers}||=[]}, [ $type => @_ ];
58 *{_getglob "${target}::requires"} = sub {
59 push @{$INFO{$target}{requires}||=[]}, @_;
62 *{_getglob "${target}::with"} = sub {
63 $me->apply_roles_to_package($target, @_);
66 # grab all *non-constant* (stash slot is not a scalarref) subs present
67 # in the symbol table and store their refaddrs (no need to forcibly
68 # inflate constant subs into real subs) with a map to the coderefs in
69 # case of copying or re-use
70 my @not_methods = (map { *$_{CODE}||() } grep !ref($_), values %$stash);
71 @{$INFO{$target}{not_methods}={}}{@not_methods} = @not_methods;
73 $APPLIED_TO{$target} = { $target => undef };
76 sub role_application_steps {
77 qw(_install_methods _check_requires _install_modifiers _copy_applied_list);
80 sub apply_single_role_to_package {
81 my ($me, $to, $role) = @_;
85 die "This is apply_role_to_package" if ref($to);
86 die "${role} is not a Role::Tiny" unless $INFO{$role};
88 foreach my $step ($me->role_application_steps) {
89 $me->$step($to, $role);
93 sub _copy_applied_list {
94 my ($me, $to, $role) = @_;
95 # copy our role list into the target's
96 @{$APPLIED_TO{$to}||={}}{keys %{$APPLIED_TO{$role}}} = ();
99 sub apply_roles_to_object {
100 my ($me, $object, @roles) = @_;
101 die "No roles supplied!" unless @roles;
102 my $class = ref($object);
103 bless($object, $me->create_class_with_roles($class, @roles));
107 my $role_suffix = 'A000';
108 sub _composite_name {
109 my ($me, $superclass, @roles) = @_;
112 '__WITH__', $superclass, my $compose_name = join '__AND__', @roles
115 if (length($new_name) > 252) {
116 $new_name = $COMPOSED{abbrev}{$new_name}
117 ||= substr($new_name, 0, 250 - length $role_suffix).'__'.$role_suffix++;
119 return wantarray ? ($new_name, $compose_name) : $new_name;
122 sub create_class_with_roles {
123 my ($me, $superclass, @roles) = @_;
125 die "No roles supplied!" unless @roles;
127 _load_module($superclass);
130 $seen{$_}++ for @roles;
131 if (my @dupes = grep $seen{$_} > 1, @roles) {
132 die "Duplicated roles: ".join(', ', @dupes);
136 my ($new_name, $compose_name) = $me->_composite_name($superclass, @roles);
138 return $new_name if $COMPOSED{class}{$new_name};
140 foreach my $role (@roles) {
142 die "${role} is not a Role::Tiny" unless $INFO{$role};
151 my $composite_info = $me->_composite_info_for(@roles);
152 my %conflicts = %{$composite_info->{conflicts}};
153 if (keys %conflicts) {
157 "Method name conflict for '$_' between roles "
158 ."'".join(' and ', sort values %{$conflicts{$_}})."'"
159 .", cannot apply these simultaneously to an object."
164 my @composable = map $me->_composable_package_for($_), reverse @roles;
166 # some methods may not exist in the role, but get generated by
167 # _composable_package_for (Moose accessors via Moo). filter out anything
168 # provided by the composable packages, excluding the subs we generated to
169 # make modifiers work.
170 my @requires = grep {
172 !grep $_->can($method) && !$COMPOSED{role}{$_}{modifiers_only}{$method},
174 } @{$composite_info->{requires}};
176 $me->_check_requires(
177 $superclass, $compose_name, \@requires
180 *{_getglob("${new_name}::ISA")} = [ @composable, $superclass ];
182 @{$APPLIED_TO{$new_name}||={}}{
183 map keys %{$APPLIED_TO{$_}}, @roles
186 $COMPOSED{class}{$new_name} = 1;
190 # preserved for compat, and apply_roles_to_package calls it to allow an
191 # updated Role::Tiny to use a non-updated Moo::Role
193 sub apply_role_to_package { shift->apply_single_role_to_package(@_) }
195 sub apply_roles_to_package {
196 my ($me, $to, @roles) = @_;
198 return $me->apply_role_to_package($to, $roles[0]) if @roles == 1;
200 my %conflicts = %{$me->_composite_info_for(@roles)->{conflicts}};
201 delete $conflicts{$_} for keys %{ $me->_concrete_methods_of($to) };
202 if (keys %conflicts) {
206 "Due to a method name conflict between roles "
207 ."'".join(' and ', sort values %{$conflicts{$_}})."'"
208 .", the method '$_' must be implemented by '${to}'"
213 # the if guard here is essential since otherwise we accidentally create
214 # a $INFO for something that isn't a Role::Tiny (or Moo::Role) because
215 # autovivification hates us and wants us to die()
217 delete $INFO{$to}{methods}; # reset since we're about to add methods
220 # backcompat: allow subclasses to use apply_single_role_to_package
221 # to apply changes. set a local var so ours does nothing.
222 our %BACKCOMPAT_HACK;
223 if($me ne __PACKAGE__
224 and exists $BACKCOMPAT_HACK{$me} ? $BACKCOMPAT_HACK{$me} :
225 $BACKCOMPAT_HACK{$me} =
226 $me->can('role_application_steps')
227 == \&role_application_steps
228 && $me->can('apply_single_role_to_package')
229 != \&apply_single_role_to_package
231 foreach my $role (@roles) {
232 $me->apply_single_role_to_package($to, $role);
236 foreach my $step ($me->role_application_steps) {
237 foreach my $role (@roles) {
238 $me->$step($to, $role);
242 $APPLIED_TO{$to}{join('|',@roles)} = 1;
245 sub _composite_info_for {
246 my ($me, @roles) = @_;
247 $COMPOSITE_INFO{join('|', sort @roles)} ||= do {
248 foreach my $role (@roles) {
252 foreach my $role (@roles) {
253 my $this_methods = $me->_concrete_methods_of($role);
254 $methods{$_}{$this_methods->{$_}} = $role for keys %$this_methods;
257 @requires{map @{$INFO{$_}{requires}||[]}, @roles} = ();
258 delete $requires{$_} for keys %methods;
259 delete $methods{$_} for grep keys(%{$methods{$_}}) == 1, keys %methods;
260 +{ conflicts => \%methods, requires => [keys %requires] }
264 sub _composable_package_for {
265 my ($me, $role) = @_;
266 my $composed_name = 'Role::Tiny::_COMPOSABLE::'.$role;
267 return $composed_name if $COMPOSED{role}{$composed_name};
268 $me->_install_methods($composed_name, $role);
269 my $base_name = $composed_name.'::_BASE';
270 # force stash to exist so ->can doesn't complain
271 _getstash($base_name);
272 # Not using _getglob, since setting @ISA via the typeglob breaks
273 # inheritance on 5.10.0 if the stash has previously been accessed an
274 # then a method called on the class (in that order!), which
275 # ->_install_methods (with the help of ->_install_does) ends up doing.
276 { no strict 'refs'; @{"${composed_name}::ISA"} = ( $base_name ); }
277 my $modifiers = $INFO{$role}{modifiers}||[];
279 my @modifiers = grep !$composed_name->can($_),
280 do { my %h; @h{map @{$_}[1..$#$_-1], @$modifiers} = (); keys %h };
281 foreach my $modified (@modifiers) {
282 push @mod_base, "sub ${modified} { shift->next::method(\@_) }";
287 eval(my $code = join "\n", "package ${base_name};", @mod_base);
288 $e = "Evaling failed: $@\nTrying to eval:\n${code}" if $@;
291 $me->_install_modifiers($composed_name, $role);
292 $COMPOSED{role}{$composed_name} = {
293 modifiers_only => { map { $_ => 1 } @modifiers },
295 return $composed_name;
298 sub _check_requires {
299 my ($me, $to, $name, $requires) = @_;
300 return unless my @requires = @{$requires||$INFO{$name}{requires}||[]};
301 if (my @requires_fail = grep !$to->can($_), @requires) {
302 # role -> role, add to requires, role -> class, error out
303 if (my $to_info = $INFO{$to}) {
304 push @{$to_info->{requires}||=[]}, @requires_fail;
306 die "Can't apply ${name} to ${to} - missing ".join(', ', @requires_fail);
311 sub _concrete_methods_of {
312 my ($me, $role) = @_;
313 my $info = $INFO{$role};
314 # grab role symbol table
315 my $stash = _getstash($role);
316 # reverse so our keys become the values (captured coderefs) in case
317 # they got copied or re-used since
318 my $not_methods = { reverse %{$info->{not_methods}||{}} };
319 $info->{methods} ||= +{
320 # grab all code entries that aren't in the not_methods list
322 my $code = *{$stash->{$_}}{CODE};
323 ( ! $code or exists $not_methods->{$code} ) ? () : ($_ => $code)
324 } grep !ref($stash->{$_}), keys %$stash
328 sub methods_provided_by {
329 my ($me, $role) = @_;
330 die "${role} is not a Role::Tiny" unless my $info = $INFO{$role};
331 (keys %{$me->_concrete_methods_of($role)}, @{$info->{requires}||[]});
334 sub _install_methods {
335 my ($me, $to, $role) = @_;
337 my $info = $INFO{$role};
339 my $methods = $me->_concrete_methods_of($role);
341 # grab target symbol table
342 my $stash = _getstash($to);
344 # determine already extant methods of target
347 +(ref($stash->{$_}) || *{$stash->{$_}}{CODE}),
351 foreach my $i (grep !exists $has_methods{$_}, keys %$methods) {
353 *{_getglob "${to}::${i}"} = $methods->{$i};
356 $me->_install_does($to);
359 sub _install_modifiers {
360 my ($me, $to, $name) = @_;
361 return unless my $modifiers = $INFO{$name}{modifiers};
362 if (my $info = $INFO{$to}) {
363 push @{$info->{modifiers}}, @{$modifiers||[]};
365 foreach my $modifier (@{$modifiers||[]}) {
366 $me->_install_single_modifier($to, @$modifier);
373 sub _install_single_modifier {
374 my ($me, @args) = @_;
375 defined($vcheck_error) or $vcheck_error = do {
377 eval { Class::Method::Modifiers->VERSION(1.05); 1 }
381 $vcheck_error and die $vcheck_error;
382 Class::Method::Modifiers::install_modifier(@args);
385 my $FALLBACK = sub { 0 };
389 # only add does() method to classes
390 return if $INFO{$to};
392 # add does() only if they don't have one
393 *{_getglob "${to}::does"} = \&does_role unless $to->can('does');
395 return if ($to->can('DOES') and $to->can('DOES') != (UNIVERSAL->can('DOES') || 0));
397 my $existing = $to->can('DOES') || $to->can('isa') || $FALLBACK;
399 my ($proto, $role) = @_;
400 Role::Tiny::does_role($proto, $role) or $proto->$existing($role);
402 no warnings 'redefine';
403 *{_getglob "${to}::DOES"} = $new_sub;
407 my ($proto, $role) = @_;
413 foreach my $class (@{mro::get_linear_isa(ref($proto)||$proto)}) {
414 return 1 if exists $APPLIED_TO{$class}{$role};
420 my ($me, $role) = @_;
421 return !!$INFO{$role};
430 Role::Tiny - Roles. Like a nouvelle cuisine portion size slice of Moose.
442 around baz => sub { ... }
450 use Role::Tiny::With;
452 # bar gets imported, but not foo
457 # baz is wrapped in the around modifier by Class::Method::Modifiers
462 If you wanted attributes as well, look at L<Moo::Role>.
466 C<Role::Tiny> is a minimalist role composition tool.
468 =head1 ROLE COMPOSITION
470 Role composition can be thought of as much more clever and meaningful multiple
471 inheritance. The basics of this implementation of roles is:
477 If a method is already defined on a class, that method will not be composed in
482 If a method that the role L</requires> to be implemented is not implemented,
483 role application will fail loudly.
487 Unlike L<Class::C3>, where the B<last> class inherited from "wins," role
488 composition is the other way around, where the class wins. If multiple roles
489 are applied in a single call (single with statement), then if any of their
490 provided methods clash, an exception is raised unless the class provides
491 a method since this conflict indicates a potential problem.
493 =head1 IMPORTED SUBROUTINES
497 requires qw(foo bar);
499 Declares a list of methods that must be defined to compose role.
505 with 'Some::Role1', 'Some::Role2';
507 Composes another role into the current role (or class via L<Role::Tiny::With>).
509 If you have conflicts and want to resolve them in favour of Some::Role1 you
515 If you have conflicts and want to resolve different conflicts in favour of
516 different roles, please refactor your codebase.
520 before foo => sub { ... };
522 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/before method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
525 Note that since you are not required to use method modifiers,
526 L<Class::Method::Modifiers> is lazily loaded and we do not declare it as
527 a dependency. If your L<Role::Tiny> role uses modifiers you must depend on
528 both L<Class::Method::Modifiers> and L<Role::Tiny>.
532 around foo => sub { ... };
534 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/around method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
537 Note that since you are not required to use method modifiers,
538 L<Class::Method::Modifiers> is lazily loaded and we do not declare it as
539 a dependency. If your L<Role::Tiny> role uses modifiers you must depend on
540 both L<Class::Method::Modifiers> and L<Role::Tiny>.
544 after foo => sub { ... };
546 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/after method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
549 Note that since you are not required to use method modifiers,
550 L<Class::Method::Modifiers> is lazily loaded and we do not declare it as
551 a dependency. If your L<Role::Tiny> role uses modifiers you must depend on
552 both L<Class::Method::Modifiers> and L<Role::Tiny>.
558 if (Role::Tiny::does_role($foo, 'Some::Role')) {
562 Returns true if class has been composed with role.
564 This subroutine is also installed as ->does on any class a Role::Tiny is
565 composed into unless that class already has an ->does method, so
567 if ($foo->does('Some::Role')) {
571 will work for classes but to test a role, one must use ::does_role directly.
573 Additionally, Role::Tiny will override the standard Perl C<DOES> method
574 for your class. However, if C<any> class in your class' inheritance
575 hierarchy provides C<DOES>, then Role::Tiny will not override it.
579 =head2 apply_roles_to_package
581 Role::Tiny->apply_roles_to_package(
582 'Some::Package', 'Some::Role', 'Some::Other::Role'
585 Composes role with package. See also L<Role::Tiny::With>.
587 =head2 apply_roles_to_object
589 Role::Tiny->apply_roles_to_object($foo, qw(Some::Role1 Some::Role2));
591 Composes roles in order into object directly. Object is reblessed into the
594 =head2 create_class_with_roles
596 Role::Tiny->create_class_with_roles('Some::Base', qw(Some::Role1 Some::Role2));
598 Creates a new class based on base, with the roles composed into it in order.
599 New class is returned.
603 Role::Tiny->is_role('Some::Role1')
605 Returns true if the given package is a role.
609 L<Role::Tiny> is the attribute-less subset of L<Moo::Role>; L<Moo::Role> is
610 a meta-protocol-less subset of the king of role systems, L<Moose::Role>.
612 If you don't want method modifiers and do want to be forcibly restricted
613 to a single role application per class, Ovid's L<Role::Basic> exists. But
614 Stevan Little (the L<Moose> author) and I don't find the additional
615 restrictions to be amazingly helpful in most cases; L<Role::Basic>'s choices
616 are more a guide to what you should prefer doing, to our mind, rather than
617 something that needs to be enforced.
621 mst - Matt S. Trout (cpan:MSTROUT) <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>
625 dg - David Leadbeater (cpan:DGL) <dgl@dgl.cx>
627 frew - Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt (cpan:FREW) <frioux@gmail.com>
629 hobbs - Andrew Rodland (cpan:ARODLAND) <arodland@cpan.org>
631 jnap - John Napiorkowski (cpan:JJNAPIORK) <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
633 ribasushi - Peter Rabbitson (cpan:RIBASUSHI) <ribasushi@cpan.org>
635 chip - Chip Salzenberg (cpan:CHIPS) <chip@pobox.com>
637 ajgb - Alex J. G. Burzyński (cpan:AJGB) <ajgb@cpan.org>
639 doy - Jesse Luehrs (cpan:DOY) <doy at tozt dot net>
641 perigrin - Chris Prather (cpan:PERIGRIN) <chris@prather.org>
643 Mithaldu - Christian Walde (cpan:MITHALDU) <walde.christian@googlemail.com>
645 ilmari - Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker (cpan:ILMARI) <ilmari@ilmari.org>
647 tobyink - Toby Inkster (cpan:TOBYINK) <tobyink@cpan.org>
651 Copyright (c) 2010-2012 the Role::Tiny L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
656 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms