1 # Pod::Man -- Convert POD data to formatted *roff input.
2 # $Id: Man.pm,v 1.26 2001/11/15 09:02:06 eagle Exp $
4 # Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001 by Russ Allbery <rra@stanford.edu>
6 # This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
7 # under the same terms as Perl itself.
9 # This module is intended to be a replacement for the pod2man script
10 # distributed with versions of Perl prior to 5.6, and attempts to match its
11 # output except for some specific circumstances where other decisions seemed
12 # to produce better output. It uses Pod::Parser and is designed to be easy to
15 # Perl core hackers, please note that this module is also separately
16 # maintained outside of the Perl core as part of the podlators. Please send
17 # me any patches at the address above in addition to sending them to the
18 # standard Perl mailing lists.
20 ##############################################################################
21 # Modules and declarations
22 ##############################################################################
28 use Carp qw(carp croak);
29 use Pod::ParseLink qw(parselink);
33 use subs qw(makespace);
34 use vars qw(@ISA %ESCAPES $PREAMBLE $VERSION);
36 @ISA = qw(Pod::Parser);
38 # Don't use the CVS revision as the version, since this module is also in Perl
39 # core and too many things could munge CVS magic revision strings. This
40 # number should ideally be the same as the CVS revision in podlators, however.
44 ##############################################################################
45 # Preamble and *roff output tables
46 ##############################################################################
48 # The following is the static preamble which starts all *roff output we
49 # generate. It's completely static except for the font to use as a
50 # fixed-width font, which is designed by @CFONT@, and the left and right
51 # quotes to use for C<> text, designated by @LQOUTE@ and @RQUOTE@. $PREAMBLE
52 # should therefore be run through s/\@CFONT\@/<font>/g before output.
53 $PREAMBLE = <<'----END OF PREAMBLE----';
54 .de Sh \" Subsection heading
62 .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
66 .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
71 .de Ve \" End verbatim text
76 .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will
77 .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
78 .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. | will give a
79 .\" real vertical bar. \*(C+ will give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to
80 .\" do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C'
81 .\" expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
83 .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
87 . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
88 . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
101 .\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
102 .\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index
103 .\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
104 .\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
107 . tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
113 .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
114 .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
118 .\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
119 .\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts.
120 . \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
129 . ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
135 . \" simple accents for nroff and troff
145 . ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
146 . ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
147 . ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
148 . ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
149 . ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
150 . ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
152 . \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
153 .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
154 .ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
155 .ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
156 .ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
157 .ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
158 .ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
159 .ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
160 .ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
161 .ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
162 . \" corrections for vroff
163 .if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
164 .if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
165 . \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
166 .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
179 ----END OF PREAMBLE----
182 # This table is taken nearly verbatim from Tom Christiansen's pod2man. It
183 # assumes that the standard preamble has already been printed, since that's
184 # what defines all of the accent marks. Note that some of these are quoted
185 # with double quotes since they contain embedded single quotes, so use \\
186 # uniformly for backslash for readability.
188 'amp' => '&', # ampersand
189 'apos' => "'", # apostrophe
190 'lt' => '<', # left chevron, less-than
191 'gt' => '>', # right chevron, greater-than
192 'quot' => '"', # double quote
193 'sol' => '/', # solidus (forward slash)
194 'verbar' => '|', # vertical bar
196 'Aacute' => "A\\*'", # capital A, acute accent
197 'aacute' => "a\\*'", # small a, acute accent
198 'Acirc' => 'A\\*^', # capital A, circumflex accent
199 'acirc' => 'a\\*^', # small a, circumflex accent
200 'AElig' => '\*(AE', # capital AE diphthong (ligature)
201 'aelig' => '\*(ae', # small ae diphthong (ligature)
202 'Agrave' => "A\\*`", # capital A, grave accent
203 'agrave' => "A\\*`", # small a, grave accent
204 'Aring' => 'A\\*o', # capital A, ring
205 'aring' => 'a\\*o', # small a, ring
206 'Atilde' => 'A\\*~', # capital A, tilde
207 'atilde' => 'a\\*~', # small a, tilde
208 'Auml' => 'A\\*:', # capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark
209 'auml' => 'a\\*:', # small a, dieresis or umlaut mark
210 'Ccedil' => 'C\\*,', # capital C, cedilla
211 'ccedil' => 'c\\*,', # small c, cedilla
212 'Eacute' => "E\\*'", # capital E, acute accent
213 'eacute' => "e\\*'", # small e, acute accent
214 'Ecirc' => 'E\\*^', # capital E, circumflex accent
215 'ecirc' => 'e\\*^', # small e, circumflex accent
216 'Egrave' => 'E\\*`', # capital E, grave accent
217 'egrave' => 'e\\*`', # small e, grave accent
218 'ETH' => '\\*(D-', # capital Eth, Icelandic
219 'eth' => '\\*(d-', # small eth, Icelandic
220 'Euml' => 'E\\*:', # capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark
221 'euml' => 'e\\*:', # small e, dieresis or umlaut mark
222 'Iacute' => "I\\*'", # capital I, acute accent
223 'iacute' => "i\\*'", # small i, acute accent
224 'Icirc' => 'I\\*^', # capital I, circumflex accent
225 'icirc' => 'i\\*^', # small i, circumflex accent
226 'Igrave' => 'I\\*`', # capital I, grave accent
227 'igrave' => 'i\\*`', # small i, grave accent
228 'Iuml' => 'I\\*:', # capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark
229 'iuml' => 'i\\*:', # small i, dieresis or umlaut mark
230 'Ntilde' => 'N\*~', # capital N, tilde
231 'ntilde' => 'n\*~', # small n, tilde
232 'Oacute' => "O\\*'", # capital O, acute accent
233 'oacute' => "o\\*'", # small o, acute accent
234 'Ocirc' => 'O\\*^', # capital O, circumflex accent
235 'ocirc' => 'o\\*^', # small o, circumflex accent
236 'Ograve' => 'O\\*`', # capital O, grave accent
237 'ograve' => 'o\\*`', # small o, grave accent
238 'Oslash' => 'O\\*/', # capital O, slash
239 'oslash' => 'o\\*/', # small o, slash
240 'Otilde' => 'O\\*~', # capital O, tilde
241 'otilde' => 'o\\*~', # small o, tilde
242 'Ouml' => 'O\\*:', # capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark
243 'ouml' => 'o\\*:', # small o, dieresis or umlaut mark
244 'szlig' => '\*8', # small sharp s, German (sz ligature)
245 'THORN' => '\\*(Th', # capital THORN, Icelandic
246 'thorn' => '\\*(th', # small thorn, Icelandic
247 'Uacute' => "U\\*'", # capital U, acute accent
248 'uacute' => "u\\*'", # small u, acute accent
249 'Ucirc' => 'U\\*^', # capital U, circumflex accent
250 'ucirc' => 'u\\*^', # small u, circumflex accent
251 'Ugrave' => 'U\\*`', # capital U, grave accent
252 'ugrave' => 'u\\*`', # small u, grave accent
253 'Uuml' => 'U\\*:', # capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark
254 'uuml' => 'u\\*:', # small u, dieresis or umlaut mark
255 'Yacute' => "Y\\*'", # capital Y, acute accent
256 'yacute' => "y\\*'", # small y, acute accent
257 'yuml' => 'y\\*:', # small y, dieresis or umlaut mark
259 'nbsp' => '\\ ', # non-breaking space
260 'shy' => '', # soft (discretionary) hyphen
264 ##############################################################################
265 # Static helper functions
266 ##############################################################################
268 # Protect leading quotes and periods against interpretation as commands. Also
269 # protect anything starting with a backslash, since it could expand or hide
270 # something that *roff would interpret as a command. This is overkill, but
271 # it's much simpler than trying to parse *roff here.
274 s/^([.\'\\])/\\&$1/mg;
278 # Translate a font string into an escape.
279 sub toescape { (length ($_[0]) > 1 ? '\f(' : '\f') . $_[0] }
282 ##############################################################################
284 ##############################################################################
286 # Initialize the object. Here, we also process any additional options passed
287 # to the constructor or set up defaults if none were given. center is the
288 # centered title, release is the version number, and date is the date for the
289 # documentation. Note that we can't know what file name we're processing due
290 # to the architecture of Pod::Parser, so that *has* to either be passed to the
291 # constructor or set separately with Pod::Man::name().
295 # Figure out the fixed-width font. If user-supplied, make sure that they
296 # are the right length.
297 for (qw/fixed fixedbold fixeditalic fixedbolditalic/) {
298 if (defined $$self{$_}) {
299 if (length ($$self{$_}) < 1 || length ($$self{$_}) > 2) {
300 croak qq(roff font should be 1 or 2 chars,)
301 . qq( not "$$self{$_}");
308 # Set the default fonts. We can't be sure what fixed bold-italic is going
309 # to be called, so default to just bold.
310 $$self{fixed} ||= 'CW';
311 $$self{fixedbold} ||= 'CB';
312 $$self{fixeditalic} ||= 'CI';
313 $$self{fixedbolditalic} ||= 'CB';
315 # Set up a table of font escapes. First number is fixed-width, second is
316 # bold, third is italic.
317 $$self{FONTS} = { '000' => '\fR', '001' => '\fI',
318 '010' => '\fB', '011' => '\f(BI',
319 '100' => toescape ($$self{fixed}),
320 '101' => toescape ($$self{fixeditalic}),
321 '110' => toescape ($$self{fixedbold}),
322 '111' => toescape ($$self{fixedbolditalic})};
324 # Extra stuff for page titles.
325 $$self{center} = 'User Contributed Perl Documentation'
326 unless defined $$self{center};
327 $$self{indent} = 4 unless defined $$self{indent};
329 # We used to try first to get the version number from a local binary, but
330 # we shouldn't need that any more. Get the version from the running Perl.
331 # Work a little magic to handle subversions correctly under both the
332 # pre-5.6 and the post-5.6 version numbering schemes.
333 if (!defined $$self{release}) {
334 my @version = ($] =~ /^(\d+)\.(\d{3})(\d{0,3})$/);
336 $version[2] *= 10 ** (3 - length $version[2]);
337 for (@version) { $_ += 0 }
338 $$self{release} = 'perl v' . join ('.', @version);
341 # Double quotes in things that will be quoted.
342 for (qw/center date release/) {
343 $$self{$_} =~ s/\"/\"\"/g if $$self{$_};
346 # Figure out what quotes we'll be using for C<> text.
347 $$self{quotes} ||= '"';
348 if ($$self{quotes} eq 'none') {
349 $$self{LQUOTE} = $$self{RQUOTE} = '';
350 } elsif (length ($$self{quotes}) == 1) {
351 $$self{LQUOTE} = $$self{RQUOTE} = $$self{quotes};
352 } elsif ($$self{quotes} =~ /^(.)(.)$/
353 || $$self{quotes} =~ /^(..)(..)$/) {
357 croak qq(Invalid quote specification "$$self{quotes}");
360 # Double the first quote; note that this should not be s///g as two double
361 # quotes is represented in *roff as three double quotes, not four. Weird,
363 $$self{LQUOTE} =~ s/\"/\"\"/;
364 $$self{RQUOTE} =~ s/\"/\"\"/;
366 $$self{INDENT} = 0; # Current indentation level.
367 $$self{INDENTS} = []; # Stack of indentations.
368 $$self{INDEX} = []; # Index keys waiting to be printed.
369 $$self{ITEMS} = 0; # The number of consecutive =items.
370 $$self{NEWINDENT} = 0; # Whether we've seen =over without =item.
372 $self->SUPER::initialize;
375 # For each document we process, output the preamble first.
379 # Try to figure out the name and section from the file name.
380 my $section = $$self{section} || 1;
381 my $name = $$self{name};
382 if (!defined $name) {
383 $name = $self->input_file;
384 $section = 3 if (!$$self{section} && $name =~ /\.pm\z/i);
385 $name =~ s/\.p(od|[lm])\z//i;
386 if ($section !~ /^3/) {
387 require File::Basename;
388 $name = uc File::Basename::basename ($name);
390 # Assume that we're dealing with a module. We want to figure out
391 # the full module name from the path to the file, but we don't
392 # want to include too much of the path into the module name. Lose
393 # everything up to the first of:
395 # */lib/*perl*/ standard or site_perl module
396 # */*perl*/lib/ from -Dprefix=/opt/perl
397 # */*perl*/ random module hierarchy
399 # which works. Also strip off a leading site or site_perl
400 # component, any OS-specific component, and any version number
401 # component, and strip off an initial component of "lib" or
402 # "blib/lib" since that's what ExtUtils::MakeMaker creates.
403 # splitdir requires at least File::Spec 0.8.
405 my ($volume, $dirs, $file) = File::Spec->splitpath ($name);
406 my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir ($dirs);
409 for ($i = 0; $i < scalar @dirs; $i++) {
410 if ($dirs[$i] eq 'lib' && $dirs[$i + 1] =~ /perl/) {
413 } elsif ($dirs[$i] =~ /perl/) {
415 $cut++ if $dirs[$i + 1] eq 'lib';
420 splice (@dirs, 0, $cut);
421 shift @dirs if ($dirs[0] =~ /^site(_perl)?$/);
422 shift @dirs if ($dirs[0] =~ /^[\d.]+$/);
423 shift @dirs if ($dirs[0] =~ /^(.*-$^O|$^O-.*)$/);
425 shift @dirs if $dirs[0] eq 'lib';
426 splice (@dirs, 0, 2) if ($dirs[0] eq 'blib' && $dirs[1] eq 'lib');
428 # Remove empty directories when building the module name; they
429 # occur too easily on Unix by doubling slashes.
430 $name = join ('::', (grep { $_ ? $_ : () } @dirs), $file);
434 # If $name contains spaces, quote it; this mostly comes up in the case of
436 $name = '"' . $name . '"' if ($name =~ /\s/);
438 # Modification date header. Try to use the modification time of our
440 if (!defined $$self{date}) {
441 my $time = (stat $self->input_file)[9] || time;
442 my ($day, $month, $year) = (localtime $time)[3,4,5];
445 $$self{date} = sprintf ('%4d-%02d-%02d', $year, $month, $day);
448 # Now, print out the preamble and the title. The meaning of the arguments
449 # to .TH unfortunately vary by system; some systems consider the fourth
450 # argument to be a "source" and others use it as a version number.
451 # Generally it's just presented as the left-side footer, though, so it
452 # doesn't matter too much if a particular system gives it another
455 # The order of date and release used to be reversed in older versions of
456 # this module, but this order is correct for both Solaris and Linux.
457 local $_ = $PREAMBLE;
458 s/\@CFONT\@/$$self{fixed}/;
459 s/\@LQUOTE\@/$$self{LQUOTE}/;
460 s/\@RQUOTE\@/$$self{RQUOTE}/;
462 my $pversion = $Pod::Parser::VERSION;
463 print { $self->output_handle } <<"----END OF HEADER----";
464 .\\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v$VERSION, Pod::Parser v$pversion
466 .\\" Standard preamble:
467 .\\" ========================================================================
469 .\\" ========================================================================
471 .IX Title "$name $section"
472 .TH $name $section "$$self{date}" "$$self{release}" "$$self{center}"
474 ----END OF HEADER----
476 # Initialize a few per-file variables.
478 $$self{NEEDSPACE} = 0;
482 ##############################################################################
484 ##############################################################################
486 # Called for each command paragraph. Gets the command, the associated
487 # paragraph, the line number, and a Pod::Paragraph object. Just dispatches
488 # the command to a method named the same as the command. =cut is handled
489 # internally by Pod::Parser.
493 return if $command eq 'pod';
494 return if ($$self{EXCLUDE} && $command ne 'end');
495 if ($self->can ('cmd_' . $command)) {
496 $command = 'cmd_' . $command;
497 $self->$command (@_);
499 my ($text, $line, $paragraph) = @_;
501 ($file, $line) = $paragraph->file_line;
503 $text = " $text" if ($text =~ /^\S/);
504 warn qq($file:$line: Unknown command paragraph "=$command$text"\n);
509 # Called for a verbatim paragraph. Gets the paragraph, the line number, and a
510 # Pod::Paragraph object. Rofficate backslashes, untabify, put a zero-width
511 # character at the beginning of each line to protect against commands, and
515 return if $$self{EXCLUDE};
519 my $lines = tr/\n/\n/;
520 1 while s/^(.*?)(\t+)/$1 . ' ' x (length ($2) * 8 - length ($1) % 8)/me;
522 s/^(\s*\S)/'\&' . $1/gme;
524 $self->output (".Vb $lines\n$_.Ve\n");
525 $$self{NEEDSPACE} = 0;
528 # Called for a regular text block. Gets the paragraph, the line number, and a
529 # Pod::Paragraph object. Perform interpolation and output the results.
532 return if $$self{EXCLUDE};
533 $self->output ($_[0]), return if $$self{VERBATIM};
535 # Parse the tree. collapse knows about references to scalars as well as
536 # scalars and does the right thing with them. Tidy up any trailing
539 $text = $self->parse ($text, @_);
540 $text =~ s/\n\s*$/\n/;
542 # Output the paragraph. We also have to handle =over without =item. If
543 # there's an =over without =item, NEWINDENT will be set, and we need to
544 # handle creation of the indent here. Set WEIRDINDENT so that it will be
545 # cleaned up on =back.
547 if ($$self{NEWINDENT}) {
548 $self->output (".RS $$self{INDENT}\n");
549 $$self{WEIRDINDENT} = 1;
550 $$self{NEWINDENT} = 0;
552 $self->output (protect $self->textmapfonts ($text));
554 $$self{NEEDSPACE} = 1;
557 # Called for an interior sequence. Takes a Pod::InteriorSequence object and
558 # returns a reference to a scalar. This scalar is the final formatted text.
559 # It's returned as a reference so that other interior sequences above us know
560 # that the text has already been processed.
562 my ($self, $seq) = @_;
563 my $command = $seq->cmd_name;
565 # We have to defer processing of the inside of an L<> formatting code. If
566 # this sequence is nested inside an L<> sequence, return the literal raw
568 my $parent = $seq->nested;
569 while (defined $parent) {
570 return $seq->raw_text if ($parent->cmd_name eq 'L');
571 $parent = $parent->nested;
574 # Zero-width characters.
575 if ($command eq 'Z') {
576 # Workaround to generate a blessable reference, needed by 5.005.
578 return bless \ "$tmp", 'Pod::Man::String';
581 # C<>, L<>, X<>, and E<> don't apply guesswork to their contents. C<>
582 # needs some additional special handling.
583 my $literal = ($command =~ /^[CELX]$/);
584 $literal++ if $command eq 'C';
585 local $_ = $self->collapse ($seq->parse_tree, $literal);
587 # Handle E<> escapes. Numeric escapes that match one of the supported ISO
588 # 8859-1 characters don't work at present.
589 if ($command eq 'E') {
591 return bless \ chr ($_), 'Pod::Man::String';
592 } elsif (exists $ESCAPES{$_}) {
593 return bless \ "$ESCAPES{$_}", 'Pod::Man::String';
595 my ($file, $line) = $seq->file_line;
596 warn "$file:$line: Unknown escape E<$_>\n";
597 return bless \ "E<$_>", 'Pod::Man::String';
601 # For all the other sequences, empty content produces no output.
602 return '' if $_ eq '';
604 # Handle formatting sequences.
605 if ($command eq 'B') {
606 return bless \ ('\f(BS' . $_ . '\f(BE'), 'Pod::Man::String';
607 } elsif ($command eq 'F') {
608 return bless \ ('\f(IS' . $_ . '\f(IE'), 'Pod::Man::String';
609 } elsif ($command eq 'I') {
610 return bless \ ('\f(IS' . $_ . '\f(IE'), 'Pod::Man::String';
611 } elsif ($command eq 'C') {
612 # A bug in lvalue subs in 5.6 requires the temporary variable.
613 my $tmp = $self->quote_literal ($_);
614 return bless \ "$tmp", 'Pod::Man::String';
618 if ($command eq 'L') {
619 my ($text, $type) = (parselink ($_))[1,4];
620 return '' unless $text;
621 my ($file, $line) = $seq->file_line;
622 $text = $self->parse ($text, $line);
623 $text = '<' . $text . '>' if $type eq 'url';
624 return bless \ "$text", 'Pod::Man::String';
627 # Whitespace protection replaces whitespace with "\ ".
628 if ($command eq 'S') {
630 return bless \ "$_", 'Pod::Man::String';
633 # Add an index entry to the list of ones waiting to be output.
634 if ($command eq 'X') { push (@{ $$self{INDEX} }, $_); return '' }
636 # Anything else is unknown.
637 my ($file, $line) = $seq->file_line;
638 warn "$file:$line: Unknown sequence $command<$_>\n";
642 ##############################################################################
644 ##############################################################################
646 # All command paragraphs take the paragraph and the line number.
648 # First level heading. We can't output .IX in the NAME section due to a bug
649 # in some versions of catman, so don't output a .IX for that section. .SH
650 # already uses small caps, so remove any E<> sequences that would cause them.
653 local $_ = $self->parse (@_);
657 if ($$self{ITEMS} > 1) {
659 $self->output (".PD\n");
661 $self->output ($self->switchquotes ('.SH', $self->mapfonts ($_)));
662 $self->outindex (($_ eq 'NAME') ? () : ('Header', $_));
663 $$self{NEEDSPACE} = 0;
666 # Second level heading.
669 local $_ = $self->parse (@_);
672 if ($$self{ITEMS} > 1) {
674 $self->output (".PD\n");
676 $self->output ($self->switchquotes ('.Sh', $self->mapfonts ($_)));
677 $self->outindex ('Subsection', $_);
678 $$self{NEEDSPACE} = 0;
681 # Third level heading.
684 local $_ = $self->parse (@_);
687 if ($$self{ITEMS} > 1) {
689 $self->output (".PD\n");
692 $self->output ($self->switchquotes ('.I', $self->mapfonts ($_)));
693 $self->outindex ('Subsection', $_);
694 $$self{NEEDSPACE} = 1;
697 # Fourth level heading.
700 local $_ = $self->parse (@_);
703 if ($$self{ITEMS} > 1) {
705 $self->output (".PD\n");
708 $self->output ($self->textmapfonts ($_) . "\n");
709 $self->outindex ('Subsection', $_);
710 $$self{NEEDSPACE} = 1;
713 # Start a list. For indents after the first, wrap the outside indent in .RS
714 # so that hanging paragraph tags will be correct.
718 unless (/^[-+]?\d+\s+$/) { $_ = $$self{indent} }
719 if (@{ $$self{INDENTS} } > 0 && !$$self{WEIRDINDENT}) {
720 $self->output (".RS $$self{INDENT}\n");
722 push (@{ $$self{INDENTS} }, $$self{INDENT});
723 $$self{INDENT} = ($_ + 0);
724 $$self{NEWINDENT} = 1;
727 # End a list. If we've closed an embedded indent, we've mangled the hanging
728 # paragraph indent, so temporarily replace it with .RS and set WEIRDINDENT.
729 # We'll close that .RS at the next =back or =item.
732 $$self{INDENT} = pop @{ $$self{INDENTS} };
733 unless (defined $$self{INDENT}) {
734 my ($file, $line, $paragraph) = @_;
735 ($file, $line) = $paragraph->file_line;
736 warn "$file:$line: Unmatched =back\n";
739 if ($$self{WEIRDINDENT}) {
740 $self->output (".RE\n");
741 $$self{WEIRDINDENT} = 0;
743 if (@{ $$self{INDENTS} } > 0) {
744 $self->output (".RE\n");
745 $self->output (".RS $$self{INDENT}\n");
746 $$self{WEIRDINDENT} = 1;
748 $$self{NEEDSPACE} = 1;
749 $$self{NEWINDENT} = 0;
752 # An individual list item. Emit an index entry for anything that's
753 # interesting, but don't emit index entries for things like bullets and
754 # numbers. rofficate bullets too while we're at it (so for nice output, use *
755 # for your lists rather than o or . or - or some other thing). Newlines in an
756 # item title are turned into spaces since *roff can't handle them embedded.
759 local $_ = $self->parse (@_);
763 if (/\w/ && !/^\w[.\)]\s*$/) {
765 $index =~ s/^\s*[-*+o.]?(?:\s+|\Z)//;
768 s/^\*(\s|\Z)/\\\(bu$1/;
769 if ($$self{WEIRDINDENT}) {
770 $self->output (".RE\n");
771 $$self{WEIRDINDENT} = 0;
773 $_ = $self->textmapfonts ($_);
774 $self->output (".PD 0\n") if ($$self{ITEMS} == 1);
775 $self->output ($self->switchquotes ('.IP', $_, $$self{INDENT}));
776 $self->outindex ($index ? ('Item', $index) : ());
777 $$self{NEEDSPACE} = 0;
779 $$self{NEWINDENT} = 0;
782 # Begin a block for a particular translator. Setting VERBATIM triggers
783 # special handling in textblock().
787 my ($kind) = /^(\S+)/ or return;
788 if ($kind eq 'man' || $kind eq 'roff') {
789 $$self{VERBATIM} = 1;
795 # End a block for a particular translator. We assume that all =begin/=end
796 # pairs are properly closed.
800 $$self{VERBATIM} = 0;
803 # One paragraph for a particular translator. Ignore it unless it's intended
804 # for man or roff, in which case we output it verbatim.
808 return unless s/^(?:man|roff)\b[ \t]*\n?//;
813 ##############################################################################
814 # Escaping and fontification
815 ##############################################################################
817 # At this point, we'll have embedded font codes of the form \f(<font>[SE]
818 # where <font> is one of B, I, or F. Turn those into the right font start or
819 # end codes. The old pod2man didn't get B<someI<thing> else> right; after I<>
820 # it switched back to normal text rather than bold. We take care of this by
821 # using variables as a combined pointer to our current font sequence, and set
822 # each to the number of current nestings of start tags for that font. Use
823 # them as a vector to look up what font sequence to use.
825 # \fP changes to the previous font, but only one previous font is kept. We
826 # don't know what the outside level font is; normally it's R, but if we're
827 # inside a heading it could be something else. So arrange things so that the
828 # outside font is always the "previous" font and end with \fP instead of \fR.
829 # Idea from Zack Weinberg.
834 my ($fixed, $bold, $italic) = (0, 0, 0);
835 my %magic = (F => \$fixed, B => \$bold, I => \$italic);
840 if ($last ne '\fR') { $sequence = '\fP' }
841 ${ $magic{$1} } += ($2 eq 'S') ? 1 : -1;
842 $f = $$self{FONTS}{($fixed && 1) . ($bold && 1) . ($italic && 1)};
846 if ($f ne '\fR') { $sequence .= $f }
854 # Unfortunately, there is a bug in Solaris 2.6 nroff (not present in GNU
855 # groff) where the sequence \fB\fP\f(CW\fP leaves the font set to B rather
856 # than R, presumably because \f(CW doesn't actually do a font change. To work
857 # around this, use a separate textmapfonts for text blocks where the default
858 # font is always R and only use the smart mapfonts for headings.
863 my ($fixed, $bold, $italic) = (0, 0, 0);
864 my %magic = (F => \$fixed, B => \$bold, I => \$italic);
866 ${ $magic{$1} } += ($2 eq 'S') ? 1 : -1;
867 $$self{FONTS}{($fixed && 1) . ($bold && 1) . ($italic && 1)};
873 ##############################################################################
874 # *roff-specific parsing and magic
875 ##############################################################################
877 # Called instead of parse_text, calls parse_text with the right flags.
880 $self->parse_text ({ -expand_seq => 'sequence',
881 -expand_ptree => 'collapse' }, @_);
884 # Takes a parse tree and a flag saying whether or not to treat it as literal
885 # text (not call guesswork on it), and returns the concatenation of all of the
886 # text strings in that parse tree. If the literal flag isn't true,
887 # guesswork() will be called on all plain scalars in the parse tree.
888 # Otherwise, just escape backslashes in the normal case. If collapse is being
889 # called on a C<> sequence, literal is set to 2, and we do some additional
890 # cleanup. Assumes that everything in the parse tree is either a scalar or a
891 # reference to a scalar.
893 my ($self, $ptree, $literal) = @_;
895 return join ('', map {
899 s/\\/\\e/g if $literal > 1;
900 s/-/\\-/g if $literal > 1;
901 s/__/_\\|_/g if $literal > 1;
906 return join ('', map {
907 ref ($_) ? $$_ : $self->guesswork ($_)
912 # Takes a text block to perform guesswork on; this is guaranteed not to
913 # contain any interior sequences. Returns the text block with remapping done.
918 # rofficate backslashes.
921 # Ensure double underbars have a tiny space between them.
924 # Leave hyphens only if they're part of regular words and there is only
925 # one dash at a time. Leave a dash after the first character as a regular
926 # non-breaking dash, but don't let it mark the rest of the word invalid
930 ( (?:\G|^|\s) [a-zA-Z] ) ( \\- )?
931 ( (?: [a-zA-Z]+ \\-)+ )
932 ( [a-zA-Z]+ ) (?=\s|\Z)
935 my ($prefix, $hyphen, $main, $suffix) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
938 $prefix . $hyphen . $main . $suffix;
941 # Translate -- into a real em dash if it's used like one.
942 s{ (\s) \\-\\- (\s) } { $1 . '\*(--' . $2 }egx;
943 s{ (\b[a-zA-Z]+) \\-\\- (\s|\Z|[a-zA-Z]+\b) } { $1 . '\*(--' . $2 }egx;
945 # Make all caps a little smaller. Be careful here, since we don't want to
946 # make @ARGV into small caps, nor do we want to fix the MIME in
947 # MIME-Version, since it looks weird with the full-height V.
949 ( ^ | [\s\(\"\'\`\[\{<>] )
950 ( [A-Z] [A-Z] (?: [/A-Z+:\d_\$&] | \\- )* )
951 (?= [\s>\}\]\(\)\'\".?!,;] | \\*\(-- | $ )
952 } { $1 . '\s-1' . $2 . '\s0' }egx;
954 # Italize functions in the form func().
958 [A-Za-z_] ([:\w]|\\s-?[01])+ \(\)
960 } { $1 . '\f(IS' . $2 . '\f(IE' }egx;
962 # func(n) is a reference to a manual page. Make it \fIfunc\fR\|(n).
965 ( [A-Za-z_] (?:[.:\w]|\\-|\\s-?[01])+ )
969 } { $1 . '\f(IS' . $2 . '\f(IE\|' . $3 }egx;
971 # Convert simple Perl variable references to a fixed-width font.
976 } { $1 . '\f(FS' . $2 . '\f(FE'}egx;
978 # Fix up double quotes.
979 s{ \" ([^\"]+) \" } { '\*(L"' . $1 . '\*(R"' }egx;
981 # Make C++ into \*(C+, which is a squinched version.
982 s{ \b C\+\+ } {\\*\(C+}gx;
988 # Handles C<> text, deciding whether to put \*C` around it or not. This is a
989 # whole bunch of messy heuristics to try to avoid overquoting, originally from
990 # Barrie Slaymaker. This largely duplicates similar code in Pod::Text.
995 # A regex that matches the portion of a variable reference that's the
996 # array or hash index, separated out just because we want to use it in
997 # several places in the following regex.
998 my $index = '(?: \[.*\] | \{.*\} )?';
1000 # Check for things that we don't want to quote, and if we find any of
1001 # them, return the string with just a font change and no quoting.
1005 ( [\'\`\"] ) .* \1 # already quoted
1006 | \` .* \' # `quoted'
1007 | \$+ [\#^]? \S $index # special ($^Foo, $")
1008 | [\$\@%&*]+ \#? [:\'\w]+ $index # plain var or func
1009 | [\$\@%&*]* [:\'\w]+ (?: -> )? \(\s*[^\s,]\s*\) # 0/1-arg func call
1010 | [+-]? [\d.]+ (?: [eE] [+-]? \d+ )? # a number
1011 | 0x [a-fA-F\d]+ # a hex constant
1014 }xo && return '\f(FS' . $_ . '\f(FE';
1016 # If we didn't return, go ahead and quote the text.
1017 return '\f(FS\*(C`' . $_ . "\\*(C'\\f(FE";
1021 ##############################################################################
1023 ##############################################################################
1025 # Make vertical whitespace.
1028 $self->output (".PD\n") if ($$self{ITEMS} > 1);
1030 $self->output ($$self{INDENT} > 0 ? ".Sp\n" : ".PP\n")
1031 if $$self{NEEDSPACE};
1034 # Output any pending index entries, and optionally an index entry given as an
1035 # argument. Support multiple index entries in X<> separated by slashes, and
1036 # strip special escapes from index entries.
1038 my ($self, $section, $index) = @_;
1039 my @entries = map { split m%\s*/\s*% } @{ $$self{INDEX} };
1040 return unless ($section || @entries);
1044 $output = '.IX Xref "'
1045 . join (' ', map { s/\"/\"\"/; $_ } @entries)
1049 $index =~ s/\"/\"\"/;
1050 $index =~ s/\\-/-/g;
1051 $index =~ s/\\(?:s-?\d|.\(..|.)//g;
1052 $output .= ".IX $section " . '"' . $index . '"' . "\n";
1054 $self->output ($output);
1057 # Output text to the output device.
1058 sub output { print { $_[0]->output_handle } $_[1] }
1060 # Given a command and a single argument that may or may not contain double
1061 # quotes, handle double-quote formatting for it. If there are no double
1062 # quotes, just return the command followed by the argument in double quotes.
1063 # If there are double quotes, use an if statement to test for nroff, and for
1064 # nroff output the command followed by the argument in double quotes with
1065 # embedded double quotes doubled. For other formatters, remap paired double
1066 # quotes to LQUOTE and RQUOTE.
1069 my $command = shift;
1072 s/\\\*\([LR]\"/\"/g;
1074 # We also have to deal with \*C` and \*C', which are used to add the
1075 # quotes around C<> text, since they may expand to " and if they do this
1076 # confuses the .SH macros and the like no end. Expand them ourselves. If
1077 # $extra is set, we're dealing with =item, which in most nroff macro sets
1078 # requires an extra level of quoting of double quotes because it passes
1079 # the argument off to .TP.
1080 my $c_is_quote = ($$self{LQUOTE} =~ /\"/) || ($$self{RQUOTE} =~ /\"/);
1081 if (/\"/ || /\\f\(CW/) {
1085 $troff =~ s/\"\"([^\"]*)\"\"/\`\`$1\'\'/g;
1086 if ($c_is_quote && /\\\*\(C[\'\`]/) {
1087 $nroff =~ s/\\\*\(C\`/$$self{LQUOTE}/g;
1088 $nroff =~ s/\\\*\(C\'/$$self{RQUOTE}/g;
1089 $troff =~ s/\\\*\(C[\'\`]//g;
1091 $nroff = qq("$nroff") . ($extra ? " $extra" : '');
1092 $troff = qq("$troff") . ($extra ? " $extra" : '');
1094 # Work around the Solaris nroff bug where \f(CW\fP leaves the font set
1095 # to Roman rather than the actual previous font when used in headings.
1096 # troff output may still be broken, but at least we can fix nroff by
1097 # just stripping out the font changes since fixed-width fonts don't
1098 # mean anything for nroff. While we're at it, also remove the font
1099 # changes for nroff in =item tags, since they're unnecessary.
1100 $nroff =~ s/\\f\(CW(.*)\\f[PR]/$1/g;
1102 # Now finally output the command. Only bother with .ie if the nroff
1103 # and troff output isn't the same.
1104 if ($nroff ne $troff) {
1105 return ".ie n $command $nroff\n.el $command $troff\n";
1107 return "$command $nroff\n";
1110 $_ = qq("$_") . ($extra ? " $extra" : '');
1111 return "$command $_\n";
1117 .\" These are some extra bits of roff that I don't want to lose track of but
1118 .\" that have been removed from the preamble to make it a bit shorter since
1119 .\" they're not currently being used. They're accents and special characters
1120 .\" we don't currently have escapes for.
1127 . ds ? \s-2c\h'-\w'c'u*7/10'\u\h'\*(#H'\zi\d\s+2\h'\w'c'u*8/10'
1128 . ds ! \s-2\(or\s+2\h'-\w'\(or'u'\v'-.8m'.\v'.8m'
1129 . ds q o\h'-\w'o'u*8/10'\s-4\v'.4m'\z\(*i\v'-.4m'\s+4\h'\w'o'u*8/10'
1131 .ds v \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\v'-\*(#V'\*(#[\s-4v\s0\v'\*(#V'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
1132 .ds _ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H+(\*(#F*2/3))'\v'-.4m'\z\(hy\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
1133 .ds . \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)'\v'\*(#V*4/10'\z.\v'-\*(#V*4/10'\h'|\\n:u'
1134 .ds 3 \*(#[\v'.2m'\s-2\&3\s0\v'-.2m'\*(#]
1135 .ds oe o\h'-(\w'o'u*4/10)'e
1136 .ds Oe O\h'-(\w'O'u*4/10)'E
1137 .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
1139 . ds v \h'-1'\o'\(aa\(ga'
1147 ##############################################################################
1149 ##############################################################################
1153 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
1158 my $parser = Pod::Man->new (release => $VERSION, section => 8);
1160 # Read POD from STDIN and write to STDOUT.
1161 $parser->parse_from_filehandle;
1163 # Read POD from file.pod and write to file.1.
1164 $parser->parse_from_file ('file.pod', 'file.1');
1168 Pod::Man is a module to convert documentation in the POD format (the
1169 preferred language for documenting Perl) into *roff input using the man
1170 macro set. The resulting *roff code is suitable for display on a terminal
1171 using L<nroff(1)>, normally via L<man(1)>, or printing using L<troff(1)>.
1172 It is conventionally invoked using the driver script B<pod2man>, but it can
1173 also be used directly.
1175 As a derived class from Pod::Parser, Pod::Man supports the same methods and
1176 interfaces. See L<Pod::Parser> for all the details; briefly, one creates a
1177 new parser with C<Pod::Man-E<gt>new()> and then calls either
1178 parse_from_filehandle() or parse_from_file().
1180 new() can take options, in the form of key/value pairs that control the
1181 behavior of the parser. See below for details.
1183 If no options are given, Pod::Man uses the name of the input file with any
1184 trailing C<.pod>, C<.pm>, or C<.pl> stripped as the man page title, to
1185 section 1 unless the file ended in C<.pm> in which case it defaults to
1186 section 3, to a centered title of "User Contributed Perl Documentation", to
1187 a centered footer of the Perl version it is run with, and to a left-hand
1188 footer of the modification date of its input (or the current date if given
1191 Pod::Man assumes that your *roff formatters have a fixed-width font named
1192 CW. If yours is called something else (like CR), use the C<fixed> option to
1193 specify it. This generally only matters for troff output for printing.
1194 Similarly, you can set the fonts used for bold, italic, and bold italic
1197 Besides the obvious pod conversions, Pod::Man also takes care of formatting
1198 func(), func(3), and simple variable references like $foo or @bar so you
1199 don't have to use code escapes for them; complex expressions like
1200 C<$fred{'stuff'}> will still need to be escaped, though. It also translates
1201 dashes that aren't used as hyphens into en dashes, makes long dashes--like
1202 this--into proper em dashes, fixes "paired quotes," makes C++ and PI look
1203 right, puts a little space between double underbars, makes ALLCAPS a teeny
1204 bit smaller in B<troff>, and escapes stuff that *roff treats as special so
1205 that you don't have to.
1207 The recognized options to new() are as follows. All options take a single
1214 Sets the centered page header to use instead of "User Contributed Perl
1219 Sets the left-hand footer. By default, the modification date of the input
1220 file will be used, or the current date if stat() can't find that file (the
1221 case if the input is from STDIN), and the date will be formatted as
1226 The fixed-width font to use for vertabim text and code. Defaults to CW.
1227 Some systems may want CR instead. Only matters for B<troff> output.
1231 Bold version of the fixed-width font. Defaults to CB. Only matters for
1236 Italic version of the fixed-width font (actually, something of a misnomer,
1237 since most fixed-width fonts only have an oblique version, not an italic
1238 version). Defaults to CI. Only matters for B<troff> output.
1240 =item fixedbolditalic
1242 Bold italic (probably actually oblique) version of the fixed-width font.
1243 Pod::Man doesn't assume you have this, and defaults to CB. Some systems
1244 (such as Solaris) have this font available as CX. Only matters for B<troff>
1249 Set the name of the manual page. Without this option, the manual name is
1250 set to the uppercased base name of the file being converted unless the
1251 manual section is 3, in which case the path is parsed to see if it is a Perl
1252 module path. If it is, a path like C<.../lib/Pod/Man.pm> is converted into
1253 a name like C<Pod::Man>. This option, if given, overrides any automatic
1254 determination of the name.
1258 Sets the quote marks used to surround CE<lt>> text. If the value is a
1259 single character, it is used as both the left and right quote; if it is two
1260 characters, the first character is used as the left quote and the second as
1261 the right quoted; and if it is four characters, the first two are used as
1262 the left quote and the second two as the right quote.
1264 This may also be set to the special value C<none>, in which case no quote
1265 marks are added around CE<lt>> text (but the font is still changed for troff
1270 Set the centered footer. By default, this is the version of Perl you run
1271 Pod::Man under. Note that some system an macro sets assume that the
1272 centered footer will be a modification date and will prepend something like
1273 "Last modified: "; if this is the case, you may want to set C<release> to
1274 the last modified date and C<date> to the version number.
1278 Set the section for the C<.TH> macro. The standard section numbering
1279 convention is to use 1 for user commands, 2 for system calls, 3 for
1280 functions, 4 for devices, 5 for file formats, 6 for games, 7 for
1281 miscellaneous information, and 8 for administrator commands. There is a lot
1282 of variation here, however; some systems (like Solaris) use 4 for file
1283 formats, 5 for miscellaneous information, and 7 for devices. Still others
1284 use 1m instead of 8, or some mix of both. About the only section numbers
1285 that are reliably consistent are 1, 2, and 3.
1287 By default, section 1 will be used unless the file ends in .pm in which case
1288 section 3 will be selected.
1292 The standard Pod::Parser method parse_from_filehandle() takes up to two
1293 arguments, the first being the file handle to read POD from and the second
1294 being the file handle to write the formatted output to. The first defaults
1295 to STDIN if not given, and the second defaults to STDOUT. The method
1296 parse_from_file() is almost identical, except that its two arguments are the
1297 input and output disk files instead. See L<Pod::Parser> for the specific
1304 =item roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s"
1306 (F) You specified a *roff font (using C<fixed>, C<fixedbold>, etc.) that
1307 wasn't either one or two characters. Pod::Man doesn't support *roff fonts
1308 longer than two characters, although some *roff extensions do (the canonical
1309 versions of B<nroff> and B<troff> don't either).
1311 =item Invalid link %s
1313 (W) The POD source contained a C<LE<lt>E<gt>> sequence that Pod::Man was
1314 unable to parse. You should never see this error message; it probably
1315 indicates a bug in Pod::Man.
1317 =item Invalid quote specification "%s"
1319 (F) The quote specification given (the quotes option to the constructor) was
1320 invalid. A quote specification must be one, two, or four characters long.
1322 =item %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s".
1324 (W) The POD source contained a non-standard command paragraph (something of
1325 the form C<=command args>) that Pod::Man didn't know about. It was ignored.
1327 =item %s:%d: Unknown escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>
1329 (W) The POD source contained an C<EE<lt>E<gt>> escape that Pod::Man didn't
1330 know about. C<EE<lt>%sE<gt>> was printed verbatim in the output.
1332 =item %s:%d: Unknown sequence %s
1334 (W) The POD source contained a non-standard interior sequence (something of
1335 the form C<XE<lt>E<gt>>) that Pod::Man didn't know about. It was ignored.
1337 =item %s:%d: Unmatched =back
1339 (W) Pod::Man encountered a C<=back> command that didn't correspond to an
1346 The lint-like features and strict POD format checking done by B<pod2man> are
1347 not yet implemented and should be, along with the corresponding C<lax>
1350 The NAME section should be recognized specially and index entries emitted
1351 for everything in that section. This would have to be deferred until the
1352 next section, since extraneous things in NAME tends to confuse various man
1355 The handling of hyphens and em dashes is somewhat fragile, and one may get
1356 the wrong one under some circumstances. This should only matter for
1359 When and whether to use small caps is somewhat tricky, and Pod::Man doesn't
1360 necessarily get it right.
1362 Pod::Man doesn't handle font names longer than two characters. Neither do
1363 most B<troff> implementations, but GNU troff does as an extension. It would
1364 be nice to support as an option for those who want to use it.
1366 The preamble added to each output file is rather verbose, and most of it is
1367 only necessary in the presence of EE<lt>E<gt> escapes for non-ASCII
1368 characters. It would ideally be nice if all of those definitions were only
1369 output if needed, perhaps on the fly as the characters are used.
1371 Pod::Man is excessively slow.
1375 L<Pod::Parser>, L<perlpod(1)>, L<pod2man(1)>, L<nroff(1)>, L<troff(1)>,
1376 L<man(1)>, L<man(7)>
1378 Ossanna, Joseph F., and Brian W. Kernighan. "Troff User's Manual,"
1379 Computing Science Technical Report No. 54, AT&T Bell Laboratories. This is
1380 the best documentation of standard B<nroff> and B<troff>. At the time of
1381 this writing, it's available at
1382 L<http://www.cs.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/cstr.html>.
1384 The man page documenting the man macro set may be L<man(5)> instead of
1385 L<man(7)> on your system. Also, please see L<pod2man(1)> for extensive
1386 documentation on writing manual pages if you've not done it before and
1387 aren't familiar with the conventions.
1391 Russ Allbery <rra@stanford.edu>, based I<very> heavily on the original
1392 B<pod2man> by Tom Christiansen <tchrist@mox.perl.com>.
1394 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
1396 Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001 by Russ Allbery <rra@stanford.edu>.
1398 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
1399 under the same terms as Perl itself.