11 use Mouse::Util 'blessed';
13 use Mouse::Meta::Attribute;
14 use Mouse::Meta::Class;
16 use Mouse::TypeRegistry;
18 our @EXPORT = qw(extends has before after around blessed confess with);
20 sub extends { Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller)->superclasses(@_) }
23 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
26 $names = [$names] if !ref($names);
28 for my $name (@$names) {
29 if ($name =~ s/^\+//) {
30 Mouse::Meta::Attribute->clone_parent($meta, $name, @_);
33 Mouse::Meta::Attribute->create($meta, $name, @_);
39 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
44 $meta->add_before_method_modifier($_ => $code);
49 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
54 $meta->add_after_method_modifier($_ => $code);
59 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
64 $meta->add_around_method_modifier($_ => $code);
69 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
72 my $args = shift || {};
74 confess "Mouse::Role only supports 'with' on individual roles at a time" if @_ || !ref $args;
76 Mouse::load_class($role);
77 $role->meta->apply($meta, %$args);
86 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
87 $meta->superclasses('Mouse::Object')
88 unless $meta->superclasses;
91 no warnings 'redefine';
92 *{$caller.'::meta'} = sub { $meta };
94 Mouse->export_to_level(1, @_);
101 for my $keyword (@EXPORT) {
102 delete ${ $caller . '::' }{$keyword};
109 if (ref($class) || !defined($class) || !length($class)) {
110 my $display = defined($class) ? $class : 'undef';
111 confess "Invalid class name ($display)";
114 return 1 if is_class_loaded($class);
116 (my $file = "$class.pm") =~ s{::}{/}g;
118 eval { CORE::require($file) };
119 confess "Could not load class ($class) because : $@" if $@;
124 sub is_class_loaded {
127 return 0 if ref($class) || !defined($class) || !length($class);
129 # walk the symbol table tree to avoid autovififying
130 # \*{${main::}{"Foo::"}} == \*main::Foo::
133 foreach my $part (split('::', $class)) {
134 return 0 unless exists ${$$pack}{"${part}::"};
135 $pack = \*{${$$pack}{"${part}::"}};
138 # check for $VERSION or @ISA
139 return 1 if exists ${$$pack}{VERSION}
140 && defined *{${$$pack}{VERSION}}{SCALAR};
141 return 1 if exists ${$$pack}{ISA}
142 && defined *{${$$pack}{ISA}}{ARRAY};
144 # check for any method
145 foreach ( keys %{$$pack} ) {
146 next if substr($_, -2, 2) eq '::';
147 return 1 if defined *{${$$pack}{$_}}{CODE};
160 Mouse - Moose minus the antlers
165 use Mouse; # automatically turns on strict and warnings
167 has 'x' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int');
168 has 'y' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int');
181 has 'z' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int');
183 after 'clear' => sub {
190 L<Moose> is wonderful.
192 Unfortunately, it's a little slow. Though significant progress has been made
193 over the years, the compile time penalty is a non-starter for some
196 Mouse aims to alleviate this by providing a subset of Moose's
197 functionality, faster. In particular, L<Moose/has> is missing only a few
198 expert-level features.
200 We're also going as light on dependencies as possible. Most functions we use
201 from L<Scalar::Util> are copied into this dist. L<Scalar::Util> is required if
202 you'd like weak references; there's simply no way to do it from pure Perl.
203 L<Class::Method::Modifiers> is required if you want support for L</before>,
204 L</after>, and L</around>.
208 Compatibility with Moose has been the utmost concern. Fewer than 1% of the
209 tests fail when run against Moose instead of Mouse. Mouse code coverage is also
210 over 96%. Even the error messages are taken from Moose. The Mouse code just
211 runs the test suite 4x faster.
213 The idea is that, if you need the extra power, you should be able to run
214 C<s/Mouse/Moose/g> on your codebase and have nothing break. To that end,
215 nothingmuch has written L<Squirrel> (part of this distribution) which will act
216 as Mouse unless Moose is loaded, in which case it will act as Moose.
218 Mouse also has the blessings of Moose's author, stevan.
220 =head2 MISSING FEATURES
224 We're working on fixing this one! stevan has suggested an implementation
225 strategy. Mouse currently ignores methods, so that needs to be fixed next.
226 Roles that consist entirely of attributes may be usable in this very version.
230 User-defined type constraints and parameterized types may be implemented. Type
231 coercions probably not (patches welcome).
233 =head3 Bootstrapped meta world
235 Very handy for extensions to the MOP. Not pressing, but would be nice to have.
237 =head3 Modification of attribute metaclass
239 When you declare an attribute with L</has>, you get the inlined accessors
240 installed immediately. Modifying the attribute metaclass, even if possible,
249 =head2 meta -> Mouse::Meta::Class
251 Returns this class' metaclass instance.
253 =head2 extends superclasses
255 Sets this class' superclasses.
257 =head2 before (method|methods) => Code
259 Installs a "before" method modifier. See L<Moose/before> or
260 L<Class::Method::Modifiers/before>.
262 Use of this feature requires L<Class::Method::Modifiers>!
264 =head2 after (method|methods) => Code
266 Installs an "after" method modifier. See L<Moose/after> or
267 L<Class::Method::Modifiers/after>.
269 Use of this feature requires L<Class::Method::Modifiers>!
271 =head2 around (method|methods) => Code
273 Installs an "around" method modifier. See L<Moose/around> or
274 L<Class::Method::Modifiers/around>.
276 Use of this feature requires L<Class::Method::Modifiers>!
278 =head2 has (name|names) => parameters
280 Adds an attribute (or if passed an arrayref of names, multiple attributes) to
287 If specified, inlines a read-only/read-write accessor with the same name as
290 =item isa => TypeConstraint
292 Provides basic type checking in the constructor and accessor. Basic types such
293 as C<Int>, C<ArrayRef>, C<Defined> are supported. Any unknown type is taken to
294 be a class check (e.g. isa => 'DateTime' would accept only L<DateTime>
297 =item required => 0|1
299 Whether this attribute is required to have a value. If the attribute is lazy or
300 has a builder, then providing a value for the attribute in the constructor is
303 =item init_arg => Str | Undef
305 Allows you to use a different key name in the constructor. If undef, the
306 attribue can't be passed to the constructor.
308 =item default => Value | CodeRef
310 Sets the default value of the attribute. If the default is a coderef, it will
311 be invoked to get the default value. Due to quirks of Perl, any bare reference
312 is forbidden, you must wrap the reference in a coderef. Otherwise, all
313 instances will share the same reference.
317 If specified, the default is calculated on demand instead of in the
320 =item predicate => Str
322 Lets you specify a method name for installing a predicate method, which checks
323 that the attribute has a value. It will not invoke a lazy default or builder
328 Lets you specify a method name for installing a clearer method, which clears
329 the attribute's value from the instance. On the next read, lazy or builder will
332 =item handles => HashRef|ArrayRef
334 Lets you specify methods to delegate to the attribute. ArrayRef forwards the
335 given method names to method calls on the attribute. HashRef maps local method
336 names to remote method names called on the attribute. Other forms of
337 L</handles>, such as regular expression and coderef, are not yet supported.
339 =item weak_ref => 0|1
341 Lets you automatically weaken any reference stored in the attribute.
343 Use of this feature requires L<Scalar::Util>!
345 =item trigger => CodeRef
347 Any time the attribute's value is set (either through the accessor or the constructor), the trigger is called on it. The trigger receives as arguments the instance, the new value, and the attribute instance.
349 Mouse 0.05 supported more complex triggers, but this behavior is now removed.
353 Defines a method name to be called to provide the default value of the
354 attribute. C<< builder => 'build_foo' >> is mostly equivalent to
355 C<< default => sub { $_[0]->build_foo } >>.
357 =item auto_deref => 0|1
359 Allows you to automatically dereference ArrayRef and HashRef attributes in list
360 context. In scalar context, the reference is returned (NOT the list length or
361 bucket status). You must specify an appropriate type constraint to use
364 =item lazy_build => 0|1
366 Automatically define lazy => 1 as well as builder => "_build_$attr", clearer =>
367 "clear_$attr', predicate => 'has_$attr' unless they are already defined.
371 =head2 confess error -> BOOM
373 L<Carp/confess> for your convenience.
375 =head2 blessed value -> ClassName | undef
377 L<Scalar::Util/blessed> for your convenience.
383 Importing Mouse will default your class' superclass list to L<Mouse::Object>.
384 You may use L</extends> to replace the superclass list.
388 Please unimport Mouse (C<no Mouse>) so that if someone calls one of the
389 keywords (such as L</extends>) it will break loudly instead breaking subtly.
393 =head2 load_class Class::Name
395 This will load a given C<Class::Name> (or die if it's not loadable).
396 This function can be used in place of tricks like
397 C<eval "use $module"> or using C<require>.
399 =head2 is_class_loaded Class::Name -> Bool
401 Returns whether this class is actually loaded or not. It uses a heuristic which
402 involves checking for the existence of C<$VERSION>, C<@ISA>, and any
403 locally-defined method.
407 Shawn M Moore, C<< <sartak at gmail.com> >>
409 Yuval Kogman, C<< <nothingmuch at woobling.org> >>
411 with plenty of code borrowed from L<Class::MOP> and L<Moose>
417 Please report any bugs through RT: email
418 C<bug-mouse at rt.cpan.org>, or browse
419 L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=Mouse>.
421 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
423 Copyright 2008 Shawn M Moore.
425 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
426 under the same terms as Perl itself.