13 if ($ENV{MOUSE_DEBUG}) {
21 use Scalar::Util 'blessed';
24 use Mouse::Meta::Attribute;
25 use Mouse::Meta::Class;
27 use Mouse::TypeRegistry;
29 our @EXPORT = qw(extends has before after around blessed confess with);
31 sub extends { Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller)->superclasses(@_) }
34 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
37 $names = [$names] if !ref($names);
39 for my $name (@$names) {
40 if ($name =~ s/^\+//) {
41 Mouse::Meta::Attribute->clone_parent($meta, $name, @_);
44 Mouse::Meta::Attribute->create($meta, $name, @_);
50 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
55 $meta->add_before_method_modifier($_ => $code);
60 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
65 $meta->add_after_method_modifier($_ => $code);
70 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize(caller);
75 $meta->add_around_method_modifier($_ => $code);
80 Mouse::Util::apply_all_roles((caller)[0], @_);
91 my $meta = Mouse::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
92 $meta->superclasses('Mouse::Object')
93 unless $meta->superclasses;
96 no warnings 'redefine';
97 *{$caller.'::meta'} = sub { $meta };
100 __PACKAGE__->export_to_level( 1, $class, @_);
102 # shortcut for the common case of no type character
104 for my $keyword (@EXPORT) {
105 *{ $caller . '::' . $keyword } = *{__PACKAGE__ . '::' . $keyword};
114 for my $keyword (@EXPORT) {
115 delete ${ $caller . '::' }{$keyword};
122 if (ref($class) || !defined($class) || !length($class)) {
123 my $display = defined($class) ? $class : 'undef';
124 confess "Invalid class name ($display)";
127 return 1 if $class eq 'Mouse::Object';
128 return 1 if is_class_loaded($class);
130 (my $file = "$class.pm") =~ s{::}{/}g;
132 eval { CORE::require($file) };
133 confess "Could not load class ($class) because : $@" if $@;
138 sub is_class_loaded {
141 return 0 if ref($class) || !defined($class) || !length($class);
143 # walk the symbol table tree to avoid autovififying
144 # \*{${main::}{"Foo::"}} == \*main::Foo::
147 foreach my $part (split('::', $class)) {
148 return 0 unless exists ${$$pack}{"${part}::"};
149 $pack = \*{${$$pack}{"${part}::"}};
152 # check for $VERSION or @ISA
153 return 1 if exists ${$$pack}{VERSION}
154 && defined *{${$$pack}{VERSION}}{SCALAR};
155 return 1 if exists ${$$pack}{ISA}
156 && defined *{${$$pack}{ISA}}{ARRAY};
158 # check for any method
159 foreach ( keys %{$$pack} ) {
160 next if substr($_, -2, 2) eq '::';
161 return 1 if defined *{${$$pack}{$_}}{CODE};
174 Mouse - Moose minus the antlers
179 use Mouse; # automatically turns on strict and warnings
181 has 'x' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int');
182 has 'y' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int');
195 has 'z' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int');
197 after 'clear' => sub {
204 L<Moose> is wonderful.
206 Unfortunately, it's a little slow. Though significant progress has been made
207 over the years, the compile time penalty is a non-starter for some
210 Mouse aims to alleviate this by providing a subset of Moose's
211 functionality, faster. In particular, L<Moose/has> is missing only a few
212 expert-level features.
214 We're also going as light on dependencies as possible. Most functions we use
215 from L<Scalar::Util> are copied into this dist. L<Scalar::Util> is required if
216 you'd like weak references; there's simply no way to do it from pure Perl.
217 L<Class::Method::Modifiers> is required if you want support for L</before>,
218 L</after>, and L</around>.
222 Compatibility with Moose has been the utmost concern. Fewer than 1% of the
223 tests fail when run against Moose instead of Mouse. Mouse code coverage is also
224 over 96%. Even the error messages are taken from Moose. The Mouse code just
225 runs the test suite 4x faster.
227 The idea is that, if you need the extra power, you should be able to run
228 C<s/Mouse/Moose/g> on your codebase and have nothing break. To that end,
229 nothingmuch has written L<Squirrel> (part of this distribution) which will act
230 as Mouse unless Moose is loaded, in which case it will act as Moose.
232 Mouse also has the blessings of Moose's author, stevan.
234 =head2 MISSING FEATURES
238 We're working on fixing this one! stevan has suggested an implementation
239 strategy. Mouse currently ignores methods, so that needs to be fixed next.
240 Roles that consist entirely of attributes may be usable in this very version.
244 User-defined type constraints and parameterized types may be implemented. Type
245 coercions probably not (patches welcome).
247 =head3 Bootstrapped meta world
249 Very handy for extensions to the MOP. Not pressing, but would be nice to have.
251 =head3 Modification of attribute metaclass
253 When you declare an attribute with L</has>, you get the inlined accessors
254 installed immediately. Modifying the attribute metaclass, even if possible,
263 =head2 meta -> Mouse::Meta::Class
265 Returns this class' metaclass instance.
267 =head2 extends superclasses
269 Sets this class' superclasses.
271 =head2 before (method|methods) => Code
273 Installs a "before" method modifier. See L<Moose/before> or
274 L<Class::Method::Modifiers/before>.
276 Use of this feature requires L<Class::Method::Modifiers>!
278 =head2 after (method|methods) => Code
280 Installs an "after" method modifier. See L<Moose/after> or
281 L<Class::Method::Modifiers/after>.
283 Use of this feature requires L<Class::Method::Modifiers>!
285 =head2 around (method|methods) => Code
287 Installs an "around" method modifier. See L<Moose/around> or
288 L<Class::Method::Modifiers/around>.
290 Use of this feature requires L<Class::Method::Modifiers>!
292 =head2 has (name|names) => parameters
294 Adds an attribute (or if passed an arrayref of names, multiple attributes) to
301 If specified, inlines a read-only/read-write accessor with the same name as
304 =item isa => TypeConstraint
306 Provides basic type checking in the constructor and accessor. Basic types such
307 as C<Int>, C<ArrayRef>, C<Defined> are supported. Any unknown type is taken to
308 be a class check (e.g. isa => 'DateTime' would accept only L<DateTime>
311 =item required => 0|1
313 Whether this attribute is required to have a value. If the attribute is lazy or
314 has a builder, then providing a value for the attribute in the constructor is
317 =item init_arg => Str | Undef
319 Allows you to use a different key name in the constructor. If undef, the
320 attribue can't be passed to the constructor.
322 =item default => Value | CodeRef
324 Sets the default value of the attribute. If the default is a coderef, it will
325 be invoked to get the default value. Due to quirks of Perl, any bare reference
326 is forbidden, you must wrap the reference in a coderef. Otherwise, all
327 instances will share the same reference.
331 If specified, the default is calculated on demand instead of in the
334 =item predicate => Str
336 Lets you specify a method name for installing a predicate method, which checks
337 that the attribute has a value. It will not invoke a lazy default or builder
342 Lets you specify a method name for installing a clearer method, which clears
343 the attribute's value from the instance. On the next read, lazy or builder will
346 =item handles => HashRef|ArrayRef
348 Lets you specify methods to delegate to the attribute. ArrayRef forwards the
349 given method names to method calls on the attribute. HashRef maps local method
350 names to remote method names called on the attribute. Other forms of
351 L</handles>, such as regular expression and coderef, are not yet supported.
353 =item weak_ref => 0|1
355 Lets you automatically weaken any reference stored in the attribute.
357 Use of this feature requires L<Scalar::Util>!
359 =item trigger => CodeRef
361 Any time the attribute's value is set (either through the accessor or the constructor), the trigger is called on it. The trigger receives as arguments the instance, the new value, and the attribute instance.
363 Mouse 0.05 supported more complex triggers, but this behavior is now removed.
367 Defines a method name to be called to provide the default value of the
368 attribute. C<< builder => 'build_foo' >> is mostly equivalent to
369 C<< default => sub { $_[0]->build_foo } >>.
371 =item auto_deref => 0|1
373 Allows you to automatically dereference ArrayRef and HashRef attributes in list
374 context. In scalar context, the reference is returned (NOT the list length or
375 bucket status). You must specify an appropriate type constraint to use
378 =item lazy_build => 0|1
380 Automatically define lazy => 1 as well as builder => "_build_$attr", clearer =>
381 "clear_$attr', predicate => 'has_$attr' unless they are already defined.
385 =head2 confess error -> BOOM
387 L<Carp/confess> for your convenience.
389 =head2 blessed value -> ClassName | undef
391 L<Scalar::Util/blessed> for your convenience.
397 Importing Mouse will default your class' superclass list to L<Mouse::Object>.
398 You may use L</extends> to replace the superclass list.
402 Please unimport Mouse (C<no Mouse>) so that if someone calls one of the
403 keywords (such as L</extends>) it will break loudly instead breaking subtly.
407 =head2 load_class Class::Name
409 This will load a given C<Class::Name> (or die if it's not loadable).
410 This function can be used in place of tricks like
411 C<eval "use $module"> or using C<require>.
413 =head2 is_class_loaded Class::Name -> Bool
415 Returns whether this class is actually loaded or not. It uses a heuristic which
416 involves checking for the existence of C<$VERSION>, C<@ISA>, and any
417 locally-defined method.
421 Shawn M Moore, C<< <sartak at gmail.com> >>
423 Yuval Kogman, C<< <nothingmuch at woobling.org> >>
425 with plenty of code borrowed from L<Class::MOP> and L<Moose>
431 Please report any bugs through RT: email
432 C<bug-mouse at rt.cpan.org>, or browse
433 L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=Mouse>.
435 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
437 Copyright 2008 Shawn M Moore.
439 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
440 under the same terms as Perl itself.