7 our $VERSION = '0.009014'; # 0.9.13
8 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
10 sub Moo::HandleMoose::AuthorityHack::DESTROY {
11 require Moo::HandleMoose;
12 Moo::HandleMoose->import;
15 if ($INC{"Moose.pm"}) {
16 require Moo::HandleMoose;
17 Moo::HandleMoose->import;
19 $Moose::AUTHORITY = bless({}, 'Moo::HandleMoose::AuthorityHack');
28 return if $MAKERS{$target}; # already exported into this package
29 *{_getglob("${target}::extends")} = sub {
30 _load_module($_) for @_;
31 # Can't do *{...} = \@_ or 5.10.0's mro.pm stops seeing @ISA
32 @{*{_getglob("${target}::ISA")}{ARRAY}} = @_;
34 *{_getglob("${target}::with")} = sub {
36 die "Only one role supported at a time by with" if @_ > 1;
37 Moo::Role->apply_role_to_package($target, $_[0]);
39 $MAKERS{$target} = {};
40 *{_getglob("${target}::has")} = sub {
41 my ($name, %spec) = @_;
42 ($MAKERS{$target}{accessor} ||= do {
43 require Method::Generate::Accessor;
44 Method::Generate::Accessor->new
45 })->generate_method($target, $name, \%spec);
46 $class->_constructor_maker_for($target)
47 ->register_attribute_specs($name, \%spec);
49 foreach my $type (qw(before after around)) {
50 *{_getglob "${target}::${type}"} = sub {
51 require Class::Method::Modifiers;
52 _install_modifier($target, $type, @_);
57 @{"${target}::ISA"} = do {
58 require Moo::Object; ('Moo::Object');
59 } unless @{"${target}::ISA"};
61 if ($INC{'Moo/HandleMoose.pm'}) {
62 Moo::HandleMoose::inject_fake_metaclass_for($target);
66 sub _constructor_maker_for {
67 my ($class, $target, $select_super) = @_;
68 return unless $MAKERS{$target};
69 $MAKERS{$target}{constructor} ||= do {
70 require Method::Generate::Constructor;
72 my ($moo_constructor, $con);
74 if ($select_super && $MAKERS{$select_super}) {
76 $con = $MAKERS{$select_super}{constructor};
78 my $t_new = $target->can('new');
80 if ($t_new == Moo::Object->can('new')) {
82 } elsif (my $defer_target = (Sub::Defer::defer_info($t_new)||[])->[0]) {
83 my ($pkg) = ($defer_target =~ /^(.*)::[^:]+$/);
86 $con = $MAKERS{$pkg}{constructor};
90 $moo_constructor = 1; # no other constructor, make a Moo one
93 Method::Generate::Constructor
96 accessor_generator => do {
97 require Method::Generate::Accessor;
98 Method::Generate::Accessor->new;
100 construction_string => (
102 ? ($con ? $con->construction_string : undef)
103 : ('$class->'.$target.'::SUPER::new(@_)')
105 subconstructor_generator => (
106 $class.'->_constructor_maker_for($class,'.perlstring($target).')'
110 ->register_attribute_specs(%{$con?$con->all_attribute_specs:{}})
121 Moo - Minimalist Object Orientation (with Moose compatiblity)
132 my $amount = shift || 1;
134 $self->pounds( $self->pounds - $amount );
144 die "Only SWEET-TREATZ supported!" unless $_[0] eq 'SWEET-TREATZ'
150 isa => quote_sub q{ die "$_[0] is too much cat food!" unless $_[0] < 15 },
157 my $full = Cat::Food->new(
158 taste => 'DELICIOUS.',
159 brand => 'SWEET-TREATZ',
169 This module is an extremely light-weight, high-performance L<Moose> replacement.
170 It also avoids depending on any XS modules to allow simple deployments. The
171 name C<Moo> is based on the idea that it provides almost -but not quite- two
174 Unlike C<Mouse> this module does not aim at full L<Moose> compatibility. See
175 L</INCOMPATIBILITIES> for more details.
177 =head1 WHY MOO EXISTS
179 If you want a full object system with a rich Metaprotocol, L<Moose> is
182 I've tried several times to use L<Mouse> but it's 3x the size of Moo and
183 takes longer to load than most of my Moo based CGI scripts take to run.
185 If you don't want L<Moose>, you don't want "less metaprotocol" like L<Mouse>,
186 you want "as little as possible" - which means "no metaprotocol", which is
189 By Moo 1.0 I intend to have Moo's equivalent of L<Any::Moose> built in -
190 if Moose gets loaded, any Moo class or role will act as a Moose equivalent
193 Hence - Moo exists as its name - Minimal Object Orientation - with a pledge
194 to make it smooth to upgrade to L<Moose> when you need more than minimal
197 =head1 IMPORTED METHODS
201 Foo::Bar->new( attr1 => 3 );
205 Foo::Bar->new({ attr1 => 3 });
209 around BUILDARGS => sub {
211 my ( $class, @args ) = @_;
213 unshift @args, "attr1" if @args % 2 == 1;
215 return $class->$orig(@args);
220 The default implementation of this method accepts a hash or hash reference of
221 named parameters. If it receives a single argument that isn't a hash reference
224 You can override this method in your class to handle other types of options
225 passed to the constructor.
227 This method should always return a hash reference of named options.
231 Define a C<BUILD> method on your class and the constructor will automatically
232 call the C<BUILD> method from parent down to child after the object has
233 been instantiated. Typically this is used for object validation or possibly
238 If you have a C<DEMOLISH> method anywhere in your inheritance hierarchy,
239 a C<DESTROY> method is created on first object construction which will call
240 C<< $instance->DEMOLISH($in_global_destruction) >> for each C<DEMOLISH>
241 method from child upwards to parents.
243 Note that the C<DESTROY> method is created on first construction of an object
244 of your class in order to not add overhead to classes without C<DEMOLISH>
245 methods; this may prove slightly surprising if you try and define your own.
249 if ($foo->does('Some::Role1')) {
253 Returns true if the object composes in the passed role.
255 =head1 IMPORTED SUBROUTINES
259 extends 'Parent::Class';
261 Declares base class. Multiple superclasses can be passed for multiple
262 inheritance (but please use roles instead).
264 Calling extends more than once will REPLACE your superclasses, not add to
265 them like 'use base' would.
272 Composes a L<Role::Tiny> into current class. Only one role may be composed in
273 at a time to allow the code to remain as simple as possible.
281 Declares an attribute for the class.
283 The options for C<has> are as follows:
289 B<required>, must be C<ro> or C<rw>. Unsurprisingly, C<ro> generates an
290 accessor that will not respond to arguments; to be clear: a getter only. C<rw>
291 will create a perlish getter/setter.
295 Takes a coderef which is meant to validate the attribute. Unlike L<Moose> Moo
296 does not include a basic type system, so instead of doing C<< isa => 'Num' >>,
300 die "$_[0] is not a number!" unless looks_like_number $_[0]
303 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
307 Takes a coderef which is meant to coerce the attribute. The basic idea is to
308 do something like the following:
310 coerce => quote_sub q{
311 $_[0] + 1 unless $_[0] % 2
314 Coerce does not require C<isa> to be defined.
316 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
322 handles => 'RobotRole'
324 Where C<RobotRole> is a role (L<Moo::Role>) that defines an interface which
325 becomes the list of methods to handle.
327 Takes a list of methods
329 handles => [ qw( one two ) ]
339 Takes a coderef which will get called any time the attribute is set. Coderef
340 will be invoked against the object with the new value as an argument.
342 Note that Moose also passes the old value, if any; this feature is not yet
345 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
349 Takes a coderef which will get called with $self as its only argument
350 to populate an attribute if no value is supplied to the constructor - or
351 if the attribute is lazy, when the attribute is first retrieved if no
352 value has yet been provided.
354 Note that if your default is fired during new() there is no guarantee that
355 other attributes have been populated yet so you should not rely on their
358 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
362 Takes a method name which will return true if an attribute has a value.
364 A common example of this would be to call it C<has_$foo>, implying that the
365 object has a C<$foo> set.
369 Takes a method name which will be called to create the attribute - functions
370 exactly like default except that instead of calling
380 Takes a method name which will clear the attribute.
384 B<Boolean>. Set this if you want values for the attribute to be grabbed
385 lazily. This is usually a good idea if you have a L</builder> which requires
386 another attribute to be set.
390 B<Boolean>. Set this if the attribute must be passed on instantiation.
394 The value of this attribute will be the name of the method to get the value of
395 the attribute. If you like Java style methods, you might set this to
400 The value of this attribute will be the name of the method to set the value of
401 the attribute. If you like Java style methods, you might set this to
406 B<Boolean>. Set this if you want the reference that the attribute contains to
407 be weakened; use this when circular references are possible, which will cause
412 Takes the name of the key to look for at instantiation time of the object. A
413 common use of this is to make an underscored attribute have a non-underscored
414 initialization name. C<undef> means that passing the value in on instantiation
420 before foo => sub { ... };
422 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/before method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
427 around foo => sub { ... };
429 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/around method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
434 after foo => sub { ... };
436 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/after method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
439 =head1 SUB QUOTE AWARE
441 L<Sub::Quote/quote_sub> allows us to create coderefs that are "inlineable,"
442 giving us a handy, XS-free speed boost. Any option that is L<Sub::Quote>
443 aware can take advantage of this.
445 =head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES WITH MOOSE
447 You can only compose one role at a time. If your application is large or
448 complex enough to warrant complex composition, you wanted L<Moose>. Note that
449 this does not mean you can only compose one role per class -
454 is absolutely fine, there's just currently no equivalent of Moose's
456 with 'FirstRole', 'SecondRole';
458 which composes the two roles together, and then applies them.
460 There is no built in type system. C<isa> is verified with a coderef, if you
461 need complex types, just make a library of coderefs, or better yet, functions
462 that return quoted subs. L<MooX::Types::MooseLike> provides a similar API
463 to L<MooseX::Types::Moose> so that you can write
465 has days_to_live => (is => 'ro', isa => Int);
467 and have it work with both; it is hoped that providing only subrefs as an
468 API will encourage the use of other type systems as well, since it's
469 probably the weakest part of Moose design-wise.
471 C<initializer> is not supported in core since the author considers it to be a
472 bad idea but may be supported by an extension in future.
474 There is no meta object. If you need this level of complexity you wanted
475 L<Moose> - Moo succeeds at being small because it explicitly does not
476 provide a metaprotocol.
478 No support for C<super>, C<override>, C<inner>, or C<augment> - override can
479 be handled by around albeit with a little more typing, and the author considers
480 augment to be a bad idea.
482 The C<dump> method is not provided by default. The author suggests loading
483 L<Devel::Dwarn> into C<main::> (via C<perl -MDevel::Dwarn ...> for example) and
484 using C<$obj-E<gt>$::Dwarn()> instead.
486 L</default> only supports coderefs, because doing otherwise is usually a
489 C<lazy_build> is not supported per se, but of course it will work if you
490 manually set all the options it implies.
492 C<auto_deref> is not supported since the author considers it a bad idea.
494 C<documentation> is not supported since it's a very poor replacement for POD.
496 Handling of warnings: when you C<use Moo> we enable FATAL warnings. The nearest
497 similar invocation for L<Moose> would be:
500 use warnings FATAL => "all";
502 Additionally, L<Moo> supports a set of attribute option shortcuts intended to
503 reduce common boilerplate. The set of shortcuts is the same as in the L<Moose>
504 module L<MooseX::AttributeShortcuts>. So if you:
509 The nearest L<Moose> invocation would be:
514 use warnings FATAL => "all";
515 use MooseX::AttributeShortcuts;
517 or, if you're inheriting from a non-Moose class,
522 use MooseX::NonMoose;
523 use warnings FATAL => "all";
524 use MooseX::AttributeShortcuts;
526 Finally, Moose requires you to call
528 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;
530 at the end of your class to get an inlined (i.e. not horribly slow)
531 constructor. Moo does it automatically the first time ->new is called
536 mst - Matt S. Trout (cpan:MSTROUT) <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>
540 dg - David Leadbeater (cpan:DGL) <dgl@dgl.cx>
542 frew - Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt (cpan:FREW) <frioux@gmail.com>
544 hobbs - Andrew Rodland (cpan:ARODLAND) <arodland@cpan.org>
546 jnap - John Napiorkowski (cpan:JJNAPIORK) <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
548 ribasushi - Peter Rabbitson (cpan:RIBASUSHI) <ribasushi@cpan.org>
550 chip - Chip Salzenberg (cpan:CHIPS) <chip@pobox.com>
552 ajgb - Alex J. G. BurzyĆski (cpan:AJGB) <ajgb@cpan.org>
554 doy - Jesse Luehrs (cpan:DOY) <doy at tozt dot net>
556 perigrin - Chris Prather (cpan:PERIGRIN) <chris@prather.org>
560 Copyright (c) 2010-2011 the Moo L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
565 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms