7 our $VERSION = '0.009012'; # 0.9.12
8 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
16 return if $MAKERS{$target}; # already exported into this package
17 *{_getglob("${target}::extends")} = sub {
18 _load_module($_) for @_;
19 # Can't do *{...} = \@_ or 5.10.0's mro.pm stops seeing @ISA
20 @{*{_getglob("${target}::ISA")}{ARRAY}} = @_;
22 *{_getglob("${target}::with")} = sub {
23 { local $@; require Moo::Role; }
24 die "Only one role supported at a time by with" if @_ > 1;
25 Moo::Role->apply_role_to_package($target, $_[0]);
27 $MAKERS{$target} = {};
28 *{_getglob("${target}::has")} = sub {
29 my ($name, %spec) = @_;
30 ($MAKERS{$target}{accessor} ||= do {
31 { local $@; require Method::Generate::Accessor; }
32 Method::Generate::Accessor->new
33 })->generate_method($target, $name, \%spec);
34 $class->_constructor_maker_for($target)
35 ->register_attribute_specs($name, \%spec);
37 foreach my $type (qw(before after around)) {
38 *{_getglob "${target}::${type}"} = sub {
39 { local $@; require Class::Method::Modifiers; }
40 _install_modifier($target, $type, @_);
45 @{"${target}::ISA"} = do {
46 {; local $@; require Moo::Object; } ('Moo::Object');
47 } unless @{"${target}::ISA"};
51 sub _constructor_maker_for {
52 my ($class, $target, $select_super) = @_;
53 return unless $MAKERS{$target};
54 $MAKERS{$target}{constructor} ||= do {
57 require Method::Generate::Constructor;
60 my ($moo_constructor, $con);
62 if ($select_super && $MAKERS{$select_super}) {
64 $con = $MAKERS{$select_super}{constructor};
66 my $t_new = $target->can('new');
68 if ($t_new == Moo::Object->can('new')) {
70 } elsif (my $defer_target = (Sub::Defer::defer_info($t_new)||[])->[0]) {
71 my ($pkg) = ($defer_target =~ /^(.*)::[^:]+$/);
74 $con = $MAKERS{$pkg}{constructor};
78 $moo_constructor = 1; # no other constructor, make a Moo one
81 Method::Generate::Constructor
84 accessor_generator => do {
85 { local $@; require Method::Generate::Accessor; }
86 Method::Generate::Accessor->new;
88 construction_string => (
90 ? ($con ? $con->construction_string : undef)
91 : ('$class->'.$target.'::SUPER::new(@_)')
93 subconstructor_generator => (
94 $class.'->_constructor_maker_for($class,'.perlstring($target).')'
98 ->register_attribute_specs(%{$con?$con->all_attribute_specs:{}})
109 Moo - Minimalist Object Orientation (with Moose compatiblity)
120 my $amount = shift || 1;
122 $self->pounds( $self->pounds - $amount );
132 die "Only SWEET-TREATZ supported!" unless $_[0] eq 'SWEET-TREATZ'
138 isa => quote_sub q{ die "$_[0] is too much cat food!" unless $_[0] < 15 },
145 my $full = Cat::Food->new(
146 taste => 'DELICIOUS.',
147 brand => 'SWEET-TREATZ',
157 This module is an extremely light-weight, high-performance L<Moose> replacement.
158 It also avoids depending on any XS modules to allow simple deployments. The
159 name C<Moo> is based on the idea that it provides almost -but not quite- two
162 Unlike C<Mouse> this module does not aim at full L<Moose> compatibility. See
163 L</INCOMPATIBILITIES> for more details.
165 =head1 WHY MOO EXISTS
167 If you want a full object system with a rich Metaprotocol, L<Moose> is
170 I've tried several times to use L<Mouse> but it's 3x the size of Moo and
171 takes longer to load than most of my Moo based CGI scripts take to run.
173 If you don't want L<Moose>, you don't want "less metaprotocol" like L<Mouse>,
174 you want "as little as possible" - which means "no metaprotocol", which is
177 By Moo 1.0 I intend to have Moo's equivalent of L<Any::Moose> built in -
178 if Moose gets loaded, any Moo class or role will act as a Moose equivalent
181 Hence - Moo exists as its name - Minimal Object Orientation - with a pledge
182 to make it smooth to upgrade to L<Moose> when you need more than minimal
185 =head1 IMPORTED METHODS
189 Foo::Bar->new( attr1 => 3 );
193 Foo::Bar->new({ attr1 => 3 });
197 around BUILDARGS => sub {
199 my ( $class, @args ) = @_;
201 unshift @args, "attr1" if @args % 2 == 1;
203 return $class->$orig(@args);
208 The default implementation of this method accepts a hash or hash reference of
209 named parameters. If it receives a single argument that isn't a hash reference
212 You can override this method in your class to handle other types of options
213 passed to the constructor.
215 This method should always return a hash reference of named options.
219 Don't override (or probably even call) this method. Instead, you can define
220 a C<BUILD> method on your class and the constructor will automatically call the
221 C<BUILD> method from parent down to child after the object has been
222 instantiated. Typically this is used for object validation or possibly logging.
226 If you have a C<DEMOLISH> method anywhere in your inheritance hierarchy,
227 a C<DESTROY> method is created on first object construction which will call
228 C<< $instance->DEMOLISH($in_global_destruction) >> for each C<DEMOLISH>
229 method from child upwards to parents.
231 Note that the C<DESTROY> method is created on first construction of an object
232 of your class in order to not add overhead to classes without C<DEMOLISH>
233 methods; this may prove slightly surprising if you try and define your own.
237 if ($foo->does('Some::Role1')) {
241 Returns true if the object composes in the passed role.
243 =head1 IMPORTED SUBROUTINES
247 extends 'Parent::Class';
249 Declares base class. Multiple superclasses can be passed for multiple
250 inheritance (but please use roles instead).
252 Calling extends more than once will REPLACE your superclasses, not add to
253 them like 'use base' would.
260 Composes a L<Role::Tiny> into current class. Only one role may be composed in
261 at a time to allow the code to remain as simple as possible.
269 Declares an attribute for the class.
271 The options for C<has> are as follows:
277 B<required>, must be C<ro> or C<rw>. Unsurprisingly, C<ro> generates an
278 accessor that will not respond to arguments; to be clear: a getter only. C<rw>
279 will create a perlish getter/setter.
283 Takes a coderef which is meant to validate the attribute. Unlike L<Moose> Moo
284 does not include a basic type system, so instead of doing C<< isa => 'Num' >>,
288 die "$_[0] is not a number!" unless looks_like_number $_[0]
291 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
295 Takes a coderef which is meant to coerce the attribute. The basic idea is to
296 do something like the following:
298 coerce => quote_sub q{
299 $_[0] + 1 unless $_[0] % 2
302 Coerce does not require C<isa> to be defined.
304 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
310 handles => 'RobotRole'
312 Where C<RobotRole> is a role (L<Moo::Role>) that defines an interface which
313 becomes the list of methods to handle.
315 Takes a list of methods
317 handles => [ qw( one two ) ]
327 Takes a coderef which will get called any time the attribute is set. Coderef
328 will be invoked against the object with the new value as an argument.
330 Note that Moose also passes the old value, if any; this feature is not yet
333 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
337 Takes a coderef which will get called with $self as its only argument
338 to populate an attribute if no value is supplied to the constructor - or
339 if the attribute is lazy, when the attribute is first retrieved if no
340 value has yet been provided.
342 Note that if your default is fired during new() there is no guarantee that
343 other attributes have been populated yet so you should not rely on their
346 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
350 Takes a method name which will return true if an attribute has a value.
352 A common example of this would be to call it C<has_$foo>, implying that the
353 object has a C<$foo> set.
357 Takes a method name which will be called to create the attribute - functions
358 exactly like default except that instead of calling
368 Takes a method name which will clear the attribute.
372 B<Boolean>. Set this if you want values for the attribute to be grabbed
373 lazily. This is usually a good idea if you have a L</builder> which requires
374 another attribute to be set.
378 B<Boolean>. Set this if the attribute must be passed on instantiation.
382 The value of this attribute will be the name of the method to get the value of
383 the attribute. If you like Java style methods, you might set this to
388 The value of this attribute will be the name of the method to set the value of
389 the attribute. If you like Java style methods, you might set this to
394 B<Boolean>. Set this if you want the reference that the attribute contains to
395 be weakened; use this when circular references are possible, which will cause
400 Takes the name of the key to look for at instantiation time of the object. A
401 common use of this is to make an underscored attribute have a non-underscored
402 initialization name. C<undef> means that passing the value in on instantiation
408 before foo => sub { ... };
410 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/before method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
415 around foo => sub { ... };
417 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/around method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
422 after foo => sub { ... };
424 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/after method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
427 =head1 SUB QUOTE AWARE
429 L<Sub::Quote/quote_sub> allows us to create coderefs that are "inlineable,"
430 giving us a handy, XS-free speed boost. Any option that is L<Sub::Quote>
431 aware can take advantage of this.
433 =head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES WITH MOOSE
435 You can only compose one role at a time. If your application is large or
436 complex enough to warrant complex composition, you wanted L<Moose>.
438 There is no complex type system. C<isa> is verified with a coderef, if you
439 need complex types, just make a library of coderefs, or better yet, functions
440 that return quoted subs.
442 C<initializer> is not supported in core since the author considers it to be a
443 bad idea but may be supported by an extension in future.
445 There is no meta object. If you need this level of complexity you wanted
446 L<Moose> - Moo succeeds at being small because it explicitly does not
447 provide a metaprotocol.
449 No support for C<super>, C<override>, C<inner>, or C<augment> - override can
450 be handled by around albeit with a little more typing, and the author considers
451 augment to be a bad idea.
453 L</default> only supports coderefs, because doing otherwise is usually a
456 C<lazy_build> is not supported per se, but of course it will work if you
457 manually set all the options it implies.
459 C<auto_deref> is not supported since the author considers it a bad idea.
461 C<documentation> is not supported since it's a very poor replacement for POD.
463 Handling of warnings: when you C<use Moo> we enable FATAL warnings. The nearest
464 similar invocation for L<Moose> would be:
467 use warnings FATAL => "all";
469 Additionally, L<Moo> supports a set of attribute option shortcuts intended to
470 reduce common boilerplate. The set of shortcuts is the same as in the L<Moose>
471 module L<MooseX::AttributeShortcuts>. So if you:
476 The nearest L<Moose> invocation would be:
481 use warnings FATAL => "all";
482 use MooseX::AttributeShortcuts;
486 mst - Matt S. Trout (cpan:MSTROUT) <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>
490 dg - David Leadbeater (cpan:DGL) <dgl@dgl.cx>
492 frew - Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt (cpan:FREW) <frioux@gmail.com>
494 hobbs - Andrew Rodland (cpan:ARODLAND) <arodland@cpan.org>
496 jnap - John Napiorkowski (cpan:JJNAPIORK) <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
498 ribasushi - Peter Rabbitson (cpan:RIBASUSHI) <ribasushi@cpan.org>
500 chip - Chip Salzenberg (cpan:CHIPS) <chip@pobox.com>
502 ajgb - Alex J. G. BurzyĆski (cpan:AJGB) <ajgb@cpan.org>
504 doy - Jesse Luehrs (cpan:DOY) <doy at tozt dot net>
508 Copyright (c) 2010-2011 the Moo L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
513 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms