7 our $VERSION = '0.009_016'; # 0.9.16
8 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
10 require Moo::sification;
18 return if $MAKERS{$target}; # already exported into this package
19 *{_getglob("${target}::extends")} = sub {
20 _load_module($_) for @_;
21 # Can't do *{...} = \@_ or 5.10.0's mro.pm stops seeing @ISA
22 @{*{_getglob("${target}::ISA")}{ARRAY}} = @_;
24 *{_getglob("${target}::with")} = sub {
26 Moo::Role->apply_roles_to_package($target, $_[0]);
28 $MAKERS{$target} = {};
29 *{_getglob("${target}::has")} = sub {
30 my ($name, %spec) = @_;
31 ($MAKERS{$target}{accessor} ||= do {
32 require Method::Generate::Accessor;
33 Method::Generate::Accessor->new
34 })->generate_method($target, $name, \%spec);
35 $class->_constructor_maker_for($target)
36 ->register_attribute_specs($name, \%spec);
38 foreach my $type (qw(before after around)) {
39 *{_getglob "${target}::${type}"} = sub {
40 require Class::Method::Modifiers;
41 _install_modifier($target, $type, @_);
46 @{"${target}::ISA"} = do {
47 require Moo::Object; ('Moo::Object');
48 } unless @{"${target}::ISA"};
50 if ($INC{'Moo/HandleMoose.pm'}) {
51 Moo::HandleMoose::inject_fake_metaclass_for($target);
55 sub _constructor_maker_for {
56 my ($class, $target, $select_super) = @_;
57 return unless $MAKERS{$target};
58 $MAKERS{$target}{constructor} ||= do {
59 require Method::Generate::Constructor;
61 my ($moo_constructor, $con);
63 if ($select_super && $MAKERS{$select_super}) {
65 $con = $MAKERS{$select_super}{constructor};
67 my $t_new = $target->can('new');
69 if ($t_new == Moo::Object->can('new')) {
71 } elsif (my $defer_target = (Sub::Defer::defer_info($t_new)||[])->[0]) {
72 my ($pkg) = ($defer_target =~ /^(.*)::[^:]+$/);
75 $con = $MAKERS{$pkg}{constructor};
79 $moo_constructor = 1; # no other constructor, make a Moo one
82 Method::Generate::Constructor
85 accessor_generator => do {
86 require Method::Generate::Accessor;
87 Method::Generate::Accessor->new;
89 construction_string => (
91 ? ($con ? $con->construction_string : undef)
92 : ('$class->'.$target.'::SUPER::new(@_)')
94 subconstructor_generator => (
95 $class.'->_constructor_maker_for($class,'.perlstring($target).')'
99 ->register_attribute_specs(%{$con?$con->all_attribute_specs:{}})
110 Moo - Minimalist Object Orientation (with Moose compatiblity)
121 my $amount = shift || 1;
123 $self->pounds( $self->pounds - $amount );
133 die "Only SWEET-TREATZ supported!" unless $_[0] eq 'SWEET-TREATZ'
139 isa => quote_sub q{ die "$_[0] is too much cat food!" unless $_[0] < 15 },
146 my $full = Cat::Food->new(
147 taste => 'DELICIOUS.',
148 brand => 'SWEET-TREATZ',
158 This module is an extremely light-weight, high-performance L<Moose> replacement.
159 It also avoids depending on any XS modules to allow simple deployments. The
160 name C<Moo> is based on the idea that it provides almost -but not quite- two
163 Unlike C<Mouse> this module does not aim at full L<Moose> compatibility. See
164 L</INCOMPATIBILITIES> for more details.
166 =head1 WHY MOO EXISTS
168 If you want a full object system with a rich Metaprotocol, L<Moose> is
171 I've tried several times to use L<Mouse> but it's 3x the size of Moo and
172 takes longer to load than most of my Moo based CGI scripts take to run.
174 If you don't want L<Moose>, you don't want "less metaprotocol" like L<Mouse>,
175 you want "as little as possible" - which means "no metaprotocol", which is
178 By Moo 1.0 I intend to have Moo's equivalent of L<Any::Moose> built in -
179 if Moose gets loaded, any Moo class or role will act as a Moose equivalent
182 Hence - Moo exists as its name - Minimal Object Orientation - with a pledge
183 to make it smooth to upgrade to L<Moose> when you need more than minimal
186 =head1 IMPORTED METHODS
190 Foo::Bar->new( attr1 => 3 );
194 Foo::Bar->new({ attr1 => 3 });
198 around BUILDARGS => sub {
200 my ( $class, @args ) = @_;
202 unshift @args, "attr1" if @args % 2 == 1;
204 return $class->$orig(@args);
209 The default implementation of this method accepts a hash or hash reference of
210 named parameters. If it receives a single argument that isn't a hash reference
213 You can override this method in your class to handle other types of options
214 passed to the constructor.
216 This method should always return a hash reference of named options.
220 Define a C<BUILD> method on your class and the constructor will automatically
221 call the C<BUILD> method from parent down to child after the object has
222 been instantiated. Typically this is used for object validation or possibly
227 If you have a C<DEMOLISH> method anywhere in your inheritance hierarchy,
228 a C<DESTROY> method is created on first object construction which will call
229 C<< $instance->DEMOLISH($in_global_destruction) >> for each C<DEMOLISH>
230 method from child upwards to parents.
232 Note that the C<DESTROY> method is created on first construction of an object
233 of your class in order to not add overhead to classes without C<DEMOLISH>
234 methods; this may prove slightly surprising if you try and define your own.
238 if ($foo->does('Some::Role1')) {
242 Returns true if the object composes in the passed role.
244 =head1 IMPORTED SUBROUTINES
248 extends 'Parent::Class';
250 Declares base class. Multiple superclasses can be passed for multiple
251 inheritance (but please use roles instead).
253 Calling extends more than once will REPLACE your superclasses, not add to
254 them like 'use base' would.
261 Composes a L<Role::Tiny> into current class. Only one role may be composed in
262 at a time to allow the code to remain as simple as possible.
270 Declares an attribute for the class.
272 The options for C<has> are as follows:
278 B<required>, must be C<ro> or C<rw>. Unsurprisingly, C<ro> generates an
279 accessor that will not respond to arguments; to be clear: a getter only. C<rw>
280 will create a perlish getter/setter.
284 Takes a coderef which is meant to validate the attribute. Unlike L<Moose> Moo
285 does not include a basic type system, so instead of doing C<< isa => 'Num' >>,
289 die "$_[0] is not a number!" unless looks_like_number $_[0]
292 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
296 Takes a coderef which is meant to coerce the attribute. The basic idea is to
297 do something like the following:
299 coerce => quote_sub q{
300 $_[0] + 1 unless $_[0] % 2
303 Coerce does not require C<isa> to be defined.
305 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
311 handles => 'RobotRole'
313 Where C<RobotRole> is a role (L<Moo::Role>) that defines an interface which
314 becomes the list of methods to handle.
316 Takes a list of methods
318 handles => [ qw( one two ) ]
328 Takes a coderef which will get called any time the attribute is set. This
329 includes the constructor. Coderef will be invoked against the object with the
330 new value as an argument.
332 Note that Moose also passes the old value, if any; this feature is not yet
335 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
339 Takes a coderef which will get called with $self as its only argument
340 to populate an attribute if no value is supplied to the constructor - or
341 if the attribute is lazy, when the attribute is first retrieved if no
342 value has yet been provided.
344 Note that if your default is fired during new() there is no guarantee that
345 other attributes have been populated yet so you should not rely on their
348 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
352 Takes a method name which will return true if an attribute has a value.
354 A common example of this would be to call it C<has_$foo>, implying that the
355 object has a C<$foo> set.
359 Takes a method name which will be called to create the attribute - functions
360 exactly like default except that instead of calling
370 Takes a method name which will clear the attribute.
374 B<Boolean>. Set this if you want values for the attribute to be grabbed
375 lazily. This is usually a good idea if you have a L</builder> which requires
376 another attribute to be set.
380 B<Boolean>. Set this if the attribute must be passed on instantiation.
384 The value of this attribute will be the name of the method to get the value of
385 the attribute. If you like Java style methods, you might set this to
390 The value of this attribute will be the name of the method to set the value of
391 the attribute. If you like Java style methods, you might set this to
396 B<Boolean>. Set this if you want the reference that the attribute contains to
397 be weakened; use this when circular references are possible, which will cause
402 Takes the name of the key to look for at instantiation time of the object. A
403 common use of this is to make an underscored attribute have a non-underscored
404 initialization name. C<undef> means that passing the value in on instantiation
410 before foo => sub { ... };
412 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/before method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
417 around foo => sub { ... };
419 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/around method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
424 after foo => sub { ... };
426 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/after method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
429 =head1 SUB QUOTE AWARE
431 L<Sub::Quote/quote_sub> allows us to create coderefs that are "inlineable,"
432 giving us a handy, XS-free speed boost. Any option that is L<Sub::Quote>
433 aware can take advantage of this.
435 =head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES WITH MOOSE
437 You can only compose one role at a time. If your application is large or
438 complex enough to warrant complex composition, you wanted L<Moose>. Note that
439 this does not mean you can only compose one role per class -
444 is absolutely fine, there's just currently no equivalent of Moose's
446 with 'FirstRole', 'SecondRole';
448 which composes the two roles together, and then applies them.
450 There is no built in type system. C<isa> is verified with a coderef, if you
451 need complex types, just make a library of coderefs, or better yet, functions
452 that return quoted subs. L<MooX::Types::MooseLike> provides a similar API
453 to L<MooseX::Types::Moose> so that you can write
455 has days_to_live => (is => 'ro', isa => Int);
457 and have it work with both; it is hoped that providing only subrefs as an
458 API will encourage the use of other type systems as well, since it's
459 probably the weakest part of Moose design-wise.
461 C<initializer> is not supported in core since the author considers it to be a
462 bad idea but may be supported by an extension in future. Meanwhile C<trigger> or
463 C<coerce> are more likely to be able to fulfill your needs.
465 There is no meta object. If you need this level of complexity you wanted
466 L<Moose> - Moo succeeds at being small because it explicitly does not
467 provide a metaprotocol.
469 No support for C<super>, C<override>, C<inner>, or C<augment> - override can
470 be handled by around albeit with a little more typing, and the author considers
471 augment to be a bad idea.
473 The C<dump> method is not provided by default. The author suggests loading
474 L<Devel::Dwarn> into C<main::> (via C<perl -MDevel::Dwarn ...> for example) and
475 using C<$obj-E<gt>$::Dwarn()> instead.
477 L</default> only supports coderefs, because doing otherwise is usually a
480 C<lazy_build> is not supported per se, but of course it will work if you
481 manually set all the options it implies.
483 C<auto_deref> is not supported since the author considers it a bad idea.
485 C<documentation> is not supported since it's a very poor replacement for POD.
487 Handling of warnings: when you C<use Moo> we enable FATAL warnings. The nearest
488 similar invocation for L<Moose> would be:
491 use warnings FATAL => "all";
493 Additionally, L<Moo> supports a set of attribute option shortcuts intended to
494 reduce common boilerplate. The set of shortcuts is the same as in the L<Moose>
495 module L<MooseX::AttributeShortcuts>. So if you:
500 The nearest L<Moose> invocation would be:
505 use warnings FATAL => "all";
506 use MooseX::AttributeShortcuts;
508 or, if you're inheriting from a non-Moose class,
513 use MooseX::NonMoose;
514 use warnings FATAL => "all";
515 use MooseX::AttributeShortcuts;
517 Finally, Moose requires you to call
519 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;
521 at the end of your class to get an inlined (i.e. not horribly slow)
522 constructor. Moo does it automatically the first time ->new is called
527 mst - Matt S. Trout (cpan:MSTROUT) <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>
531 dg - David Leadbeater (cpan:DGL) <dgl@dgl.cx>
533 frew - Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt (cpan:FREW) <frioux@gmail.com>
535 hobbs - Andrew Rodland (cpan:ARODLAND) <arodland@cpan.org>
537 jnap - John Napiorkowski (cpan:JJNAPIORK) <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
539 ribasushi - Peter Rabbitson (cpan:RIBASUSHI) <ribasushi@cpan.org>
541 chip - Chip Salzenberg (cpan:CHIPS) <chip@pobox.com>
543 ajgb - Alex J. G. BurzyĆski (cpan:AJGB) <ajgb@cpan.org>
545 doy - Jesse Luehrs (cpan:DOY) <doy at tozt dot net>
547 perigrin - Chris Prather (cpan:PERIGRIN) <chris@prather.org>
551 Copyright (c) 2010-2011 the Moo L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
556 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms