7 our $VERSION = '0.009008'; # 0.9.8
8 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
16 return if $MAKERS{$target}; # already exported into this package
17 *{_getglob("${target}::extends")} = sub {
18 _load_module($_) for @_;
19 # Can't do *{...} = \@_ or 5.10.0's mro.pm stops seeing @ISA
20 @{*{_getglob("${target}::ISA")}{ARRAY}} = @_;
22 *{_getglob("${target}::with")} = sub {
24 die "Only one role supported at a time by with" if @_ > 1;
25 Moo::Role->apply_role_to_package($target, $_[0]);
27 $MAKERS{$target} = {};
28 *{_getglob("${target}::has")} = sub {
29 my ($name, %spec) = @_;
30 ($MAKERS{$target}{accessor} ||= do {
31 require Method::Generate::Accessor;
32 Method::Generate::Accessor->new
33 })->generate_method($target, $name, \%spec);
34 $class->_constructor_maker_for($target)
35 ->register_attribute_specs($name, \%spec);
37 foreach my $type (qw(before after around)) {
38 *{_getglob "${target}::${type}"} = sub {
39 require Class::Method::Modifiers;
40 _install_modifier($target, $type, @_);
45 @{"${target}::ISA"} = do {
46 require Moo::Object; ('Moo::Object');
47 } unless @{"${target}::ISA"};
51 sub _constructor_maker_for {
52 my ($class, $target, $select_super) = @_;
53 return unless $MAKERS{$target};
54 $MAKERS{$target}{constructor} ||= do {
55 require Method::Generate::Constructor;
57 my ($moo_constructor, $con);
59 if ($select_super && $MAKERS{$select_super}) {
61 $con = $MAKERS{$select_super}{constructor};
63 my $t_new = $target->can('new');
65 if ($t_new == Moo::Object->can('new')) {
67 } elsif (my $defer_target = (Sub::Defer::defer_info($t_new)||[])->[0]) {
68 my ($pkg) = ($defer_target =~ /^(.*)::[^:]+$/);
71 $con = $MAKERS{$pkg}{constructor};
75 $moo_constructor = 1; # no other constructor, make a Moo one
78 Method::Generate::Constructor
81 accessor_generator => do {
82 require Method::Generate::Accessor;
83 Method::Generate::Accessor->new;
85 construction_string => (
87 ? ($con ? $con->construction_string : undef)
88 : ('$class->'.$target.'::SUPER::new(@_)')
90 subconstructor_generator => (
91 $class.'->_constructor_maker_for($class,'.perlstring($target).')'
95 ->register_attribute_specs(%{$con?$con->all_attribute_specs:{}})
103 Moo - Minimalist Object Orientation (with Moose compatiblity)
105 =head1 WARNING WARNING WARNING
107 This is a 0.9 release because we're fairly sure it works. For us. Until it's
108 tested in the wild, we make no guarantees it also works for you.
110 If this module does something unexpected, please submit a failing test.
112 But if it eats your cat, sleeps with your boyfriend, or pushes grandma down
113 the stairs to save her from the terrible secret of space, it's not our fault.
124 my $amount = shift || 1;
126 $self->pounds( $self->pounds - $amount );
136 die "Only SWEET-TREATZ supported!" unless $_[0] eq 'SWEET-TREATZ'
142 isa => quote_sub q{ die "$_[0] is too much cat food!" unless $_[0] < 15 },
149 my $full = Cat::Food->new(
150 taste => 'DELICIOUS.',
151 brand => 'SWEET-TREATZ',
161 This module is an extremely light-weight, high-performance L<Moose> replacement.
162 It also avoids depending on any XS modules to allow simple deployments. The
163 name C<Moo> is based on the idea that it provides almost -but not quite- two
166 Unlike C<Mouse> this module does not aim at full L<Moose> compatibility. See
167 L</INCOMPATIBILITIES> for more details.
169 =head1 WHY MOO EXISTS
171 If you want a full object system with a rich Metaprotocol, L<Moose> is
174 I've tried several times to use L<Mouse> but it's 3x the size of Moo and
175 takes longer to load than most of my Moo based CGI scripts take to run.
177 If you don't want L<Moose>, you don't want "less metaprotocol" like L<Mouse>,
178 you want "as little as possible" - which means "no metaprotocol", which is
181 By Moo 1.0 I intend to have Moo's equivalent of L<Any::Moose> built in -
182 if Moose gets loaded, any Moo class or role will act as a Moose equivalent
185 Hence - Moo exists as its name - Minimal Object Orientation - with a pledge
186 to make it smooth to upgrade to L<Moose> when you need more than minimal
189 =head1 IMPORTED METHODS
193 Foo::Bar->new( attr1 => 3 );
197 Foo::Bar->new({ attr1 => 3 });
201 This feature from Moose is not yet supported.
205 Don't override (or probably even call) this method. Instead, you can define
206 a C<BUILD> method on your class and the constructor will automatically call the
207 C<BUILD> method from parent down to child after the object has been
208 instantiated. Typically this is used for object validation or possibly logging.
212 if ($foo->does('Some::Role1')) {
216 Returns true if the object composes in the passed role.
218 =head1 IMPORTED SUBROUTINES
222 extends 'Parent::Class';
224 Declares base class. Multiple superclasses can be passed for multiple
225 inheritance (but please use roles instead).
227 Calling extends more than once will REPLACE your superclasses, not add to
228 them like 'use base' would.
235 Composes a L<Role::Tiny> into current class. Only one role may be composed in
236 at a time to allow the code to remain as simple as possible.
244 Declares an attribute for the class.
246 The options for C<has> are as follows:
252 B<required>, must be C<ro> or C<rw>. Unsurprisingly, C<ro> generates an
253 accessor that will not respond to arguments; to be clear: a getter only. C<rw>
254 will create a perlish getter/setter.
258 Takes a coderef which is meant to validate the attribute. Unlike L<Moose> Moo
259 does not include a basic type system, so instead of doing C<< isa => 'Num' >>,
263 die "$_[0] is not a number!" unless looks_like_number $_[0]
266 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
270 Takes a coderef which is meant to coerce the attribute. The basic idea is to
271 do something like the following:
273 coerce => quote_sub q{
274 $_[0] + 1 unless $_[0] % 2
277 Coerce does not require C<isa> to be defined.
279 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
283 Takes a coderef which will get called any time the attribute is set. Coderef
284 will be invoked against the object with the new value as an argument.
286 Note that Moose also passes the old value, if any; this feature is not yet
289 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
293 Takes a coderef which will get called with $self as its only argument
294 to populate an attribute if no value is supplied to the constructor - or
295 if the attribute is lazy, when the attribute is first retrieved if no
296 value has yet been provided.
298 Note that if your default is fired during new() there is no guarantee that
299 other attributes have been populated yet so you should not rely on their
302 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
306 Takes a method name which will return true if an attribute has a value.
308 A common example of this would be to call it C<has_$foo>, implying that the
309 object has a C<$foo> set.
313 Takes a method name which will be called to create the attribute - functions
314 exactly like default except that instead of calling
324 Takes a method name which will clear the attribute.
328 B<Boolean>. Set this if you want values for the attribute to be grabbed
329 lazily. This is usually a good idea if you have a L</builder> which requires
330 another attribute to be set.
334 B<Boolean>. Set this if the attribute must be passed on instantiation.
338 B<Boolean>. Set this if you want the reference that the attribute contains to
339 be weakened; use this when circular references are possible, which will cause
344 Takes the name of the key to look for at instantiation time of the object. A
345 common use of this is to make an underscored attribute have a non-underscored
346 initialization name. C<undef> means that passing the value in on instantiation
352 before foo => sub { ... };
354 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/before method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
359 around foo => sub { ... };
361 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/around method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
366 after foo => sub { ... };
368 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/after method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
371 =head1 SUB QUOTE AWARE
373 L<Sub::Quote/quote_sub> allows us to create coderefs that are "inlineable,"
374 giving us a handy, XS-free speed boost. Any option that is L<Sub::Quote>
375 aware can take advantage of this.
377 =head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES WITH MOOSE
379 You can only compose one role at a time. If your application is large or
380 complex enough to warrant complex composition, you wanted L<Moose>.
382 There is no complex type system. C<isa> is verified with a coderef, if you
383 need complex types, just make a library of coderefs, or better yet, functions
384 that return quoted subs.
386 C<initializer> is not supported in core since the author considers it to be a
387 bad idea but may be supported by an extension in future.
389 There is no meta object. If you need this level of complexity you wanted
390 L<Moose> - Moo succeeds at being small because it explicitly does not
391 provide a metaprotocol.
393 No support for C<super>, C<override>, C<inner>, or C<augment> - override can
394 be handled by around albeit with a little more typing, and the author considers
395 augment to be a bad idea.
397 L</default> only supports coderefs, because doing otherwise is usually a
400 C<lazy_build> is not supported per se, but of course it will work if you
401 manually set all the options it implies.
403 C<auto_deref> is not supported since the author considers it a bad idea.
405 C<documentation> is not supported since it's a very poor replacement for POD.
409 mst - Matt S. Trout (cpan:MSTROUT) <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>
413 dg - David Leadbeater (cpan:DGL) <dgl@dgl.cx>
415 frew - Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt (cpan:FREW) <frioux@gmail.com>
417 hobbs - Andrew Rodland (cpan:ARODLAND) <arodland@cpan.org>
419 jnap - John Napiorkowski (cpan:JJNAPIORK) <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
421 ribasushi - Peter Rabbitson (cpan:RIBASUSHI) <ribasushi@cpan.org>
425 Copyright (c) 2010-2011 the Moo L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
430 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms