7 our $VERSION = '0.009014'; # 0.9.13
8 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
10 sub Moo::HandleMoose::AuthorityHack::DESTROY {
11 require Moo::HandleMoose;
12 Moo::HandleMoose->import;
15 if ($INC{"Moose.pm"}) {
16 require Moo::HandleMoose;
17 Moo::HandleMoose->import;
19 $Moose::AUTHORITY = bless({}, 'Moo::HandleMoose::AuthorityHack');
28 return if $MAKERS{$target}; # already exported into this package
29 *{_getglob("${target}::extends")} = sub {
30 _load_module($_) for @_;
31 # Can't do *{...} = \@_ or 5.10.0's mro.pm stops seeing @ISA
32 @{*{_getglob("${target}::ISA")}{ARRAY}} = @_;
34 *{_getglob("${target}::with")} = sub {
36 Moo::Role->apply_roles_to_package($target, $_[0]);
38 $MAKERS{$target} = {};
39 *{_getglob("${target}::has")} = sub {
40 my ($name, %spec) = @_;
41 ($MAKERS{$target}{accessor} ||= do {
42 require Method::Generate::Accessor;
43 Method::Generate::Accessor->new
44 })->generate_method($target, $name, \%spec);
45 $class->_constructor_maker_for($target)
46 ->register_attribute_specs($name, \%spec);
48 foreach my $type (qw(before after around)) {
49 *{_getglob "${target}::${type}"} = sub {
50 require Class::Method::Modifiers;
51 _install_modifier($target, $type, @_);
56 @{"${target}::ISA"} = do {
57 require Moo::Object; ('Moo::Object');
58 } unless @{"${target}::ISA"};
60 if ($INC{'Moo/HandleMoose.pm'}) {
61 Moo::HandleMoose::inject_fake_metaclass_for($target);
65 sub _constructor_maker_for {
66 my ($class, $target, $select_super) = @_;
67 return unless $MAKERS{$target};
68 $MAKERS{$target}{constructor} ||= do {
69 require Method::Generate::Constructor;
71 my ($moo_constructor, $con);
73 if ($select_super && $MAKERS{$select_super}) {
75 $con = $MAKERS{$select_super}{constructor};
77 my $t_new = $target->can('new');
79 if ($t_new == Moo::Object->can('new')) {
81 } elsif (my $defer_target = (Sub::Defer::defer_info($t_new)||[])->[0]) {
82 my ($pkg) = ($defer_target =~ /^(.*)::[^:]+$/);
85 $con = $MAKERS{$pkg}{constructor};
89 $moo_constructor = 1; # no other constructor, make a Moo one
92 Method::Generate::Constructor
95 accessor_generator => do {
96 require Method::Generate::Accessor;
97 Method::Generate::Accessor->new;
99 construction_string => (
101 ? ($con ? $con->construction_string : undef)
102 : ('$class->'.$target.'::SUPER::new(@_)')
104 subconstructor_generator => (
105 $class.'->_constructor_maker_for($class,'.perlstring($target).')'
109 ->register_attribute_specs(%{$con?$con->all_attribute_specs:{}})
120 Moo - Minimalist Object Orientation (with Moose compatiblity)
131 my $amount = shift || 1;
133 $self->pounds( $self->pounds - $amount );
143 die "Only SWEET-TREATZ supported!" unless $_[0] eq 'SWEET-TREATZ'
149 isa => quote_sub q{ die "$_[0] is too much cat food!" unless $_[0] < 15 },
156 my $full = Cat::Food->new(
157 taste => 'DELICIOUS.',
158 brand => 'SWEET-TREATZ',
168 This module is an extremely light-weight, high-performance L<Moose> replacement.
169 It also avoids depending on any XS modules to allow simple deployments. The
170 name C<Moo> is based on the idea that it provides almost -but not quite- two
173 Unlike C<Mouse> this module does not aim at full L<Moose> compatibility. See
174 L</INCOMPATIBILITIES> for more details.
176 =head1 WHY MOO EXISTS
178 If you want a full object system with a rich Metaprotocol, L<Moose> is
181 I've tried several times to use L<Mouse> but it's 3x the size of Moo and
182 takes longer to load than most of my Moo based CGI scripts take to run.
184 If you don't want L<Moose>, you don't want "less metaprotocol" like L<Mouse>,
185 you want "as little as possible" - which means "no metaprotocol", which is
188 By Moo 1.0 I intend to have Moo's equivalent of L<Any::Moose> built in -
189 if Moose gets loaded, any Moo class or role will act as a Moose equivalent
192 Hence - Moo exists as its name - Minimal Object Orientation - with a pledge
193 to make it smooth to upgrade to L<Moose> when you need more than minimal
196 =head1 IMPORTED METHODS
200 Foo::Bar->new( attr1 => 3 );
204 Foo::Bar->new({ attr1 => 3 });
208 around BUILDARGS => sub {
210 my ( $class, @args ) = @_;
212 unshift @args, "attr1" if @args % 2 == 1;
214 return $class->$orig(@args);
219 The default implementation of this method accepts a hash or hash reference of
220 named parameters. If it receives a single argument that isn't a hash reference
223 You can override this method in your class to handle other types of options
224 passed to the constructor.
226 This method should always return a hash reference of named options.
230 Define a C<BUILD> method on your class and the constructor will automatically
231 call the C<BUILD> method from parent down to child after the object has
232 been instantiated. Typically this is used for object validation or possibly
237 If you have a C<DEMOLISH> method anywhere in your inheritance hierarchy,
238 a C<DESTROY> method is created on first object construction which will call
239 C<< $instance->DEMOLISH($in_global_destruction) >> for each C<DEMOLISH>
240 method from child upwards to parents.
242 Note that the C<DESTROY> method is created on first construction of an object
243 of your class in order to not add overhead to classes without C<DEMOLISH>
244 methods; this may prove slightly surprising if you try and define your own.
248 if ($foo->does('Some::Role1')) {
252 Returns true if the object composes in the passed role.
254 =head1 IMPORTED SUBROUTINES
258 extends 'Parent::Class';
260 Declares base class. Multiple superclasses can be passed for multiple
261 inheritance (but please use roles instead).
263 Calling extends more than once will REPLACE your superclasses, not add to
264 them like 'use base' would.
271 Composes a L<Role::Tiny> into current class. Only one role may be composed in
272 at a time to allow the code to remain as simple as possible.
280 Declares an attribute for the class.
282 The options for C<has> are as follows:
288 B<required>, must be C<ro> or C<rw>. Unsurprisingly, C<ro> generates an
289 accessor that will not respond to arguments; to be clear: a getter only. C<rw>
290 will create a perlish getter/setter.
294 Takes a coderef which is meant to validate the attribute. Unlike L<Moose> Moo
295 does not include a basic type system, so instead of doing C<< isa => 'Num' >>,
299 die "$_[0] is not a number!" unless looks_like_number $_[0]
302 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
306 Takes a coderef which is meant to coerce the attribute. The basic idea is to
307 do something like the following:
309 coerce => quote_sub q{
310 $_[0] + 1 unless $_[0] % 2
313 Coerce does not require C<isa> to be defined.
315 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
321 handles => 'RobotRole'
323 Where C<RobotRole> is a role (L<Moo::Role>) that defines an interface which
324 becomes the list of methods to handle.
326 Takes a list of methods
328 handles => [ qw( one two ) ]
338 Takes a coderef which will get called any time the attribute is set. Coderef
339 will be invoked against the object with the new value as an argument.
341 Note that Moose also passes the old value, if any; this feature is not yet
344 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
348 Takes a coderef which will get called with $self as its only argument
349 to populate an attribute if no value is supplied to the constructor - or
350 if the attribute is lazy, when the attribute is first retrieved if no
351 value has yet been provided.
353 Note that if your default is fired during new() there is no guarantee that
354 other attributes have been populated yet so you should not rely on their
357 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
361 Takes a method name which will return true if an attribute has a value.
363 A common example of this would be to call it C<has_$foo>, implying that the
364 object has a C<$foo> set.
368 Takes a method name which will be called to create the attribute - functions
369 exactly like default except that instead of calling
379 Takes a method name which will clear the attribute.
383 B<Boolean>. Set this if you want values for the attribute to be grabbed
384 lazily. This is usually a good idea if you have a L</builder> which requires
385 another attribute to be set.
389 B<Boolean>. Set this if the attribute must be passed on instantiation.
393 The value of this attribute will be the name of the method to get the value of
394 the attribute. If you like Java style methods, you might set this to
399 The value of this attribute will be the name of the method to set the value of
400 the attribute. If you like Java style methods, you might set this to
405 B<Boolean>. Set this if you want the reference that the attribute contains to
406 be weakened; use this when circular references are possible, which will cause
411 Takes the name of the key to look for at instantiation time of the object. A
412 common use of this is to make an underscored attribute have a non-underscored
413 initialization name. C<undef> means that passing the value in on instantiation
419 before foo => sub { ... };
421 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/before method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
426 around foo => sub { ... };
428 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/around method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
433 after foo => sub { ... };
435 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/after method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
438 =head1 SUB QUOTE AWARE
440 L<Sub::Quote/quote_sub> allows us to create coderefs that are "inlineable,"
441 giving us a handy, XS-free speed boost. Any option that is L<Sub::Quote>
442 aware can take advantage of this.
444 =head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES WITH MOOSE
446 You can only compose one role at a time. If your application is large or
447 complex enough to warrant complex composition, you wanted L<Moose>. Note that
448 this does not mean you can only compose one role per class -
453 is absolutely fine, there's just currently no equivalent of Moose's
455 with 'FirstRole', 'SecondRole';
457 which composes the two roles together, and then applies them.
459 There is no built in type system. C<isa> is verified with a coderef, if you
460 need complex types, just make a library of coderefs, or better yet, functions
461 that return quoted subs. L<MooX::Types::MooseLike> provides a similar API
462 to L<MooseX::Types::Moose> so that you can write
464 has days_to_live => (is => 'ro', isa => Int);
466 and have it work with both; it is hoped that providing only subrefs as an
467 API will encourage the use of other type systems as well, since it's
468 probably the weakest part of Moose design-wise.
470 C<initializer> is not supported in core since the author considers it to be a
471 bad idea but may be supported by an extension in future.
473 There is no meta object. If you need this level of complexity you wanted
474 L<Moose> - Moo succeeds at being small because it explicitly does not
475 provide a metaprotocol.
477 No support for C<super>, C<override>, C<inner>, or C<augment> - override can
478 be handled by around albeit with a little more typing, and the author considers
479 augment to be a bad idea.
481 The C<dump> method is not provided by default. The author suggests loading
482 L<Devel::Dwarn> into C<main::> (via C<perl -MDevel::Dwarn ...> for example) and
483 using C<$obj-E<gt>$::Dwarn()> instead.
485 L</default> only supports coderefs, because doing otherwise is usually a
488 C<lazy_build> is not supported per se, but of course it will work if you
489 manually set all the options it implies.
491 C<auto_deref> is not supported since the author considers it a bad idea.
493 C<documentation> is not supported since it's a very poor replacement for POD.
495 Handling of warnings: when you C<use Moo> we enable FATAL warnings. The nearest
496 similar invocation for L<Moose> would be:
499 use warnings FATAL => "all";
501 Additionally, L<Moo> supports a set of attribute option shortcuts intended to
502 reduce common boilerplate. The set of shortcuts is the same as in the L<Moose>
503 module L<MooseX::AttributeShortcuts>. So if you:
508 The nearest L<Moose> invocation would be:
513 use warnings FATAL => "all";
514 use MooseX::AttributeShortcuts;
516 or, if you're inheriting from a non-Moose class,
521 use MooseX::NonMoose;
522 use warnings FATAL => "all";
523 use MooseX::AttributeShortcuts;
525 Finally, Moose requires you to call
527 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;
529 at the end of your class to get an inlined (i.e. not horribly slow)
530 constructor. Moo does it automatically the first time ->new is called
535 mst - Matt S. Trout (cpan:MSTROUT) <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>
539 dg - David Leadbeater (cpan:DGL) <dgl@dgl.cx>
541 frew - Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt (cpan:FREW) <frioux@gmail.com>
543 hobbs - Andrew Rodland (cpan:ARODLAND) <arodland@cpan.org>
545 jnap - John Napiorkowski (cpan:JJNAPIORK) <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
547 ribasushi - Peter Rabbitson (cpan:RIBASUSHI) <ribasushi@cpan.org>
549 chip - Chip Salzenberg (cpan:CHIPS) <chip@pobox.com>
551 ajgb - Alex J. G. BurzyĆski (cpan:AJGB) <ajgb@cpan.org>
553 doy - Jesse Luehrs (cpan:DOY) <doy at tozt dot net>
555 perigrin - Chris Prather (cpan:PERIGRIN) <chris@prather.org>
559 Copyright (c) 2010-2011 the Moo L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
564 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms