7 our $VERSION = '0.009010'; # 0.9.10
8 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
16 return if $MAKERS{$target}; # already exported into this package
17 *{_getglob("${target}::extends")} = sub {
18 _load_module($_) for @_;
19 # Can't do *{...} = \@_ or 5.10.0's mro.pm stops seeing @ISA
20 @{*{_getglob("${target}::ISA")}{ARRAY}} = @_;
22 *{_getglob("${target}::with")} = sub {
23 { local $@; require Moo::Role; }
24 die "Only one role supported at a time by with" if @_ > 1;
25 Moo::Role->apply_role_to_package($target, $_[0]);
27 $MAKERS{$target} = {};
28 *{_getglob("${target}::has")} = sub {
29 my ($name, %spec) = @_;
30 ($MAKERS{$target}{accessor} ||= do {
31 { local $@; require Method::Generate::Accessor; }
32 Method::Generate::Accessor->new
33 })->generate_method($target, $name, \%spec);
34 $class->_constructor_maker_for($target)
35 ->register_attribute_specs($name, \%spec);
37 foreach my $type (qw(before after around)) {
38 *{_getglob "${target}::${type}"} = sub {
39 { local $@; require Class::Method::Modifiers; }
40 _install_modifier($target, $type, @_);
45 @{"${target}::ISA"} = do {
46 {; local $@; require Moo::Object; } ('Moo::Object');
47 } unless @{"${target}::ISA"};
51 sub _constructor_maker_for {
52 my ($class, $target, $select_super) = @_;
53 return unless $MAKERS{$target};
54 $MAKERS{$target}{constructor} ||= do {
57 require Method::Generate::Constructor;
60 my ($moo_constructor, $con);
62 if ($select_super && $MAKERS{$select_super}) {
64 $con = $MAKERS{$select_super}{constructor};
66 my $t_new = $target->can('new');
68 if ($t_new == Moo::Object->can('new')) {
70 } elsif (my $defer_target = (Sub::Defer::defer_info($t_new)||[])->[0]) {
71 my ($pkg) = ($defer_target =~ /^(.*)::[^:]+$/);
74 $con = $MAKERS{$pkg}{constructor};
78 $moo_constructor = 1; # no other constructor, make a Moo one
81 Method::Generate::Constructor
84 accessor_generator => do {
85 { local $@; require Method::Generate::Accessor; }
86 Method::Generate::Accessor->new;
88 construction_string => (
90 ? ($con ? $con->construction_string : undef)
91 : ('$class->'.$target.'::SUPER::new(@_)')
93 subconstructor_generator => (
94 $class.'->_constructor_maker_for($class,'.perlstring($target).')'
98 ->register_attribute_specs(%{$con?$con->all_attribute_specs:{}})
109 Moo - Minimalist Object Orientation (with Moose compatiblity)
120 my $amount = shift || 1;
122 $self->pounds( $self->pounds - $amount );
132 die "Only SWEET-TREATZ supported!" unless $_[0] eq 'SWEET-TREATZ'
138 isa => quote_sub q{ die "$_[0] is too much cat food!" unless $_[0] < 15 },
145 my $full = Cat::Food->new(
146 taste => 'DELICIOUS.',
147 brand => 'SWEET-TREATZ',
157 This module is an extremely light-weight, high-performance L<Moose> replacement.
158 It also avoids depending on any XS modules to allow simple deployments. The
159 name C<Moo> is based on the idea that it provides almost -but not quite- two
162 Unlike C<Mouse> this module does not aim at full L<Moose> compatibility. See
163 L</INCOMPATIBILITIES> for more details.
165 =head1 WHY MOO EXISTS
167 If you want a full object system with a rich Metaprotocol, L<Moose> is
170 I've tried several times to use L<Mouse> but it's 3x the size of Moo and
171 takes longer to load than most of my Moo based CGI scripts take to run.
173 If you don't want L<Moose>, you don't want "less metaprotocol" like L<Mouse>,
174 you want "as little as possible" - which means "no metaprotocol", which is
177 By Moo 1.0 I intend to have Moo's equivalent of L<Any::Moose> built in -
178 if Moose gets loaded, any Moo class or role will act as a Moose equivalent
181 Hence - Moo exists as its name - Minimal Object Orientation - with a pledge
182 to make it smooth to upgrade to L<Moose> when you need more than minimal
185 =head1 IMPORTED METHODS
189 Foo::Bar->new( attr1 => 3 );
193 Foo::Bar->new({ attr1 => 3 });
197 around BUILDARGS => sub {
199 my ( $class, @args ) = @_;
201 unshift @args, "attr1" if @args % 2 == 1;
203 return $class->$orig(@args);
208 The default implementation of this method accepts a hash or hash reference of
209 named parameters. If it receives a single argument that isn't a hash reference
212 You can override this method in your class to handle other types of options
213 passed to the constructor.
215 This method should always return a hash reference of named options.
219 Don't override (or probably even call) this method. Instead, you can define
220 a C<BUILD> method on your class and the constructor will automatically call the
221 C<BUILD> method from parent down to child after the object has been
222 instantiated. Typically this is used for object validation or possibly logging.
226 A default destructor is provided, which calls
227 C<< $instance->DEMOLISH($in_global_destruction) >> for each C<DEMOLISH>
228 method in the inheritance hierarchy.
232 if ($foo->does('Some::Role1')) {
236 Returns true if the object composes in the passed role.
238 =head1 IMPORTED SUBROUTINES
242 extends 'Parent::Class';
244 Declares base class. Multiple superclasses can be passed for multiple
245 inheritance (but please use roles instead).
247 Calling extends more than once will REPLACE your superclasses, not add to
248 them like 'use base' would.
255 Composes a L<Role::Tiny> into current class. Only one role may be composed in
256 at a time to allow the code to remain as simple as possible.
264 Declares an attribute for the class.
266 The options for C<has> are as follows:
272 B<required>, must be C<ro> or C<rw>. Unsurprisingly, C<ro> generates an
273 accessor that will not respond to arguments; to be clear: a getter only. C<rw>
274 will create a perlish getter/setter.
278 Takes a coderef which is meant to validate the attribute. Unlike L<Moose> Moo
279 does not include a basic type system, so instead of doing C<< isa => 'Num' >>,
283 die "$_[0] is not a number!" unless looks_like_number $_[0]
286 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
290 Takes a coderef which is meant to coerce the attribute. The basic idea is to
291 do something like the following:
293 coerce => quote_sub q{
294 $_[0] + 1 unless $_[0] % 2
297 Coerce does not require C<isa> to be defined.
299 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
303 Takes a coderef which will get called any time the attribute is set. Coderef
304 will be invoked against the object with the new value as an argument.
306 Note that Moose also passes the old value, if any; this feature is not yet
309 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
313 Takes a coderef which will get called with $self as its only argument
314 to populate an attribute if no value is supplied to the constructor - or
315 if the attribute is lazy, when the attribute is first retrieved if no
316 value has yet been provided.
318 Note that if your default is fired during new() there is no guarantee that
319 other attributes have been populated yet so you should not rely on their
322 L<Sub::Quote aware|/SUB QUOTE AWARE>
326 Takes a method name which will return true if an attribute has a value.
328 A common example of this would be to call it C<has_$foo>, implying that the
329 object has a C<$foo> set.
333 Takes a method name which will be called to create the attribute - functions
334 exactly like default except that instead of calling
344 Takes a method name which will clear the attribute.
348 B<Boolean>. Set this if you want values for the attribute to be grabbed
349 lazily. This is usually a good idea if you have a L</builder> which requires
350 another attribute to be set.
354 B<Boolean>. Set this if the attribute must be passed on instantiation.
358 The value of this attribute will be the name of the method to get the value of
359 the attribute. If you like Java style methods, you might set this to
364 The value of this attribute will be the name of the method to set the value of
365 the attribute. If you like Java style methods, you might set this to
370 B<Boolean>. Set this if you want the reference that the attribute contains to
371 be weakened; use this when circular references are possible, which will cause
376 Takes the name of the key to look for at instantiation time of the object. A
377 common use of this is to make an underscored attribute have a non-underscored
378 initialization name. C<undef> means that passing the value in on instantiation
384 before foo => sub { ... };
386 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/before method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
391 around foo => sub { ... };
393 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/around method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
398 after foo => sub { ... };
400 See L<< Class::Method::Modifiers/after method(s) => sub { ... } >> for full
403 =head1 SUB QUOTE AWARE
405 L<Sub::Quote/quote_sub> allows us to create coderefs that are "inlineable,"
406 giving us a handy, XS-free speed boost. Any option that is L<Sub::Quote>
407 aware can take advantage of this.
409 =head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES WITH MOOSE
411 You can only compose one role at a time. If your application is large or
412 complex enough to warrant complex composition, you wanted L<Moose>.
414 There is no complex type system. C<isa> is verified with a coderef, if you
415 need complex types, just make a library of coderefs, or better yet, functions
416 that return quoted subs.
418 C<initializer> is not supported in core since the author considers it to be a
419 bad idea but may be supported by an extension in future.
421 There is no meta object. If you need this level of complexity you wanted
422 L<Moose> - Moo succeeds at being small because it explicitly does not
423 provide a metaprotocol.
425 No support for C<super>, C<override>, C<inner>, or C<augment> - override can
426 be handled by around albeit with a little more typing, and the author considers
427 augment to be a bad idea.
429 L</default> only supports coderefs, because doing otherwise is usually a
432 C<lazy_build> is not supported per se, but of course it will work if you
433 manually set all the options it implies.
435 C<auto_deref> is not supported since the author considers it a bad idea.
437 C<documentation> is not supported since it's a very poor replacement for POD.
441 mst - Matt S. Trout (cpan:MSTROUT) <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>
445 dg - David Leadbeater (cpan:DGL) <dgl@dgl.cx>
447 frew - Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt (cpan:FREW) <frioux@gmail.com>
449 hobbs - Andrew Rodland (cpan:ARODLAND) <arodland@cpan.org>
451 jnap - John Napiorkowski (cpan:JJNAPIORK) <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
453 ribasushi - Peter Rabbitson (cpan:RIBASUSHI) <ribasushi@cpan.org>
455 chip - Chip Salzenberg (cpan:CHIPS) <chip@pobox.com>
457 ajgb - Alex J. G. BurzyĆski (cpan:AJGB) <ajgb@cpan.org>
461 Copyright (c) 2010-2011 the Moo L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
466 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms