1 package File::Spec::Unix;
12 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
16 require File::Spec::Unix; # Done automatically by File::Spec
20 Methods for manipulating file specifications. Other File::Spec
21 modules, such as File::Spec::Mac, inherit from File::Spec::Unix and
22 override specific methods.
30 No physical check on the filesystem, but a logical cleanup of a
31 path. On UNIX eliminates successive slashes and successive "/.".
33 $cpath = File::Spec->canonpath( $path ) ;
38 my ($self,$path) = @_;
40 # Handle POSIX-style node names beginning with double slash
42 if ( $^O =~ m/^(?:qnx|nto)$/ && $path =~ s:^(//[^/]+)(/|\z):/:s ) {
45 $path =~ s|/+|/|g unless($^O eq 'cygwin'); # xx////xx -> xx/xx
46 $path =~ s@(/\.)+(/|\Z(?!\n))@/@g; # xx/././xx -> xx/xx
47 $path =~ s|^(\./)+||s unless $path eq "./"; # ./xx -> xx
48 $path =~ s|^/(\.\./)+|/|s; # /../../xx -> xx
49 $path =~ s|/\Z(?!\n)|| unless $path eq "/"; # xx/ -> xx
55 Concatenate two or more directory names to form a complete path ending
56 with a directory. But remove the trailing slash from the resulting
57 string, because it doesn't look good, isn't necessary and confuses
58 OS2. Of course, if this is the root directory, don't cut off the
67 # append a slash to each argument unless it has one there
68 $_ .= "/" if $_ eq '' || substr($_,-1) ne "/";
70 return $self->canonpath(join('', @args));
75 Concatenate one or more directory names and a filename to form a
76 complete path ending with a filename
83 return $file unless @_;
84 my $dir = $self->catdir(@_);
85 $dir .= "/" unless substr($dir,-1) eq "/";
91 Returns a string representation of the current directory. "." on UNIX.
101 Returns a string representation of the null device. "/dev/null" on UNIX.
111 Returns a string representation of the root directory. "/" on UNIX.
121 Returns a string representation of the first writable directory
122 from the following list or "" if none are writable:
127 Since perl 5.8.0, if running under taint mode, and if $ENV{TMPDIR}
128 is tainted, it is not used.
134 return $tmpdir if defined $tmpdir;
135 my @dirlist = ($ENV{TMPDIR}, "/tmp");
136 if (${"\cTAINT"}) { # Check for taint mode on perl >= 5.8.0
137 require Scalar::Util;
138 shift @dirlist if Scalar::Util::tainted($ENV{TMPDIR});
141 next unless defined && -d && -w _;
145 $tmpdir = '' unless defined $tmpdir;
151 Returns a string representation of the parent directory. ".." on UNIX.
161 Given a list of file names, strip out those that refer to a parent
162 directory. (Does not strip symlinks, only '.', '..', and equivalents.)
168 return grep(!/^\.{1,2}\Z(?!\n)/s, @_);
173 Returns a true or false value indicating, respectively, that alphabetic
174 is not or is significant when comparing file specifications.
182 =item file_name_is_absolute
184 Takes as argument a path and returns true if it is an absolute path.
186 This does not consult the local filesystem on Unix, Win32, OS/2 or Mac
187 OS (Classic). It does consult the working environment for VMS (see
188 L<File::Spec::VMS/file_name_is_absolute>).
192 sub file_name_is_absolute {
193 my ($self,$file) = @_;
194 return scalar($file =~ m:^/:s);
199 Takes no argument, returns the environment variable PATH as an array.
204 my @path = split(':', $ENV{PATH});
205 foreach (@path) { $_ = '.' if $_ eq '' }
211 join is the same as catfile.
217 return $self->catfile(@_);
222 ($volume,$directories,$file) = File::Spec->splitpath( $path );
223 ($volume,$directories,$file) = File::Spec->splitpath( $path, $no_file );
225 Splits a path in to volume, directory, and filename portions. On systems
226 with no concept of volume, returns undef for volume.
228 For systems with no syntax differentiating filenames from directories,
229 assumes that the last file is a path unless $no_file is true or a
230 trailing separator or /. or /.. is present. On Unix this means that $no_file
231 true makes this return ( '', $path, '' ).
233 The directory portion may or may not be returned with a trailing '/'.
235 The results can be passed to L</catpath()> to get back a path equivalent to
236 (usually identical to) the original path.
241 my ($self,$path, $nofile) = @_;
243 my ($volume,$directory,$file) = ('','','');
249 $path =~ m|^ ( (?: .* / (?: \.\.?\Z(?!\n) )? )? ) ([^/]*) |xs;
254 return ($volume,$directory,$file);
260 The opposite of L</catdir()>.
262 @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir( $directories );
264 $directories must be only the directory portion of the path on systems
265 that have the concept of a volume or that have path syntax that differentiates
266 files from directories.
268 Unlike just splitting the directories on the separator, empty
269 directory names (C<''>) can be returned, because these are significant
274 File::Spec->splitdir( "/a/b//c/" );
278 ( '', 'a', 'b', '', 'c', '' )
283 my ($self,$directories) = @_ ;
285 # split() likes to forget about trailing null fields, so here we
286 # check to be sure that there will not be any before handling the
289 if ( $directories !~ m|/\Z(?!\n)| ) {
290 return split( m|/|, $directories );
294 # since there was a trailing separator, add a file name to the end,
295 # then do the split, then replace it with ''.
297 my( @directories )= split( m|/|, "${directories}dummy" ) ;
298 $directories[ $#directories ]= '' ;
299 return @directories ;
306 Takes volume, directory and file portions and returns an entire path. Under
307 Unix, $volume is ignored, and directory and file are catenated. A '/' is
308 inserted if need be. On other OSs, $volume is significant.
313 my ($self,$volume,$directory,$file) = @_;
315 if ( $directory ne '' &&
317 substr( $directory, -1 ) ne '/' &&
318 substr( $file, 0, 1 ) ne '/'
320 $directory .= "/$file" ;
323 $directory .= $file ;
331 Takes a destination path and an optional base path returns a relative path
332 from the base path to the destination path:
334 $rel_path = File::Spec->abs2rel( $path ) ;
335 $rel_path = File::Spec->abs2rel( $path, $base ) ;
337 If $base is not present or '', then L<cwd()|Cwd> is used. If $base is relative,
338 then it is converted to absolute form using L</rel2abs()>. This means that it
339 is taken to be relative to L<cwd()|Cwd>.
341 On systems with the concept of a volume, this assumes that both paths
342 are on the $destination volume, and ignores the $base volume.
344 On systems that have a grammar that indicates filenames, this ignores the
345 $base filename as well. Otherwise all path components are assumed to be
348 If $path is relative, it is converted to absolute form using L</rel2abs()>.
349 This means that it is taken to be relative to L<cwd()|Cwd>.
351 No checks against the filesystem are made. On VMS, there is
352 interaction with the working environment, as logicals and
355 Based on code written by Shigio Yamaguchi.
360 my($self,$path,$base) = @_;
363 if ( ! $self->file_name_is_absolute( $path ) ) {
364 $path = $self->rel2abs( $path ) ;
367 $path = $self->canonpath( $path ) ;
370 # Figure out the effective $base and clean it up.
371 if ( !defined( $base ) || $base eq '' ) {
374 elsif ( ! $self->file_name_is_absolute( $base ) ) {
375 $base = $self->rel2abs( $base ) ;
378 $base = $self->canonpath( $base ) ;
381 # Now, remove all leading components that are the same
382 my @pathchunks = $self->splitdir( $path);
383 my @basechunks = $self->splitdir( $base);
385 while (@pathchunks && @basechunks && $pathchunks[0] eq $basechunks[0]) {
390 $path = CORE::join( '/', @pathchunks );
391 $base = CORE::join( '/', @basechunks );
393 # $base now contains the directories the resulting relative path
394 # must ascend out of before it can descend to $path_directory. So,
395 # replace all names with $parentDir
396 $base =~ s|[^/]+|..|g ;
398 # Glue the two together, using a separator if necessary, and preventing an
400 if ( $path ne '' && $base ne '' ) {
401 $path = "$base/$path" ;
403 $path = "$base$path" ;
406 return $self->canonpath( $path ) ;
411 Converts a relative path to an absolute path.
413 $abs_path = File::Spec->rel2abs( $path ) ;
414 $abs_path = File::Spec->rel2abs( $path, $base ) ;
416 If $base is not present or '', then L<cwd()|Cwd> is used. If $base is relative,
417 then it is converted to absolute form using L</rel2abs()>. This means that it
418 is taken to be relative to L<cwd()|Cwd>.
420 On systems with the concept of a volume, this assumes that both paths
421 are on the $base volume, and ignores the $path volume.
423 On systems that have a grammar that indicates filenames, this ignores the
424 $base filename as well. Otherwise all path components are assumed to be
427 If $path is absolute, it is cleaned up and returned using L</canonpath()>.
429 No checks against the filesystem are made. On VMS, there is
430 interaction with the working environment, as logicals and
433 Based on code written by Shigio Yamaguchi.
438 my ($self,$path,$base ) = @_;
441 if ( ! $self->file_name_is_absolute( $path ) ) {
442 # Figure out the effective $base and clean it up.
443 if ( !defined( $base ) || $base eq '' ) {
446 elsif ( ! $self->file_name_is_absolute( $base ) ) {
447 $base = $self->rel2abs( $base ) ;
450 $base = $self->canonpath( $base ) ;
454 $path = $self->catdir( $base, $path ) ;
457 return $self->canonpath( $path ) ;