1 package File::Spec::Unix;
12 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
16 require File::Spec::Unix; # Done automatically by File::Spec
20 Methods for manipulating file specifications. Other File::Spec
21 modules, such as File::Spec::Mac, inherit from File::Spec::Unix and
22 override specific methods.
30 No physical check on the filesystem, but a logical cleanup of a
31 path. On UNIX eliminates successive slashes and successive "/.".
33 $cpath = File::Spec->canonpath( $path ) ;
38 my ($self,$path) = @_;
40 # Handle POSIX-style node names beginning with double slash (qnx, nto)
41 # Handle network path names beginning with double slash (cygwin)
42 # (POSIX says: "a pathname that begins with two successive slashes
43 # may be interpreted in an implementation-defined manner, although
44 # more than two leading slashes shall be treated as a single slash.")
46 if ( $^O =~ m/^(?:qnx|nto|cygwin)$/ && $path =~ s:^(//[^/]+)(/|\z):/:s ) {
50 # $path =~ s|/+|/|g unless($^O eq 'cygwin');
51 # but that made tests 29, 30, 35, 46, and 213 (as of #13272) to fail
52 # (Mainly because trailing "" directories didn't get stripped).
53 # Why would cygwin avoid collapsing multiple slashes into one? --jhi
54 $path =~ s|/+|/|g; # xx////xx -> xx/xx
55 $path =~ s@(/\.)+(/|\Z(?!\n))@/@g; # xx/././xx -> xx/xx
56 $path =~ s|^(\./)+||s unless $path eq "./"; # ./xx -> xx
57 $path =~ s|^/(\.\./)+|/|s; # /../../xx -> xx
58 $path =~ s|/\Z(?!\n)|| unless $path eq "/"; # xx/ -> xx
64 Concatenate two or more directory names to form a complete path ending
65 with a directory. But remove the trailing slash from the resulting
66 string, because it doesn't look good, isn't necessary and confuses
67 OS2. Of course, if this is the root directory, don't cut off the
76 # append a slash to each argument unless it has one there
77 $_ .= "/" if $_ eq '' || substr($_,-1) ne "/";
79 return $self->canonpath(join('', @args));
84 Concatenate one or more directory names and a filename to form a
85 complete path ending with a filename
91 my $file = File::Spec->canonpath(pop @_);
92 return $file unless @_;
93 my $dir = $self->catdir(@_);
94 $dir .= "/" unless substr($dir,-1) eq "/";
100 Returns a string representation of the current directory. "." on UNIX.
110 Returns a string representation of the null device. "/dev/null" on UNIX.
120 Returns a string representation of the root directory. "/" on UNIX.
130 Returns a string representation of the first writable directory
131 from the following list or "" if none are writable:
136 Since perl 5.8.0, if running under taint mode, and if $ENV{TMPDIR}
137 is tainted, it is not used.
143 return $tmpdir if defined $tmpdir;
144 my @dirlist = ($ENV{TMPDIR}, "/tmp");
147 if (${"\cTAINT"}) { # Check for taint mode on perl >= 5.8.0
148 require Scalar::Util;
149 shift @dirlist if Scalar::Util::tainted($ENV{TMPDIR});
153 next unless defined && -d && -w _;
157 $tmpdir = '' unless defined $tmpdir;
163 Returns a string representation of the parent directory. ".." on UNIX.
173 Given a list of file names, strip out those that refer to a parent
174 directory. (Does not strip symlinks, only '.', '..', and equivalents.)
180 return grep(!/^\.{1,2}\Z(?!\n)/s, @_);
185 Returns a true or false value indicating, respectively, that alphabetic
186 is not or is significant when comparing file specifications.
194 =item file_name_is_absolute
196 Takes as argument a path and returns true if it is an absolute path.
198 This does not consult the local filesystem on Unix, Win32, OS/2 or Mac
199 OS (Classic). It does consult the working environment for VMS (see
200 L<File::Spec::VMS/file_name_is_absolute>).
204 sub file_name_is_absolute {
205 my ($self,$file) = @_;
206 return scalar($file =~ m:^/:s);
211 Takes no argument, returns the environment variable PATH as an array.
216 my @path = split(':', $ENV{PATH});
217 foreach (@path) { $_ = '.' if $_ eq '' }
223 join is the same as catfile.
229 return $self->catfile(@_);
234 ($volume,$directories,$file) = File::Spec->splitpath( $path );
235 ($volume,$directories,$file) = File::Spec->splitpath( $path, $no_file );
237 Splits a path in to volume, directory, and filename portions. On systems
238 with no concept of volume, returns undef for volume.
240 For systems with no syntax differentiating filenames from directories,
241 assumes that the last file is a path unless $no_file is true or a
242 trailing separator or /. or /.. is present. On Unix this means that $no_file
243 true makes this return ( '', $path, '' ).
245 The directory portion may or may not be returned with a trailing '/'.
247 The results can be passed to L</catpath()> to get back a path equivalent to
248 (usually identical to) the original path.
253 my ($self,$path, $nofile) = @_;
255 my ($volume,$directory,$file) = ('','','');
261 $path =~ m|^ ( (?: .* / (?: \.\.?\Z(?!\n) )? )? ) ([^/]*) |xs;
266 return ($volume,$directory,$file);
272 The opposite of L</catdir()>.
274 @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir( $directories );
276 $directories must be only the directory portion of the path on systems
277 that have the concept of a volume or that have path syntax that differentiates
278 files from directories.
280 Unlike just splitting the directories on the separator, empty
281 directory names (C<''>) can be returned, because these are significant
286 File::Spec->splitdir( "/a/b//c/" );
290 ( '', 'a', 'b', '', 'c', '' )
295 my ($self,$directories) = @_ ;
297 # split() likes to forget about trailing null fields, so here we
298 # check to be sure that there will not be any before handling the
301 if ( $directories !~ m|/\Z(?!\n)| ) {
302 return split( m|/|, $directories );
306 # since there was a trailing separator, add a file name to the end,
307 # then do the split, then replace it with ''.
309 my( @directories )= split( m|/|, "${directories}dummy" ) ;
310 $directories[ $#directories ]= '' ;
311 return @directories ;
318 Takes volume, directory and file portions and returns an entire path. Under
319 Unix, $volume is ignored, and directory and file are catenated. A '/' is
320 inserted if needed (though if the directory portion doesn't start with
321 '/' it is not added). On other OSs, $volume is significant.
326 my ($self,$volume,$directory,$file) = @_;
328 if ( $directory ne '' &&
330 substr( $directory, -1 ) ne '/' &&
331 substr( $file, 0, 1 ) ne '/'
333 $directory .= "/$file" ;
336 $directory .= $file ;
344 Takes a destination path and an optional base path returns a relative path
345 from the base path to the destination path:
347 $rel_path = File::Spec->abs2rel( $path ) ;
348 $rel_path = File::Spec->abs2rel( $path, $base ) ;
350 If $base is not present or '', then L<cwd()|Cwd> is used. If $base is relative,
351 then it is converted to absolute form using L</rel2abs()>. This means that it
352 is taken to be relative to L<cwd()|Cwd>.
354 On systems with the concept of a volume, this assumes that both paths
355 are on the $destination volume, and ignores the $base volume.
357 On systems that have a grammar that indicates filenames, this ignores the
358 $base filename as well. Otherwise all path components are assumed to be
361 If $path is relative, it is converted to absolute form using L</rel2abs()>.
362 This means that it is taken to be relative to L<cwd()|Cwd>.
364 No checks against the filesystem are made. On VMS, there is
365 interaction with the working environment, as logicals and
368 Based on code written by Shigio Yamaguchi.
373 my($self,$path,$base) = @_;
376 if ( ! $self->file_name_is_absolute( $path ) ) {
377 $path = $self->rel2abs( $path ) ;
380 $path = $self->canonpath( $path ) ;
383 # Figure out the effective $base and clean it up.
384 if ( !defined( $base ) || $base eq '' ) {
387 elsif ( ! $self->file_name_is_absolute( $base ) ) {
388 $base = $self->rel2abs( $base ) ;
391 $base = $self->canonpath( $base ) ;
394 # Now, remove all leading components that are the same
395 my @pathchunks = $self->splitdir( $path);
396 my @basechunks = $self->splitdir( $base);
398 while (@pathchunks && @basechunks && $pathchunks[0] eq $basechunks[0]) {
403 $path = CORE::join( '/', @pathchunks );
404 $base = CORE::join( '/', @basechunks );
406 # $base now contains the directories the resulting relative path
407 # must ascend out of before it can descend to $path_directory. So,
408 # replace all names with $parentDir
409 $base =~ s|[^/]+|..|g ;
411 # Glue the two together, using a separator if necessary, and preventing an
413 if ( $path ne '' && $base ne '' ) {
414 $path = "$base/$path" ;
416 $path = "$base$path" ;
419 return $self->canonpath( $path ) ;
424 Converts a relative path to an absolute path.
426 $abs_path = File::Spec->rel2abs( $path ) ;
427 $abs_path = File::Spec->rel2abs( $path, $base ) ;
429 If $base is not present or '', then L<cwd()|Cwd> is used. If $base is relative,
430 then it is converted to absolute form using L</rel2abs()>. This means that it
431 is taken to be relative to L<cwd()|Cwd>.
433 On systems with the concept of a volume, this assumes that both paths
434 are on the $base volume, and ignores the $path volume.
436 On systems that have a grammar that indicates filenames, this ignores the
437 $base filename as well. Otherwise all path components are assumed to be
440 If $path is absolute, it is cleaned up and returned using L</canonpath()>.
442 No checks against the filesystem are made. On VMS, there is
443 interaction with the working environment, as logicals and
446 Based on code written by Shigio Yamaguchi.
451 my ($self,$path,$base ) = @_;
454 if ( ! $self->file_name_is_absolute( $path ) ) {
455 # Figure out the effective $base and clean it up.
456 if ( !defined( $base ) || $base eq '' ) {
459 elsif ( ! $self->file_name_is_absolute( $base ) ) {
460 $base = $self->rel2abs( $base ) ;
463 $base = $self->canonpath( $base ) ;
467 $path = $self->catdir( $base, $path ) ;
470 return $self->canonpath( $path ) ;