5 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
11 mkpath(['/foo/bar/baz', 'blurfl/quux'], 1, 0711);
12 rmtree(['foo/bar/baz', 'blurfl/quux'], 1, 1);
16 The C<mkpath> function provides a convenient way to create directories, even
17 if your C<mkdir> kernel call won't create more than one level of directory at
18 a time. C<mkpath> takes three arguments:
24 the name of the path to create, or a reference
25 to a list of paths to create,
29 a boolean value, which if TRUE will cause C<mkpath>
30 to print the name of each directory as it is created
31 (defaults to FALSE), and
35 the numeric mode to use when creating the directories
40 It returns a list of all directories (including intermediates, determined
41 using the Unix '/' separator) created.
43 If a system error prevents a directory from being created, then the
44 C<mkpath> function throws a fatal error with C<Carp::croak>. This error
45 can be trapped with an C<eval> block:
47 eval { mkpath($dir) };
49 print "Couldn't create $dir: $@";
52 Similarly, the C<rmtree> function provides a convenient way to delete a
53 subtree from the directory structure, much like the Unix command C<rm -r>.
54 C<rmtree> takes three arguments:
60 the root of the subtree to delete, or a reference to
61 a list of roots. All of the files and directories
62 below each root, as well as the roots themselves,
67 a boolean value, which if TRUE will cause C<rmtree> to
68 print a message each time it examines a file, giving the
69 name of the file, and indicating whether it's using C<rmdir>
70 or C<unlink> to remove it, or that it's skipping it.
75 a boolean value, which if TRUE will cause C<rmtree> to
76 skip any files to which you do not have delete access
77 (if running under VMS) or write access (if running
78 under another OS). This will change in the future when
79 a criterion for 'delete permission' under OSs other
80 than VMS is settled. (defaults to FALSE)
84 It returns the number of files successfully deleted. Symlinks are
85 simply deleted and not followed.
87 B<NOTE:> If the third parameter is not TRUE, C<rmtree> is B<unsecure>
88 in the face of failure or interruption. Files and directories which
89 were not deleted may be left with permissions reset to allow world
90 read and write access. Note also that the occurrence of errors in
91 rmtree can be determined I<only> by trapping diagnostic messages
92 using C<$SIG{__WARN__}>; it is not apparent from the return value.
93 Therefore, you must be extremely careful about using C<rmtree($foo,$bar,0)>
94 in situations where security is an issue.
98 Tim Bunce <F<Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk>> and
99 Charles Bailey <F<bailey@newman.upenn.edu>>
105 use File::Basename ();
110 our $VERSION = "1.05";
111 our @ISA = qw( Exporter );
112 our @EXPORT = qw( mkpath rmtree );
114 my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
115 my $Is_MacOS = $^O eq 'MacOS';
117 # These OSes complain if you want to remove a file that you have no
118 # write permission to:
119 my $force_writeable = ($^O eq 'os2' || $^O eq 'dos' || $^O eq 'MSWin32' ||
120 $^O eq 'amigaos' || $^O eq 'MacOS' || $^O eq 'epoc');
123 my($paths, $verbose, $mode) = @_;
124 # $paths -- either a path string or ref to list of paths
125 # $verbose -- optional print "mkdir $path" for each directory created
126 # $mode -- optional permissions, defaults to 0777
127 local($")=$Is_MacOS ? ":" : "/";
128 $mode = 0777 unless defined($mode);
129 $paths = [$paths] unless ref $paths;
131 foreach $path (@$paths) {
132 $path .= '/' if $^O eq 'os2' and $path =~ /^\w:\z/s; # feature of CRT
133 # Logic wants Unix paths, so go with the flow.
135 next if $path eq '/';
136 $path = VMS::Filespec::unixify($path);
137 if ($path =~ m:^(/[^/]+)/?\z:) {
138 $path = $1.'/000000';
142 my $parent = File::Basename::dirname($path);
143 unless (-d $parent or $path eq $parent) {
144 push(@created,mkpath($parent, $verbose, $mode));
146 print "mkdir $path\n" if $verbose;
147 unless (mkdir($path,$mode)) {
149 # allow for another process to have created it meanwhile
150 croak "mkdir $path: $e" unless -d $path;
152 push(@created, $path);
158 my($roots, $verbose, $safe) = @_;
164 if ( defined($roots) && length($roots) ) {
165 $roots = [$roots] unless ref $roots;
168 carp "No root path(s) specified\n";
173 foreach $root (@{$roots}) {
175 $root = ":$root" if $root !~ /:/;
176 $root =~ s#([^:])\z#$1:#;
180 (undef, undef, my $rp) = lstat $root or next;
181 $rp &= 07777; # don't forget setuid, setgid, sticky bits
183 # notabene: 0777 is for making readable in the first place,
184 # it's also intended to change it to writable in case we have
185 # to recurse in which case we are better than rm -rf for
186 # subtrees with strange permissions
187 chmod(0777, ($Is_VMS ? VMS::Filespec::fileify($root) : $root))
188 or carp "Can't make directory $root read+writeable: $!"
191 if (opendir my $d, $root) {
193 if (!defined ${"\cTAINT"} or ${"\cTAINT"}) {
194 # Blindly untaint dir names
195 @files = map { /^(.*)$/s ; $1 } readdir $d;
202 carp "Can't read $root: $!";
206 # Deleting large numbers of files from VMS Files-11 filesystems
207 # is faster if done in reverse ASCIIbetical order
208 @files = reverse @files if $Is_VMS;
209 ($root = VMS::Filespec::unixify($root)) =~ s#\.dir\z## if $Is_VMS;
211 @files = map("$root$_", @files);
213 @files = map("$root/$_", grep $_!~/^\.{1,2}\z/s,@files);
215 $count += rmtree(\@files,$verbose,$safe);
217 ($Is_VMS ? !&VMS::Filespec::candelete($root) : !-w $root)) {
218 print "skipped $root\n" if $verbose;
222 or carp "Can't make directory $root writeable: $!"
224 print "rmdir $root\n" if $verbose;
229 carp "Can't remove directory $root: $!";
230 chmod($rp, ($Is_VMS ? VMS::Filespec::fileify($root) : $root))
231 or carp("and can't restore permissions to "
232 . sprintf("0%o",$rp) . "\n");
237 ($Is_VMS ? !&VMS::Filespec::candelete($root)
238 : !(-l $root || -w $root)))
240 print "skipped $root\n" if $verbose;
244 or carp "Can't make file $root writeable: $!"
246 print "unlink $root\n" if $verbose;
247 # delete all versions under VMS
249 unless (unlink $root) {
250 carp "Can't unlink file $root: $!";
251 if ($force_writeable) {
253 or carp("and can't restore permissions to "
254 . sprintf("0%o",$rp) . "\n");
259 last unless $Is_VMS && lstat $root;