5 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
11 mkpath(['/foo/bar/baz', 'blurfl/quux'], 1, 0711);
12 rmtree(['foo/bar/baz', 'blurfl/quux'], 1, 1);
16 The C<mkpath> function provides a convenient way to create directories, even
17 if your C<mkdir> kernel call won't create more than one level of directory at
18 a time. C<mkpath> takes three arguments:
24 the name of the path to create, or a reference
25 to a list of paths to create,
29 a boolean value, which if TRUE will cause C<mkpath>
30 to print the name of each directory as it is created
31 (defaults to FALSE), and
35 the numeric mode to use when creating the directories
40 It returns a list of all directories (including intermediates, determined
41 using the Unix '/' separator) created.
43 Similarly, the C<rmtree> function provides a convenient way to delete a
44 subtree from the directory structure, much like the Unix command C<rm -r>.
45 C<rmtree> takes three arguments:
51 the root of the subtree to delete, or a reference to
52 a list of roots. All of the files and directories
53 below each root, as well as the roots themselves,
58 a boolean value, which if TRUE will cause C<rmtree> to
59 print a message each time it examines a file, giving the
60 name of the file, and indicating whether it's using C<rmdir>
61 or C<unlink> to remove it, or that it's skipping it.
66 a boolean value, which if TRUE will cause C<rmtree> to
67 skip any files to which you do not have delete access
68 (if running under VMS) or write access (if running
69 under another OS). This will change in the future when
70 a criterion for 'delete permission' under OSs other
71 than VMS is settled. (defaults to FALSE)
75 It returns the number of files successfully deleted. Symlinks are
76 treated as ordinary files.
78 B<NOTE:> If the third parameter is not TRUE, C<rmtree> is B<unsecure>
79 in the face of failure or interruption. Files and directories which
80 were not deleted may be left with permissions reset to allow world
81 read and write access. Note also that the occurrence of errors in
82 rmtree can be determined I<only> by trapping diagnostic messages
83 using C<$SIG{__WARN__}>; it is not apparent from the return value.
84 Therefore, you must be extremely careful about using C<rmtree($foo,$bar,0>
85 in situations where security is an issue.
89 Tim Bunce <F<Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk>> and
90 Charles Bailey <F<bailey@newman.upenn.edu>>
96 use File::Basename ();
100 our $VERSION = "1.0403";
101 our @ISA = qw( Exporter );
102 our @EXPORT = qw( mkpath rmtree );
104 my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
106 # These OSes complain if you want to remove a file that you have no
107 # write permission to:
108 my $force_writeable = ($^O eq 'os2' || $^O eq 'dos' || $^O eq 'MSWin32'
109 || $^O eq 'amigaos');
112 my($paths, $verbose, $mode) = @_;
113 # $paths -- either a path string or ref to list of paths
114 # $verbose -- optional print "mkdir $path" for each directory created
115 # $mode -- optional permissions, defaults to 0777
117 $mode = 0777 unless defined($mode);
118 $paths = [$paths] unless ref $paths;
120 foreach $path (@$paths) {
121 $path .= '/' if $^O eq 'os2' and $path =~ /^\w:$/; # feature of CRT
123 # Logic wants Unix paths, so go with the flow.
124 $path = VMS::Filespec::unixify($path) if $Is_VMS;
125 my $parent = File::Basename::dirname($path);
126 # Allow for creation of new logical filesystems under VMS
127 if (not $Is_VMS or $parent !~ m:/[^/]+/000000/?:) {
128 unless (-d $parent or $path eq $parent) {
129 push(@created,mkpath($parent, $verbose, $mode));
132 print "mkdir $path\n" if $verbose;
133 unless (mkdir($path,$mode)) {
135 # allow for another process to have created it meanwhile
136 croak "mkdir $path: $e" unless -d $path;
138 push(@created, $path);
144 my($roots, $verbose, $safe) = @_;
150 if ( defined($roots) && length($roots) ) {
151 $roots = [$roots] unless ref $roots;
154 carp "No root path(s) specified\n";
159 foreach $root (@{$roots}) {
161 (undef, undef, my $rp) = lstat $root or next;
162 $rp &= 07777; # don't forget setuid, setgid, sticky bits
164 # notabene: 0777 is for making readable in the first place,
165 # it's also intended to change it to writable in case we have
166 # to recurse in which case we are better than rm -rf for
167 # subtrees with strange permissions
168 chmod(0777, ($Is_VMS ? VMS::Filespec::fileify($root) : $root))
169 or carp "Can't make directory $root read+writeable: $!"
172 if (opendir my $d, $root) {
177 carp "Can't read $root: $!";
181 # Deleting large numbers of files from VMS Files-11 filesystems
182 # is faster if done in reverse ASCIIbetical order
183 @files = reverse @files if $Is_VMS;
184 ($root = VMS::Filespec::unixify($root)) =~ s#\.dir$## if $Is_VMS;
185 @files = map("$root/$_", grep $_!~/^\.{1,2}$/,@files);
186 $count += rmtree(\@files,$verbose,$safe);
188 ($Is_VMS ? !&VMS::Filespec::candelete($root) : !-w $root)) {
189 print "skipped $root\n" if $verbose;
193 or carp "Can't make directory $root writeable: $!"
195 print "rmdir $root\n" if $verbose;
200 carp "Can't remove directory $root: $!";
201 chmod($rp, ($Is_VMS ? VMS::Filespec::fileify($root) : $root))
202 or carp("and can't restore permissions to "
203 . sprintf("0%o",$rp) . "\n");
208 ($Is_VMS ? !&VMS::Filespec::candelete($root) : !-w $root)) {
209 print "skipped $root\n" if $verbose;
213 or carp "Can't make file $root writeable: $!"
215 print "unlink $root\n" if $verbose;
216 # delete all versions under VMS
218 unless (unlink $root) {
219 carp "Can't unlink file $root: $!";
220 if ($force_writeable) {
222 or carp("and can't restore permissions to "
223 . sprintf("0%o",$rp) . "\n");
228 last unless $Is_VMS && lstat $root;