1 # File/Copy.pm. Written in 1994 by Aaron Sherman <ajs@ajs.com>. This
2 # source code has been placed in the public domain by the author.
3 # Please be kind and preserve the documentation.
5 # Additions copyright 1996 by Charles Bailey. Permission is granted
6 # to distribute the revised code under the same terms as Perl itself.
12 use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $VERSION $Too_Big
13 © &syscopy &cp &mv);
15 # Note that this module implements only *part* of the API defined by
16 # the File/Copy.pm module of the File-Tools-2.0 package. However, that
17 # package has not yet been updated to work with Perl 5.004, and so it
18 # would be a Bad Thing for the CPAN module to grab it and replace this
19 # module. Therefore, we set this module's version higher than 2.0.
24 @EXPORT = qw(copy move);
25 @EXPORT_OK = qw(cp mv);
27 $Too_Big = 1024 * 1024 * 2;
29 sub _catname { # Will be replaced by File::Spec when it arrives
31 if (not defined &basename) {
32 require File::Basename;
33 import File::Basename 'basename';
35 if ($^O eq 'VMS') { $to = VMS::Filespec::vmspath($to) . basename($from); }
36 elsif ($^O eq 'MacOS') { $to .= ':' . basename($from); }
37 elsif ($to =~ m|\\|) { $to .= '\\' . basename($from); }
38 else { $to .= '/' . basename($from); }
42 croak("Usage: copy(FROM, TO [, BUFFERSIZE]) ")
43 unless(@_ == 2 || @_ == 3);
48 my $from_a_handle = (ref($from)
49 ? (ref($from) eq 'GLOB'
50 || UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'GLOB')
51 || UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'IO::Handle'))
52 : (ref(\$from) eq 'GLOB'));
53 my $to_a_handle = (ref($to)
55 || UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'GLOB')
56 || UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'IO::Handle'))
57 : (ref(\$to) eq 'GLOB'));
59 if (!$from_a_handle && !$to_a_handle && -d $to && ! -d $from) {
60 $to = _catname($from, $to);
63 if (defined &syscopy && \&syscopy != \©
65 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'os2' ) # OS/2 cannot handle handles
66 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'mpeix') # and neither can MPE/iX.
67 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'MSWin32')
70 return syscopy($from, $to);
75 my ($size, $status, $r, $buf);
80 *FROM = *$from{FILEHANDLE};
82 $from = "./$from" if $from =~ /^\s/;
83 open(FROM, "< $from\0") or goto fail_open1;
84 binmode FROM or die "($!,$^E)";
89 *TO = *$to{FILEHANDLE};
91 $to = "./$to" if $to =~ /^\s/;
92 open(TO,"> $to\0") or goto fail_open2;
93 binmode TO or die "($!,$^E)";
98 $size = shift(@_) + 0;
99 croak("Bad buffer size for copy: $size\n") unless ($size > 0);
102 $size = 1024 if ($size < 512);
103 $size = $Too_Big if ($size > $Too_Big);
109 defined($r = sysread(FROM, $buf, $size))
112 for ($w = 0; $w < $r; $w += $t) {
113 $t = syswrite(TO, $buf, $r - $w, $w)
118 close(TO) || goto fail_open2 if $closeto;
119 close(FROM) || goto fail_open1 if $closefrom;
121 # Use this idiom to avoid uninitialized value warning.
124 # All of these contortions try to preserve error messages...
130 $! = $status unless $!;
137 $! = $status unless $!;
145 my($copied,$fromsz,$tosz1,$tomt1,$tosz2,$tomt2,$sts,$ossts);
147 if (-d $to && ! -d $from) {
148 $to = _catname($from, $to);
151 ($tosz1,$tomt1) = (stat($to))[7,9];
153 if ($^O eq 'os2' and defined $tosz1 and defined $fromsz) {
154 # will not rename with overwrite
157 return 1 if rename $from, $to;
159 ($sts,$ossts) = ($! + 0, $^E + 0);
160 # Did rename return an error even though it succeeded, because $to
161 # is on a remote NFS file system, and NFS lost the server's ack?
162 return 1 if defined($fromsz) && !-e $from && # $from disappeared
163 (($tosz2,$tomt2) = (stat($to))[7,9]) && # $to's there
164 ($tosz1 != $tosz2 or $tomt1 != $tomt2) && # and changed
165 $tosz2 == $fromsz; # it's all there
167 ($tosz1,$tomt1) = (stat($to))[7,9]; # just in case rename did something
168 return 1 if ($copied = copy($from,$to)) && unlink($from);
170 ($tosz2,$tomt2) = ((stat($to))[7,9],0,0) if defined $tomt1;
171 unlink($to) if !defined($tomt1) or $tomt1 != $tomt2 or $tosz1 != $tosz2;
172 ($!,$^E) = ($sts,$ossts);
179 # &syscopy is an XSUB under OS/2
180 unless (defined &syscopy) {
182 *syscopy = \&rmscopy;
183 } elsif ($^O eq 'mpeix') {
185 return 0 unless @_ == 2;
186 # Use the MPE cp program in order to
187 # preserve MPE file attributes.
188 return system('/bin/cp', '-f', $_[0], $_[1]) == 0;
190 } elsif ($^O eq 'MSWin32') {
192 return 0 unless @_ == 2;
193 return Win32::CopyFile(@_, 1);
206 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
212 copy("file1","file2");
213 copy("Copy.pm",\*STDOUT);'
214 move("/dev1/fileA","/dev2/fileB");
219 $n=FileHandle->new("/dev/null","r");
224 The File::Copy module provides two basic functions, C<copy> and
225 C<move>, which are useful for getting the contents of a file from
226 one place to another.
232 The C<copy> function takes two
233 parameters: a file to copy from and a file to copy to. Either
234 argument may be a string, a FileHandle reference or a FileHandle
235 glob. Obviously, if the first argument is a filehandle of some
236 sort, it will be read from, and if it is a file I<name> it will
237 be opened for reading. Likewise, the second argument will be
238 written to (and created if need be).
240 B<Note that passing in
241 files as handles instead of names may lead to loss of information
242 on some operating systems; it is recommended that you use file
243 names whenever possible.> Files are opened in binary mode where
244 applicable. To get a consistent behaviour when copying from a
245 filehandle to a file, use C<binmode> on the filehandle.
247 An optional third parameter can be used to specify the buffer
248 size used for copying. This is the number of bytes from the
249 first file, that wil be held in memory at any given time, before
250 being written to the second file. The default buffer size depends
251 upon the file, but will generally be the whole file (up to 2Mb), or
252 1k for filehandles that do not reference files (eg. sockets).
254 You may use the syntax C<use File::Copy "cp"> to get at the
255 "cp" alias for this function. The syntax is I<exactly> the same.
259 The C<move> function also takes two parameters: the current name
260 and the intended name of the file to be moved. If the destination
261 already exists and is a directory, and the source is not a
262 directory, then the source file will be renamed into the directory
263 specified by the destination.
265 If possible, move() will simply rename the file. Otherwise, it copies
266 the file to the new location and deletes the original. If an error occurs
267 during this copy-and-delete process, you may be left with a (possibly partial)
268 copy of the file under the destination name.
270 You may use the "mv" alias for this function in the same way that
271 you may use the "cp" alias for C<copy>.
275 File::Copy also provides the C<syscopy> routine, which copies the
276 file specified in the first parameter to the file specified in the
277 second parameter, preserving OS-specific attributes and file
278 structure. For Unix systems, this is equivalent to the simple
279 C<copy> routine. For VMS systems, this calls the C<rmscopy>
280 routine (see below). For OS/2 systems, this calls the C<syscopy>
281 XSUB directly. For Win32 systems, this calls C<Win32::CopyFile>.
283 =head2 Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
285 If both arguments to C<copy> are not file handles,
286 then C<copy> will perform a "system copy" of
287 the input file to a new output file, in order to preserve file
288 attributes, indexed file structure, I<etc.> The buffer size
289 parameter is ignored. If either argument to C<copy> is a
290 handle to an opened file, then data is copied using Perl
291 operators, and no effort is made to preserve file attributes
294 The system copy routine may also be called directly under VMS and OS/2
295 as C<File::Copy::syscopy> (or under VMS as C<File::Copy::rmscopy>, which
296 is the routine that does the actual work for syscopy).
300 =item rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
302 The first and second arguments may be strings, typeglobs, typeglob
303 references, or objects inheriting from IO::Handle;
304 they are used in all cases to obtain the
305 I<filespec> of the input and output files, respectively. The
306 name and type of the input file are used as defaults for the
307 output file, if necessary.
309 A new version of the output file is always created, which
310 inherits the structure and RMS attributes of the input file,
311 except for owner and protections (and possibly timestamps;
312 see below). All data from the input file is copied to the
313 output file; if either of the first two parameters to C<rmscopy>
314 is a file handle, its position is unchanged. (Note that this
315 means a file handle pointing to the output file will be
316 associated with an old version of that file after C<rmscopy>
317 returns, not the newly created version.)
319 The third parameter is an integer flag, which tells C<rmscopy>
320 how to handle timestamps. If it is E<lt> 0, none of the input file's
321 timestamps are propagated to the output file. If it is E<gt> 0, then
322 it is interpreted as a bitmask: if bit 0 (the LSB) is set, then
323 timestamps other than the revision date are propagated; if bit 1
324 is set, the revision date is propagated. If the third parameter
325 to C<rmscopy> is 0, then it behaves much like the DCL COPY command:
326 if the name or type of the output file was explicitly specified,
327 then no timestamps are propagated, but if they were taken implicitly
328 from the input filespec, then all timestamps other than the
329 revision date are propagated. If this parameter is not supplied,
332 Like C<copy>, C<rmscopy> returns 1 on success. If an error occurs,
333 it sets C<$!>, deletes the output file, and returns 0.
339 All functions return 1 on success, 0 on failure.
340 $! will be set if an error was encountered.
344 File::Copy was written by Aaron Sherman I<E<lt>ajs@ajs.comE<gt>> in 1995,
345 and updated by Charles Bailey I<E<lt>bailey@newman.upenn.eduE<gt>> in 1996.