1 # File/Copy.pm. Written in 1994 by Aaron Sherman <ajs@ajs.com>. This
2 # source code has been placed in the public domain by the author.
3 # Please be kind and preserve the documentation.
5 # Additions copyright 1996 by Charles Bailey. Permission is granted
6 # to distribute the revised code under the same terms as Perl itself.
15 our(@ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK, $VERSION, $Too_Big, $Syscopy_is_copy);
21 # Note that this module implements only *part* of the API defined by
22 # the File/Copy.pm module of the File-Tools-2.0 package. However, that
23 # package has not yet been updated to work with Perl 5.004, and so it
24 # would be a Bad Thing for the CPAN module to grab it and replace this
25 # module. Therefore, we set this module's version higher than 2.0.
30 @EXPORT = qw(copy move);
31 @EXPORT_OK = qw(cp mv);
33 $Too_Big = 1024 * 1024 * 2;
37 if (not defined &basename) {
38 require File::Basename;
39 import File::Basename 'basename';
43 # a partial dir name that's valid only in the cwd (e.g. 'tmp')
44 $to = ':' . $to if $to !~ /:/;
47 return File::Spec->catfile($to, basename($from));
51 croak("Usage: copy(FROM, TO [, BUFFERSIZE]) ")
52 unless(@_ == 2 || @_ == 3);
57 my $from_a_handle = (ref($from)
58 ? (ref($from) eq 'GLOB'
59 || UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'GLOB')
60 || UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'IO::Handle'))
61 : (ref(\$from) eq 'GLOB'));
62 my $to_a_handle = (ref($to)
64 || UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'GLOB')
65 || UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'IO::Handle'))
66 : (ref(\$to) eq 'GLOB'));
68 if (!$from_a_handle && !$to_a_handle && -d $to && ! -d $from) {
69 $to = _catname($from, $to);
72 if (defined &syscopy && !$Syscopy_is_copy
74 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'os2' ) # OS/2 cannot handle handles
75 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'mpeix') # and neither can MPE/iX.
76 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'MSWin32')
77 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'MacOS')
78 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'NetWare')
81 return syscopy($from, $to);
86 my ($size, $status, $r, $buf);
93 $from = _protect($from) if $from =~ /^\s/s;
94 $from_h = \do { local *FH };
95 open($from_h, "< $from\0") or goto fail_open1;
96 binmode $from_h or die "($!,$^E)";
104 $to = _protect($to) if $to =~ /^\s/s;
105 $to_h = \do { local *FH };
106 open($to_h,"> $to\0") or goto fail_open2;
107 binmode $to_h or die "($!,$^E)";
112 $size = shift(@_) + 0;
113 croak("Bad buffer size for copy: $size\n") unless ($size > 0);
115 no warnings 'uninitialized';
117 $size = 1024 if ($size < 512);
118 $size = $Too_Big if ($size > $Too_Big);
124 defined($r = sysread($from_h, $buf, $size))
127 for ($w = 0; $w < $r; $w += $t) {
128 $t = syswrite($to_h, $buf, $r - $w, $w)
133 close($to_h) || goto fail_open2 if $closeto;
134 close($from_h) || goto fail_open1 if $closefrom;
136 # Use this idiom to avoid uninitialized value warning.
139 # All of these contortions try to preserve error messages...
145 $! = $status unless $!;
152 $! = $status unless $!;
160 my($copied,$fromsz,$tosz1,$tomt1,$tosz2,$tomt2,$sts,$ossts);
162 if (-d $to && ! -d $from) {
163 $to = _catname($from, $to);
166 ($tosz1,$tomt1) = (stat($to))[7,9];
168 if ($^O eq 'os2' and defined $tosz1 and defined $fromsz) {
169 # will not rename with overwrite
172 return 1 if rename $from, $to;
174 ($sts,$ossts) = ($! + 0, $^E + 0);
175 # Did rename return an error even though it succeeded, because $to
176 # is on a remote NFS file system, and NFS lost the server's ack?
177 return 1 if defined($fromsz) && !-e $from && # $from disappeared
178 (($tosz2,$tomt2) = (stat($to))[7,9]) && # $to's there
179 ($tosz1 != $tosz2 or $tomt1 != $tomt2) && # and changed
180 $tosz2 == $fromsz; # it's all there
182 ($tosz1,$tomt1) = (stat($to))[7,9]; # just in case rename did something
183 return 1 if ($copied = copy($from,$to)) && unlink($from);
185 ($tosz2,$tomt2) = ((stat($to))[7,9],0,0) if defined $tomt1;
186 unlink($to) if !defined($tomt1) or $tomt1 != $tomt2 or $tosz1 != $tosz2;
187 ($!,$^E) = ($sts,$ossts);
195 if ($^O eq 'MacOS') {
196 *_protect = sub { MacPerl::MakeFSSpec($_[0]) };
198 *_protect = sub { "./$_[0]" };
201 # &syscopy is an XSUB under OS/2
202 unless (defined &syscopy) {
204 *syscopy = \&rmscopy;
205 } elsif ($^O eq 'mpeix') {
207 return 0 unless @_ == 2;
208 # Use the MPE cp program in order to
209 # preserve MPE file attributes.
210 return system('/bin/cp', '-f', $_[0], $_[1]) == 0;
212 } elsif ($^O eq 'MSWin32') {
214 return 0 unless @_ == 2;
215 return Win32::CopyFile(@_, 1);
217 } elsif ($^O eq 'MacOS') {
218 require Mac::MoreFiles;
223 return 0 unless -e $from;
225 if ($to =~ /(.*:)([^:]+):?$/) {
226 ($dir, $toname) = ($1, $2);
228 ($dir, $toname) = (":", $to);
232 Mac::MoreFiles::FSpFileCopy($from, $dir, $toname, 1);
235 $Syscopy_is_copy = 1;
246 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
252 copy("file1","file2");
253 copy("Copy.pm",\*STDOUT);'
254 move("/dev1/fileA","/dev2/fileB");
259 $n = FileHandle->new("/a/file","r");
264 The File::Copy module provides two basic functions, C<copy> and
265 C<move>, which are useful for getting the contents of a file from
266 one place to another.
272 The C<copy> function takes two
273 parameters: a file to copy from and a file to copy to. Either
274 argument may be a string, a FileHandle reference or a FileHandle
275 glob. Obviously, if the first argument is a filehandle of some
276 sort, it will be read from, and if it is a file I<name> it will
277 be opened for reading. Likewise, the second argument will be
278 written to (and created if need be).
280 B<Note that passing in
281 files as handles instead of names may lead to loss of information
282 on some operating systems; it is recommended that you use file
283 names whenever possible.> Files are opened in binary mode where
284 applicable. To get a consistent behaviour when copying from a
285 filehandle to a file, use C<binmode> on the filehandle.
287 An optional third parameter can be used to specify the buffer
288 size used for copying. This is the number of bytes from the
289 first file, that wil be held in memory at any given time, before
290 being written to the second file. The default buffer size depends
291 upon the file, but will generally be the whole file (up to 2Mb), or
292 1k for filehandles that do not reference files (eg. sockets).
294 You may use the syntax C<use File::Copy "cp"> to get at the
295 "cp" alias for this function. The syntax is I<exactly> the same.
299 The C<move> function also takes two parameters: the current name
300 and the intended name of the file to be moved. If the destination
301 already exists and is a directory, and the source is not a
302 directory, then the source file will be renamed into the directory
303 specified by the destination.
305 If possible, move() will simply rename the file. Otherwise, it copies
306 the file to the new location and deletes the original. If an error occurs
307 during this copy-and-delete process, you may be left with a (possibly partial)
308 copy of the file under the destination name.
310 You may use the "mv" alias for this function in the same way that
311 you may use the "cp" alias for C<copy>.
315 File::Copy also provides the C<syscopy> routine, which copies the
316 file specified in the first parameter to the file specified in the
317 second parameter, preserving OS-specific attributes and file
318 structure. For Unix systems, this is equivalent to the simple
319 C<copy> routine. For VMS systems, this calls the C<rmscopy>
320 routine (see below). For OS/2 systems, this calls the C<syscopy>
321 XSUB directly. For Win32 systems, this calls C<Win32::CopyFile>.
323 =head2 Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
325 If both arguments to C<copy> are not file handles,
326 then C<copy> will perform a "system copy" of
327 the input file to a new output file, in order to preserve file
328 attributes, indexed file structure, I<etc.> The buffer size
329 parameter is ignored. If either argument to C<copy> is a
330 handle to an opened file, then data is copied using Perl
331 operators, and no effort is made to preserve file attributes
334 The system copy routine may also be called directly under VMS and OS/2
335 as C<File::Copy::syscopy> (or under VMS as C<File::Copy::rmscopy>, which
336 is the routine that does the actual work for syscopy).
340 =item rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
342 The first and second arguments may be strings, typeglobs, typeglob
343 references, or objects inheriting from IO::Handle;
344 they are used in all cases to obtain the
345 I<filespec> of the input and output files, respectively. The
346 name and type of the input file are used as defaults for the
347 output file, if necessary.
349 A new version of the output file is always created, which
350 inherits the structure and RMS attributes of the input file,
351 except for owner and protections (and possibly timestamps;
352 see below). All data from the input file is copied to the
353 output file; if either of the first two parameters to C<rmscopy>
354 is a file handle, its position is unchanged. (Note that this
355 means a file handle pointing to the output file will be
356 associated with an old version of that file after C<rmscopy>
357 returns, not the newly created version.)
359 The third parameter is an integer flag, which tells C<rmscopy>
360 how to handle timestamps. If it is E<lt> 0, none of the input file's
361 timestamps are propagated to the output file. If it is E<gt> 0, then
362 it is interpreted as a bitmask: if bit 0 (the LSB) is set, then
363 timestamps other than the revision date are propagated; if bit 1
364 is set, the revision date is propagated. If the third parameter
365 to C<rmscopy> is 0, then it behaves much like the DCL COPY command:
366 if the name or type of the output file was explicitly specified,
367 then no timestamps are propagated, but if they were taken implicitly
368 from the input filespec, then all timestamps other than the
369 revision date are propagated. If this parameter is not supplied,
372 Like C<copy>, C<rmscopy> returns 1 on success. If an error occurs,
373 it sets C<$!>, deletes the output file, and returns 0.
379 All functions return 1 on success, 0 on failure.
380 $! will be set if an error was encountered.
388 On Mac OS (Classic), the path separator is ':', not '/', and the
389 current directory is denoted as ':', not '.'. You should be careful
390 about specifying relative pathnames. While a full path always begins
391 with a volume name, a relative pathname should always begin with a
392 ':'. If specifying a volume name only, a trailing ':' is required.
396 copy("file1", "tmp"); # creates the file 'tmp' in the current directory
397 copy("file1", ":tmp:"); # creates :tmp:file1
398 copy("file1", ":tmp"); # same as above
399 copy("file1", "tmp"); # same as above, if 'tmp' is a directory (but don't do
400 # that, since it may cause confusion, see example #1)
401 copy("file1", "tmp:file1"); # error, since 'tmp:' is not a volume
402 copy("file1", ":tmp:file1"); # ok, partial path
403 copy("file1", "DataHD:"); # creates DataHD:file1
405 move("MacintoshHD:fileA", "DataHD:fileB"); # moves (don't copies) files from one
412 File::Copy was written by Aaron Sherman I<E<lt>ajs@ajs.comE<gt>> in 1995,
413 and updated by Charles Bailey I<E<lt>bailey@newman.upenn.eduE<gt>> in 1996.