1 # File/Copy.pm. Written in 1994 by Aaron Sherman <ajs@ajs.com>. This
2 # source code has been placed in the public domain by the author.
3 # Please be kind and preserve the documentation.
5 # Additions copyright 1996 by Charles Bailey. Permission is granted
6 # to distribute the revised code under the same terms as Perl itself.
15 our(@ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK, $VERSION, $Too_Big, $Syscopy_is_copy);
21 # Note that this module implements only *part* of the API defined by
22 # the File/Copy.pm module of the File-Tools-2.0 package. However, that
23 # package has not yet been updated to work with Perl 5.004, and so it
24 # would be a Bad Thing for the CPAN module to grab it and replace this
25 # module. Therefore, we set this module's version higher than 2.0.
30 @EXPORT = qw(copy move);
31 @EXPORT_OK = qw(cp mv);
33 $Too_Big = 1024 * 1024 * 2;
47 $macfiles = eval { require Mac::MoreFiles };
48 warn 'Mac::MoreFiles could not be loaded; using non-native syscopy'
54 if (not defined &basename) {
55 require File::Basename;
56 import File::Basename 'basename';
60 # a partial dir name that's valid only in the cwd (e.g. 'tmp')
61 $to = ':' . $to if $to !~ /:/;
64 return File::Spec->catfile($to, basename($from));
68 croak("Usage: copy(FROM, TO [, BUFFERSIZE]) ")
69 unless(@_ == 2 || @_ == 3);
74 my $from_a_handle = (ref($from)
75 ? (ref($from) eq 'GLOB'
76 || UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'GLOB')
77 || UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'IO::Handle'))
78 : (ref(\$from) eq 'GLOB'));
79 my $to_a_handle = (ref($to)
81 || UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'GLOB')
82 || UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'IO::Handle'))
83 : (ref(\$to) eq 'GLOB'));
85 if ($from eq $to) { # works for references, too
86 carp("'$from' and '$to' are identical (not copied)");
87 # The "copy" was a success as the source and destination contain
92 if ((($Config{d_symlink} && $Config{d_readlink}) || $Config{d_link}) &&
93 !($^O eq 'MSWin32' || $^O eq 'os2' || $^O eq 'vms')) {
97 if (@ts && $fs[0] == $ts[0] && $fs[1] == $ts[1]) {
98 carp("'$from' and '$to' are identical (not copied)");
104 if (!$from_a_handle && !$to_a_handle && -d $to && ! -d $from) {
105 $to = _catname($from, $to);
108 if (defined &syscopy && !$Syscopy_is_copy
110 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'os2' ) # OS/2 cannot handle handles
111 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'mpeix') # and neither can MPE/iX.
112 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'MSWin32')
113 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'MacOS')
114 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'NetWare')
117 return syscopy($from, $to);
122 my ($size, $status, $r, $buf);
126 if ($from_a_handle) {
129 $from = _protect($from) if $from =~ /^\s/s;
130 $from_h = \do { local *FH };
131 open($from_h, "< $from\0") or goto fail_open1;
132 binmode $from_h or die "($!,$^E)";
140 $to = _protect($to) if $to =~ /^\s/s;
141 $to_h = \do { local *FH };
142 open($to_h,"> $to\0") or goto fail_open2;
143 binmode $to_h or die "($!,$^E)";
148 $size = shift(@_) + 0;
149 croak("Bad buffer size for copy: $size\n") unless ($size > 0);
151 $size = tied(*$from_h) ? 0 : -s $from_h || 0;
152 $size = 1024 if ($size < 512);
153 $size = $Too_Big if ($size > $Too_Big);
159 defined($r = sysread($from_h, $buf, $size))
162 for ($w = 0; $w < $r; $w += $t) {
163 $t = syswrite($to_h, $buf, $r - $w, $w)
168 close($to_h) || goto fail_open2 if $closeto;
169 close($from_h) || goto fail_open1 if $closefrom;
171 # Use this idiom to avoid uninitialized value warning.
174 # All of these contortions try to preserve error messages...
180 $! = $status unless $!;
187 $! = $status unless $!;
194 croak("Usage: move(FROM, TO) ") unless @_ == 2;
198 my($fromsz,$tosz1,$tomt1,$tosz2,$tomt2,$sts,$ossts);
200 if (-d $to && ! -d $from) {
201 $to = _catname($from, $to);
204 ($tosz1,$tomt1) = (stat($to))[7,9];
206 if ($^O eq 'os2' and defined $tosz1 and defined $fromsz) {
207 # will not rename with overwrite
210 return 1 if rename $from, $to;
212 # Did rename return an error even though it succeeded, because $to
213 # is on a remote NFS file system, and NFS lost the server's ack?
214 return 1 if defined($fromsz) && !-e $from && # $from disappeared
215 (($tosz2,$tomt2) = (stat($to))[7,9]) && # $to's there
216 ($tosz1 != $tosz2 or $tomt1 != $tomt2) && # and changed
217 $tosz2 == $fromsz; # it's all there
219 ($tosz1,$tomt1) = (stat($to))[7,9]; # just in case rename did something
225 copy($from,$to) or die;
226 my($atime, $mtime) = (stat($from))[8,9];
227 utime($atime, $mtime, $to);
228 unlink($from) or die;
232 ($sts,$ossts) = ($! + 0, $^E + 0);
234 ($tosz2,$tomt2) = ((stat($to))[7,9],0,0) if defined $tomt1;
235 unlink($to) if !defined($tomt1) or $tomt1 != $tomt2 or $tosz1 != $tosz2;
236 ($!,$^E) = ($sts,$ossts);
244 if ($^O eq 'MacOS') {
245 *_protect = sub { MacPerl::MakeFSSpec($_[0]) };
247 *_protect = sub { "./$_[0]" };
250 # &syscopy is an XSUB under OS/2
251 unless (defined &syscopy) {
253 *syscopy = \&rmscopy;
254 } elsif ($^O eq 'mpeix') {
256 return 0 unless @_ == 2;
257 # Use the MPE cp program in order to
258 # preserve MPE file attributes.
259 return system('/bin/cp', '-f', $_[0], $_[1]) == 0;
261 } elsif ($^O eq 'MSWin32' && defined &DynaLoader::boot_DynaLoader) {
262 # Win32::CopyFile() fill only work if we can load Win32.xs
264 return 0 unless @_ == 2;
265 return Win32::CopyFile(@_, 1);
267 } elsif ($macfiles) {
272 return 0 unless -e $from;
274 if ($to =~ /(.*:)([^:]+):?$/) {
275 ($dir, $toname) = ($1, $2);
277 ($dir, $toname) = (":", $to);
281 Mac::MoreFiles::FSpFileCopy($from, $dir, $toname, 1);
284 $Syscopy_is_copy = 1;
295 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
301 copy("file1","file2") or die "Copy failed: $!";
302 copy("Copy.pm",\*STDOUT);
303 move("/dev1/fileA","/dev2/fileB");
307 $n = FileHandle->new("/a/file","r");
312 The File::Copy module provides two basic functions, C<copy> and
313 C<move>, which are useful for getting the contents of a file from
314 one place to another.
321 The C<copy> function takes two
322 parameters: a file to copy from and a file to copy to. Either
323 argument may be a string, a FileHandle reference or a FileHandle
324 glob. Obviously, if the first argument is a filehandle of some
325 sort, it will be read from, and if it is a file I<name> it will
326 be opened for reading. Likewise, the second argument will be
327 written to (and created if need be). Trying to copy a file on top
328 of itself is a fatal error.
330 B<Note that passing in
331 files as handles instead of names may lead to loss of information
332 on some operating systems; it is recommended that you use file
333 names whenever possible.> Files are opened in binary mode where
334 applicable. To get a consistent behaviour when copying from a
335 filehandle to a file, use C<binmode> on the filehandle.
337 An optional third parameter can be used to specify the buffer
338 size used for copying. This is the number of bytes from the
339 first file, that wil be held in memory at any given time, before
340 being written to the second file. The default buffer size depends
341 upon the file, but will generally be the whole file (up to 2Mb), or
342 1k for filehandles that do not reference files (eg. sockets).
344 You may use the syntax C<use File::Copy "cp"> to get at the
345 "cp" alias for this function. The syntax is I<exactly> the same.
348 X<move> X<mv> X<rename>
350 The C<move> function also takes two parameters: the current name
351 and the intended name of the file to be moved. If the destination
352 already exists and is a directory, and the source is not a
353 directory, then the source file will be renamed into the directory
354 specified by the destination.
356 If possible, move() will simply rename the file. Otherwise, it copies
357 the file to the new location and deletes the original. If an error occurs
358 during this copy-and-delete process, you may be left with a (possibly partial)
359 copy of the file under the destination name.
361 You may use the "mv" alias for this function in the same way that
362 you may use the "cp" alias for C<copy>.
367 File::Copy also provides the C<syscopy> routine, which copies the
368 file specified in the first parameter to the file specified in the
369 second parameter, preserving OS-specific attributes and file
370 structure. For Unix systems, this is equivalent to the simple
371 C<copy> routine, which doesn't preserve OS-specific attributes. For
372 VMS systems, this calls the C<rmscopy> routine (see below). For OS/2
373 systems, this calls the C<syscopy> XSUB directly. For Win32 systems,
374 this calls C<Win32::CopyFile>.
376 On Mac OS (Classic), C<syscopy> calls C<Mac::MoreFiles::FSpFileCopy>,
379 B<Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)>
381 If both arguments to C<copy> are not file handles,
382 then C<copy> will perform a "system copy" of
383 the input file to a new output file, in order to preserve file
384 attributes, indexed file structure, I<etc.> The buffer size
385 parameter is ignored. If either argument to C<copy> is a
386 handle to an opened file, then data is copied using Perl
387 operators, and no effort is made to preserve file attributes
390 The system copy routine may also be called directly under VMS and OS/2
391 as C<File::Copy::syscopy> (or under VMS as C<File::Copy::rmscopy>, which
392 is the routine that does the actual work for syscopy).
394 =item rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
397 The first and second arguments may be strings, typeglobs, typeglob
398 references, or objects inheriting from IO::Handle;
399 they are used in all cases to obtain the
400 I<filespec> of the input and output files, respectively. The
401 name and type of the input file are used as defaults for the
402 output file, if necessary.
404 A new version of the output file is always created, which
405 inherits the structure and RMS attributes of the input file,
406 except for owner and protections (and possibly timestamps;
407 see below). All data from the input file is copied to the
408 output file; if either of the first two parameters to C<rmscopy>
409 is a file handle, its position is unchanged. (Note that this
410 means a file handle pointing to the output file will be
411 associated with an old version of that file after C<rmscopy>
412 returns, not the newly created version.)
414 The third parameter is an integer flag, which tells C<rmscopy>
415 how to handle timestamps. If it is E<lt> 0, none of the input file's
416 timestamps are propagated to the output file. If it is E<gt> 0, then
417 it is interpreted as a bitmask: if bit 0 (the LSB) is set, then
418 timestamps other than the revision date are propagated; if bit 1
419 is set, the revision date is propagated. If the third parameter
420 to C<rmscopy> is 0, then it behaves much like the DCL COPY command:
421 if the name or type of the output file was explicitly specified,
422 then no timestamps are propagated, but if they were taken implicitly
423 from the input filespec, then all timestamps other than the
424 revision date are propagated. If this parameter is not supplied,
427 Like C<copy>, C<rmscopy> returns 1 on success. If an error occurs,
428 it sets C<$!>, deletes the output file, and returns 0.
434 All functions return 1 on success, 0 on failure.
435 $! will be set if an error was encountered.
443 On Mac OS (Classic), the path separator is ':', not '/', and the
444 current directory is denoted as ':', not '.'. You should be careful
445 about specifying relative pathnames. While a full path always begins
446 with a volume name, a relative pathname should always begin with a
447 ':'. If specifying a volume name only, a trailing ':' is required.
451 copy("file1", "tmp"); # creates the file 'tmp' in the current directory
452 copy("file1", ":tmp:"); # creates :tmp:file1
453 copy("file1", ":tmp"); # same as above
454 copy("file1", "tmp"); # same as above, if 'tmp' is a directory (but don't do
455 # that, since it may cause confusion, see example #1)
456 copy("file1", "tmp:file1"); # error, since 'tmp:' is not a volume
457 copy("file1", ":tmp:file1"); # ok, partial path
458 copy("file1", "DataHD:"); # creates DataHD:file1
460 move("MacintoshHD:fileA", "DataHD:fileB"); # moves (don't copies) files from one
467 File::Copy was written by Aaron Sherman I<E<lt>ajs@ajs.comE<gt>> in 1995,
468 and updated by Charles Bailey I<E<lt>bailey@newman.upenn.eduE<gt>> in 1996.