1 # File/Copy.pm. Written in 1994 by Aaron Sherman <ajs@ajs.com>. This
2 # source code has been placed in the public domain by the author.
3 # Please be kind and preserve the documentation.
5 # Additions copyright 1996 by Charles Bailey. Permission is granted
6 # to distribute the revised code under the same terms as Perl itself.
15 # During perl build, we need File::Copy but Fcntl might not be built yet
16 my $Fcntl_loaded = eval q{ use Fcntl qw [O_CREAT O_WRONLY O_TRUNC]; 1 };
17 our(@ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK, $VERSION, $Too_Big, $Syscopy_is_copy);
27 @EXPORT = qw(copy move);
28 @EXPORT_OK = qw(cp mv);
30 $Too_Big = 1024 * 1024 * 2;
44 $macfiles = eval { require Mac::MoreFiles };
45 warn 'Mac::MoreFiles could not be loaded; using non-native syscopy'
51 if (not defined &basename) {
52 require File::Basename;
53 import File::Basename 'basename';
57 # a partial dir name that's valid only in the cwd (e.g. 'tmp')
58 $to = ':' . $to if $to !~ /:/;
61 return File::Spec->catfile($to, basename($from));
64 # _eq($from, $to) tells whether $from and $to are identical
65 # works for strings and references
67 return $_[0] == $_[1] if ref $_[0] && ref $_[1];
68 return $_[0] eq $_[1] if !ref $_[0] && !ref $_[1];
73 croak("Usage: copy(FROM, TO [, BUFFERSIZE]) ")
74 unless(@_ == 2 || @_ == 3);
81 $size = shift(@_) + 0;
82 croak("Bad buffer size for copy: $size\n") unless ($size > 0);
85 my $from_a_handle = (ref($from)
86 ? (ref($from) eq 'GLOB'
87 || UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'GLOB')
88 || UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'IO::Handle'))
89 : (ref(\$from) eq 'GLOB'));
90 my $to_a_handle = (ref($to)
92 || UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'GLOB')
93 || UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'IO::Handle'))
94 : (ref(\$to) eq 'GLOB'));
96 if (_eq($from, $to)) { # works for references, too
97 carp("'$from' and '$to' are identical (not copied)");
98 # The "copy" was a success as the source and destination contain
103 if ((($Config{d_symlink} && $Config{d_readlink}) || $Config{d_link}) &&
104 !($^O eq 'MSWin32' || $^O eq 'os2')) {
105 my @fs = stat($from);
108 if (@ts && $fs[0] == $ts[0] && $fs[1] == $ts[1]) {
109 carp("'$from' and '$to' are identical (not copied)");
115 if (!$from_a_handle && !$to_a_handle && -d $to && ! -d $from) {
116 $to = _catname($from, $to);
119 if (defined &syscopy && !$Syscopy_is_copy
121 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'os2' ) # OS/2 cannot handle handles
122 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'mpeix') # and neither can MPE/iX.
123 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'MSWin32')
124 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'MacOS')
125 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'NetWare')
130 if ($^O eq 'VMS' && -e $from) {
132 if (! -d $to && ! -d $from) {
134 # VMS has sticky defaults on extensions, which means that
135 # if there is a null extension on the destination file, it
136 # will inherit the extension of the source file
137 # So add a '.' for a null extension.
139 $copy_to = VMS::Filespec::vmsify($to);
140 my ($vol, $dirs, $file) = File::Spec->splitpath($copy_to);
141 $file = $file . '.' unless ($file =~ /(?<!\^)\./);
142 $copy_to = File::Spec->catpath($vol, $dirs, $file);
144 # Get rid of the old versions to be like UNIX
145 1 while unlink $copy_to;
149 return syscopy($from, $copy_to);
154 my ($status, $r, $buf);
158 if ($from_a_handle) {
161 open $from_h, "<", $from or goto fail_open1;
162 binmode $from_h or die "($!,$^E)";
166 # Seems most logical to do this here, in case future changes would want to
167 # make this croak for some reason.
168 unless (defined $size) {
169 $size = tied(*$from_h) ? 0 : -s $from_h || 0;
170 $size = 1024 if ($size < 512);
171 $size = $Too_Big if ($size > $Too_Big);
178 $to = _protect($to) if $to =~ /^\s/s;
180 my $perm = (stat $from_h) [2] & 0xFFF;
181 sysopen $to_h, $to, O_CREAT() | O_TRUNC() | O_WRONLY(), $perm
185 $to_h = \do { local *FH };
186 open $to_h, ">", $to or goto fail_open2;
188 binmode $to_h or die "($!,$^E)";
195 defined($r = sysread($from_h, $buf, $size))
198 for ($w = 0; $w < $r; $w += $t) {
199 $t = syswrite($to_h, $buf, $r - $w, $w)
204 close($to_h) || goto fail_open2 if $closeto;
205 close($from_h) || goto fail_open1 if $closefrom;
207 # Use this idiom to avoid uninitialized value warning.
210 # All of these contortions try to preserve error messages...
216 $! = $status unless $!;
223 $! = $status unless $!;
230 croak("Usage: move(FROM, TO) ") unless @_ == 2;
234 my($fromsz,$tosz1,$tomt1,$tosz2,$tomt2,$sts,$ossts);
236 if (-d $to && ! -d $from) {
237 $to = _catname($from, $to);
240 ($tosz1,$tomt1) = (stat($to))[7,9];
242 if ($^O eq 'os2' and defined $tosz1 and defined $fromsz) {
243 # will not rename with overwrite
248 if (-$^O eq 'VMS' && -e $from) {
250 if (! -d $to && ! -d $from) {
251 # VMS has sticky defaults on extensions, which means that
252 # if there is a null extension on the destination file, it
253 # will inherit the extension of the source file
254 # So add a '.' for a null extension.
256 $rename_to = VMS::Filespec::vmsify($to);
257 my ($vol, $dirs, $file) = File::Spec->splitpath($rename_to);
258 $file = $file . '.' unless ($file =~ /(?<!\^)\./);
259 $rename_to = File::Spec->catpath($vol, $dirs, $file);
261 # Get rid of the old versions to be like UNIX
262 1 while unlink $rename_to;
266 return 1 if rename $from, $rename_to;
268 # Did rename return an error even though it succeeded, because $to
269 # is on a remote NFS file system, and NFS lost the server's ack?
270 return 1 if defined($fromsz) && !-e $from && # $from disappeared
271 (($tosz2,$tomt2) = (stat($to))[7,9]) && # $to's there
272 ((!defined $tosz1) || # not before or
273 ($tosz1 != $tosz2 or $tomt1 != $tomt2)) && # was changed
274 $tosz2 == $fromsz; # it's all there
276 ($tosz1,$tomt1) = (stat($to))[7,9]; # just in case rename did something
282 copy($from,$to) or die;
283 my($atime, $mtime) = (stat($from))[8,9];
284 utime($atime, $mtime, $to);
285 unlink($from) or die;
289 ($sts,$ossts) = ($! + 0, $^E + 0);
291 ($tosz2,$tomt2) = ((stat($to))[7,9],0,0) if defined $tomt1;
292 unlink($to) if !defined($tomt1) or $tomt1 != $tomt2 or $tosz1 != $tosz2;
293 ($!,$^E) = ($sts,$ossts);
300 # &syscopy is an XSUB under OS/2
301 unless (defined &syscopy) {
303 *syscopy = \&rmscopy;
304 } elsif ($^O eq 'mpeix') {
306 return 0 unless @_ == 2;
307 # Use the MPE cp program in order to
308 # preserve MPE file attributes.
309 return system('/bin/cp', '-f', $_[0], $_[1]) == 0;
311 } elsif ($^O eq 'MSWin32' && defined &DynaLoader::boot_DynaLoader) {
312 # Win32::CopyFile() fill only work if we can load Win32.xs
314 return 0 unless @_ == 2;
315 return Win32::CopyFile(@_, 1);
317 } elsif ($macfiles) {
322 return 0 unless -e $from;
324 if ($to =~ /(.*:)([^:]+):?$/) {
325 ($dir, $toname) = ($1, $2);
327 ($dir, $toname) = (":", $to);
331 Mac::MoreFiles::FSpFileCopy($from, $dir, $toname, 1);
334 $Syscopy_is_copy = 1;
345 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
351 copy("file1","file2") or die "Copy failed: $!";
352 copy("Copy.pm",\*STDOUT);
353 move("/dev1/fileA","/dev2/fileB");
357 $n = FileHandle->new("/a/file","r");
362 The File::Copy module provides two basic functions, C<copy> and
363 C<move>, which are useful for getting the contents of a file from
364 one place to another.
371 The C<copy> function takes two
372 parameters: a file to copy from and a file to copy to. Either
373 argument may be a string, a FileHandle reference or a FileHandle
374 glob. Obviously, if the first argument is a filehandle of some
375 sort, it will be read from, and if it is a file I<name> it will
376 be opened for reading. Likewise, the second argument will be
377 written to (and created if need be). Trying to copy a file on top
378 of itself is a fatal error.
380 B<Note that passing in
381 files as handles instead of names may lead to loss of information
382 on some operating systems; it is recommended that you use file
383 names whenever possible.> Files are opened in binary mode where
384 applicable. To get a consistent behaviour when copying from a
385 filehandle to a file, use C<binmode> on the filehandle.
387 An optional third parameter can be used to specify the buffer
388 size used for copying. This is the number of bytes from the
389 first file, that will be held in memory at any given time, before
390 being written to the second file. The default buffer size depends
391 upon the file, but will generally be the whole file (up to 2MB), or
392 1k for filehandles that do not reference files (eg. sockets).
394 You may use the syntax C<use File::Copy "cp"> to get at the
395 "cp" alias for this function. The syntax is I<exactly> the same.
397 As of version 2.13, on UNIX systems, "copy" will preserve permission
398 bits like the shell utility C<cp> would do.
401 X<move> X<mv> X<rename>
403 The C<move> function also takes two parameters: the current name
404 and the intended name of the file to be moved. If the destination
405 already exists and is a directory, and the source is not a
406 directory, then the source file will be renamed into the directory
407 specified by the destination.
409 If possible, move() will simply rename the file. Otherwise, it copies
410 the file to the new location and deletes the original. If an error occurs
411 during this copy-and-delete process, you may be left with a (possibly partial)
412 copy of the file under the destination name.
414 You may use the "mv" alias for this function in the same way that
415 you may use the "cp" alias for C<copy>.
420 File::Copy also provides the C<syscopy> routine, which copies the
421 file specified in the first parameter to the file specified in the
422 second parameter, preserving OS-specific attributes and file
423 structure. For Unix systems, this is equivalent to the simple
424 C<copy> routine, which doesn't preserve OS-specific attributes. For
425 VMS systems, this calls the C<rmscopy> routine (see below). For OS/2
426 systems, this calls the C<syscopy> XSUB directly. For Win32 systems,
427 this calls C<Win32::CopyFile>.
429 On Mac OS (Classic), C<syscopy> calls C<Mac::MoreFiles::FSpFileCopy>,
432 B<Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)>:
434 If both arguments to C<copy> are not file handles,
435 then C<copy> will perform a "system copy" of
436 the input file to a new output file, in order to preserve file
437 attributes, indexed file structure, I<etc.> The buffer size
438 parameter is ignored. If either argument to C<copy> is a
439 handle to an opened file, then data is copied using Perl
440 operators, and no effort is made to preserve file attributes
443 The system copy routine may also be called directly under VMS and OS/2
444 as C<File::Copy::syscopy> (or under VMS as C<File::Copy::rmscopy>, which
445 is the routine that does the actual work for syscopy).
447 =item rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
450 The first and second arguments may be strings, typeglobs, typeglob
451 references, or objects inheriting from IO::Handle;
452 they are used in all cases to obtain the
453 I<filespec> of the input and output files, respectively. The
454 name and type of the input file are used as defaults for the
455 output file, if necessary.
457 A new version of the output file is always created, which
458 inherits the structure and RMS attributes of the input file,
459 except for owner and protections (and possibly timestamps;
460 see below). All data from the input file is copied to the
461 output file; if either of the first two parameters to C<rmscopy>
462 is a file handle, its position is unchanged. (Note that this
463 means a file handle pointing to the output file will be
464 associated with an old version of that file after C<rmscopy>
465 returns, not the newly created version.)
467 The third parameter is an integer flag, which tells C<rmscopy>
468 how to handle timestamps. If it is E<lt> 0, none of the input file's
469 timestamps are propagated to the output file. If it is E<gt> 0, then
470 it is interpreted as a bitmask: if bit 0 (the LSB) is set, then
471 timestamps other than the revision date are propagated; if bit 1
472 is set, the revision date is propagated. If the third parameter
473 to C<rmscopy> is 0, then it behaves much like the DCL COPY command:
474 if the name or type of the output file was explicitly specified,
475 then no timestamps are propagated, but if they were taken implicitly
476 from the input filespec, then all timestamps other than the
477 revision date are propagated. If this parameter is not supplied,
480 Like C<copy>, C<rmscopy> returns 1 on success. If an error occurs,
481 it sets C<$!>, deletes the output file, and returns 0.
487 All functions return 1 on success, 0 on failure.
488 $! will be set if an error was encountered.
496 On Mac OS (Classic), the path separator is ':', not '/', and the
497 current directory is denoted as ':', not '.'. You should be careful
498 about specifying relative pathnames. While a full path always begins
499 with a volume name, a relative pathname should always begin with a
500 ':'. If specifying a volume name only, a trailing ':' is required.
504 copy("file1", "tmp"); # creates the file 'tmp' in the current directory
505 copy("file1", ":tmp:"); # creates :tmp:file1
506 copy("file1", ":tmp"); # same as above
507 copy("file1", "tmp"); # same as above, if 'tmp' is a directory (but don't do
508 # that, since it may cause confusion, see example #1)
509 copy("file1", "tmp:file1"); # error, since 'tmp:' is not a volume
510 copy("file1", ":tmp:file1"); # ok, partial path
511 copy("file1", "DataHD:"); # creates DataHD:file1
513 move("MacintoshHD:fileA", "DataHD:fileB"); # moves (doesn't copy) files from one
520 File::Copy was written by Aaron Sherman I<E<lt>ajs@ajs.comE<gt>> in 1995,
521 and updated by Charles Bailey I<E<lt>bailey@newman.upenn.eduE<gt>> in 1996.