1 # File/Copy.pm. Written in 1994 by Aaron Sherman <ajs@ajs.com>. This
2 # source code has been placed in the public domain by the author.
3 # Please be kind and preserve the documentation.
5 # Additions copyright 1996 by Charles Bailey. Permission is granted
6 # to distribute the revised code under the same terms as Perl itself.
12 use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $VERSION $Too_Big
13 © &syscopy &cp &mv $Syscopy_is_copy);
15 # Note that this module implements only *part* of the API defined by
16 # the File/Copy.pm module of the File-Tools-2.0 package. However, that
17 # package has not yet been updated to work with Perl 5.004, and so it
18 # would be a Bad Thing for the CPAN module to grab it and replace this
19 # module. Therefore, we set this module's version higher than 2.0.
24 @EXPORT = qw(copy move);
25 @EXPORT_OK = qw(cp mv);
27 $Too_Big = 1024 * 1024 * 2;
29 sub _catname { # Will be replaced by File::Spec when it arrives
31 if (not defined &basename) {
32 require File::Basename;
33 import File::Basename 'basename';
35 if ($^O eq 'VMS') { $to = VMS::Filespec::vmspath($to) . basename($from); }
36 elsif ($^O eq 'MacOS') { $to .= ':' . basename($from); }
37 elsif ($to =~ m|\\|) { $to .= '\\' . basename($from); }
38 else { $to .= '/' . basename($from); }
42 croak("Usage: copy(FROM, TO [, BUFFERSIZE]) ")
43 unless(@_ == 2 || @_ == 3);
48 my $from_a_handle = (ref($from)
49 ? (ref($from) eq 'GLOB'
50 || UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'GLOB')
51 || UNIVERSAL::isa($from, 'IO::Handle'))
52 : (ref(\$from) eq 'GLOB'));
53 my $to_a_handle = (ref($to)
55 || UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'GLOB')
56 || UNIVERSAL::isa($to, 'IO::Handle'))
57 : (ref(\$to) eq 'GLOB'));
59 if (!$from_a_handle && !$to_a_handle && -d $to && ! -d $from) {
60 $to = _catname($from, $to);
63 if (defined &syscopy && !$Syscopy_is_copy
65 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'os2' ) # OS/2 cannot handle handles
66 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'mpeix') # and neither can MPE/iX.
67 && !($from_a_handle && $^O eq 'MSWin32')
70 return syscopy($from, $to);
75 my ($size, $status, $r, $buf);
80 *FROM = *$from{FILEHANDLE};
82 $from = "./$from" if $from =~ /^\s/;
83 open(FROM, "< $from\0") or goto fail_open1;
84 binmode FROM or die "($!,$^E)";
89 *TO = *$to{FILEHANDLE};
91 $to = "./$to" if $to =~ /^\s/;
92 open(TO,"> $to\0") or goto fail_open2;
93 binmode TO or die "($!,$^E)";
98 $size = shift(@_) + 0;
99 croak("Bad buffer size for copy: $size\n") unless ($size > 0);
102 $size = 1024 if ($size < 512);
103 $size = $Too_Big if ($size > $Too_Big);
109 defined($r = sysread(FROM, $buf, $size))
112 for ($w = 0; $w < $r; $w += $t) {
113 $t = syswrite(TO, $buf, $r - $w, $w)
118 close(TO) || goto fail_open2 if $closeto;
119 close(FROM) || goto fail_open1 if $closefrom;
121 # Use this idiom to avoid uninitialized value warning.
124 # All of these contortions try to preserve error messages...
130 $! = $status unless $!;
137 $! = $status unless $!;
145 my($copied,$fromsz,$tosz1,$tomt1,$tosz2,$tomt2,$sts,$ossts);
147 if (-d $to && ! -d $from) {
148 $to = _catname($from, $to);
151 ($tosz1,$tomt1) = (stat($to))[7,9];
153 if ($^O eq 'os2' and defined $tosz1 and defined $fromsz) {
154 # will not rename with overwrite
157 return 1 if rename $from, $to;
159 ($sts,$ossts) = ($! + 0, $^E + 0);
160 # Did rename return an error even though it succeeded, because $to
161 # is on a remote NFS file system, and NFS lost the server's ack?
162 return 1 if defined($fromsz) && !-e $from && # $from disappeared
163 (($tosz2,$tomt2) = (stat($to))[7,9]) && # $to's there
164 ($tosz1 != $tosz2 or $tomt1 != $tomt2) && # and changed
165 $tosz2 == $fromsz; # it's all there
167 ($tosz1,$tomt1) = (stat($to))[7,9]; # just in case rename did something
168 return 1 if ($copied = copy($from,$to)) && unlink($from);
170 ($tosz2,$tomt2) = ((stat($to))[7,9],0,0) if defined $tomt1;
171 unlink($to) if !defined($tomt1) or $tomt1 != $tomt2 or $tosz1 != $tosz2;
172 ($!,$^E) = ($sts,$ossts);
179 # &syscopy is an XSUB under OS/2
180 unless (defined &syscopy) {
182 *syscopy = \&rmscopy;
183 } elsif ($^O eq 'mpeix') {
185 return 0 unless @_ == 2;
186 # Use the MPE cp program in order to
187 # preserve MPE file attributes.
188 return system('/bin/cp', '-f', $_[0], $_[1]) == 0;
190 } elsif ($^O eq 'MSWin32') {
192 return 0 unless @_ == 2;
193 return Win32::CopyFile(@_, 1);
196 $Syscopy_is_copy = 1;
207 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
213 copy("file1","file2");
214 copy("Copy.pm",\*STDOUT);'
215 move("/dev1/fileA","/dev2/fileB");
220 $n=FileHandle->new("/dev/null","r");
225 The File::Copy module provides two basic functions, C<copy> and
226 C<move>, which are useful for getting the contents of a file from
227 one place to another.
233 The C<copy> function takes two
234 parameters: a file to copy from and a file to copy to. Either
235 argument may be a string, a FileHandle reference or a FileHandle
236 glob. Obviously, if the first argument is a filehandle of some
237 sort, it will be read from, and if it is a file I<name> it will
238 be opened for reading. Likewise, the second argument will be
239 written to (and created if need be).
241 B<Note that passing in
242 files as handles instead of names may lead to loss of information
243 on some operating systems; it is recommended that you use file
244 names whenever possible.> Files are opened in binary mode where
245 applicable. To get a consistent behaviour when copying from a
246 filehandle to a file, use C<binmode> on the filehandle.
248 An optional third parameter can be used to specify the buffer
249 size used for copying. This is the number of bytes from the
250 first file, that wil be held in memory at any given time, before
251 being written to the second file. The default buffer size depends
252 upon the file, but will generally be the whole file (up to 2Mb), or
253 1k for filehandles that do not reference files (eg. sockets).
255 You may use the syntax C<use File::Copy "cp"> to get at the
256 "cp" alias for this function. The syntax is I<exactly> the same.
260 The C<move> function also takes two parameters: the current name
261 and the intended name of the file to be moved. If the destination
262 already exists and is a directory, and the source is not a
263 directory, then the source file will be renamed into the directory
264 specified by the destination.
266 If possible, move() will simply rename the file. Otherwise, it copies
267 the file to the new location and deletes the original. If an error occurs
268 during this copy-and-delete process, you may be left with a (possibly partial)
269 copy of the file under the destination name.
271 You may use the "mv" alias for this function in the same way that
272 you may use the "cp" alias for C<copy>.
276 File::Copy also provides the C<syscopy> routine, which copies the
277 file specified in the first parameter to the file specified in the
278 second parameter, preserving OS-specific attributes and file
279 structure. For Unix systems, this is equivalent to the simple
280 C<copy> routine. For VMS systems, this calls the C<rmscopy>
281 routine (see below). For OS/2 systems, this calls the C<syscopy>
282 XSUB directly. For Win32 systems, this calls C<Win32::CopyFile>.
284 =head2 Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
286 If both arguments to C<copy> are not file handles,
287 then C<copy> will perform a "system copy" of
288 the input file to a new output file, in order to preserve file
289 attributes, indexed file structure, I<etc.> The buffer size
290 parameter is ignored. If either argument to C<copy> is a
291 handle to an opened file, then data is copied using Perl
292 operators, and no effort is made to preserve file attributes
295 The system copy routine may also be called directly under VMS and OS/2
296 as C<File::Copy::syscopy> (or under VMS as C<File::Copy::rmscopy>, which
297 is the routine that does the actual work for syscopy).
301 =item rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
303 The first and second arguments may be strings, typeglobs, typeglob
304 references, or objects inheriting from IO::Handle;
305 they are used in all cases to obtain the
306 I<filespec> of the input and output files, respectively. The
307 name and type of the input file are used as defaults for the
308 output file, if necessary.
310 A new version of the output file is always created, which
311 inherits the structure and RMS attributes of the input file,
312 except for owner and protections (and possibly timestamps;
313 see below). All data from the input file is copied to the
314 output file; if either of the first two parameters to C<rmscopy>
315 is a file handle, its position is unchanged. (Note that this
316 means a file handle pointing to the output file will be
317 associated with an old version of that file after C<rmscopy>
318 returns, not the newly created version.)
320 The third parameter is an integer flag, which tells C<rmscopy>
321 how to handle timestamps. If it is E<lt> 0, none of the input file's
322 timestamps are propagated to the output file. If it is E<gt> 0, then
323 it is interpreted as a bitmask: if bit 0 (the LSB) is set, then
324 timestamps other than the revision date are propagated; if bit 1
325 is set, the revision date is propagated. If the third parameter
326 to C<rmscopy> is 0, then it behaves much like the DCL COPY command:
327 if the name or type of the output file was explicitly specified,
328 then no timestamps are propagated, but if they were taken implicitly
329 from the input filespec, then all timestamps other than the
330 revision date are propagated. If this parameter is not supplied,
333 Like C<copy>, C<rmscopy> returns 1 on success. If an error occurs,
334 it sets C<$!>, deletes the output file, and returns 0.
340 All functions return 1 on success, 0 on failure.
341 $! will be set if an error was encountered.
345 File::Copy was written by Aaron Sherman I<E<lt>ajs@ajs.comE<gt>> in 1995,
346 and updated by Charles Bailey I<E<lt>bailey@newman.upenn.eduE<gt>> in 1996.