1 package File::Basename;
5 fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
7 basename - extract just the filename from a path
9 dirname - extract just the directory from a path
15 ($name,$path,$suffix) = fileparse($fullname,@suffixlist)
16 fileparse_set_fstype($os_string);
17 $basename = basename($fullname,@suffixlist);
18 $dirname = dirname($fullname);
20 ($name,$path,$suffix) = fileparse("lib/File/Basename.pm","\.pm");
21 fileparse_set_fstype("VMS");
22 $basename = basename("lib/File/Basename.pm",".pm");
23 $dirname = dirname("lib/File/Basename.pm");
27 These routines allow you to parse file specifications into useful
28 pieces using the syntax of different operating systems.
32 =item fileparse_set_fstype
34 You select the syntax via the routine fileparse_set_fstype().
35 If the argument passed to it contains one of the substrings
36 "VMS", "MSDOS", "MacOS" or "AmigaOS", the file specification
37 syntax of that operating system is used in future calls to
38 fileparse(), basename(), and dirname(). If it contains none of
39 these substrings, UNIX syntax is used. This pattern matching is
40 case-insensitive. If you've selected VMS syntax, and the file
41 specification you pass to one of these routines contains a "/",
42 they assume you are using UNIX emulation and apply the UNIX syntax
43 rules instead, for that function call only.
45 If you haven't called fileparse_set_fstype(), the syntax is chosen
46 by examining the builtin variable C<$^O> according to these rules.
50 The fileparse() routine divides a file specification into three
51 parts: a leading B<path>, a file B<name>, and a B<suffix>. The
52 B<path> contains everything up to and including the last directory
53 separator in the input file specification. The remainder of the input
54 file specification is then divided into B<name> and B<suffix> based on
55 the optional patterns you specify in C<@suffixlist>. Each element of
56 this list is interpreted as a regular expression, and is matched
57 against the end of B<name>. If this succeeds, the matching portion of
58 B<name> is removed and prepended to B<suffix>. By proper use of
59 C<@suffixlist>, you can remove file types or versions for examination.
61 You are guaranteed that if you concatenate B<path>, B<name>, and
62 B<suffix> together in that order, the result will denote the same
63 file as the input file specification.
69 Using UNIX file syntax:
71 ($base,$path,$type) = fileparse('/virgil/aeneid/draft.book7',
77 $path eq '/virgil/aeneid/',
80 Similarly, using VMS syntax:
82 ($name,$dir,$type) = fileparse('Doc_Root:[Help]Rhetoric.Rnh',
88 $dir eq 'Doc_Root:[Help]'
93 The basename() routine returns the first element of the list produced
94 by calling fileparse() with the same arguments, except that it always
95 quotes metacharacters in the given suffixes. It is provided for
96 programmer compatibility with the UNIX shell command basename(1).
100 The dirname() routine returns the directory portion of the input file
101 specification. When using VMS or MacOS syntax, this is identical to the
102 second element of the list produced by calling fileparse() with the same
103 input file specification. (Under VMS, if there is no directory information
104 in the input file specification, then the current default device and
105 directory are returned.) When using UNIX or MSDOS syntax, the return
106 value conforms to the behavior of the UNIX shell command dirname(1). This
107 is usually the same as the behavior of fileparse(), but differs in some
108 cases. For example, for the input file specification F<lib/>, fileparse()
109 considers the directory name to be F<lib/>, while dirname() considers the
110 directory name to be F<.>).
117 @EXPORT = qw(fileparse fileparse_set_fstype basename dirname);
119 #use vars qw($VERSION $Fileparse_fstype $Fileparse_fgcase);
123 # fileparse_set_fstype() - specify OS-based rules used in future
124 # calls to routines in this package
126 # Currently recognized values: VMS, MSDOS, MacOS, os2, AmigaOS
127 # Any other name uses Unix-style rules
129 sub fileparse_set_fstype {
130 my @old = ($Fileparse_fstype, $Fileparse_fgcase);
132 $Fileparse_fstype = $_[0];
133 $Fileparse_fgcase = ($_[0] =~ /^(?:MacOS|VMS|os2|AmigaOS)/i);
135 wantarray ? @old : $old[0];
138 # fileparse() - parse file specification
140 # Version 2.4 27-Sep-1996 Charles Bailey bailey@genetics.upenn.edu
144 my($fullname,@suffices) = @_;
145 my($fstype,$fgcase) = ($Fileparse_fstype, $Fileparse_fgcase);
146 my($dirpath,$tail,$suffix,$basename);
148 if ($fstype =~ /^VMS/i) {
149 if ($fullname =~ m#/#) { $fstype = '' } # We're doing Unix emulation
151 ($dirpath,$basename) = ($fullname =~ /^(.*[:>\]])?(.*)/);
154 if ($fstype =~ /^MSDOS/i) {
155 ($dirpath,$basename) = ($fullname =~ /^(.*[:\\\/])?(.*)/);
156 $dirpath .= '.\\' unless $dirpath =~ /[\\\/]$/;
158 elsif ($fstype =~ /^MacOS/i) {
159 ($dirpath,$basename) = ($fullname =~ /^(.*:)?(.*)/);
161 elsif ($fstype =~ /^AmigaOS/i) {
162 ($dirpath,$basename) = ($fullname =~ /(.*[:\/])?(.*)/);
164 elsif ($fstype !~ /^VMS/i) { # default to Unix
165 ($dirpath,$basename) = ($fullname =~ m#^(.*/)?(.*)#);
166 $dirpath = './' unless $dirpath;
171 foreach $suffix (@suffices) {
172 my $pat = ($fgcase ? '(?i)' : '') . "($suffix)\$";
173 if ($basename =~ s/$pat//) {
179 wantarray ? ($basename,$dirpath,$tail) : $basename;
183 # basename() - returns first element of list returned by fileparse()
187 (fileparse($name, map("\Q$_\E",@_)))[0];
191 # dirname() - returns device and directory portion of file specification
192 # Behavior matches that of Unix dirname(1) exactly for Unix and MSDOS
193 # filespecs except for names ending with a separator, e.g., "/xx/yy/".
194 # This differs from the second element of the list returned
195 # by fileparse() in that the trailing '/' (Unix) or '\' (MSDOS) (and
196 # the last directory name if the filespec ends in a '/' or '\'), is lost.
199 my($basename,$dirname) = fileparse($_[0]);
200 my($fstype) = $Fileparse_fstype;
202 if ($fstype =~ /VMS/i) {
203 if ($_[0] =~ m#/#) { $fstype = '' }
204 else { return $dirname || $ENV{DEFAULT} }
206 if ($fstype =~ /MacOS/i) { return $dirname }
207 elsif ($fstype =~ /MSDOS/i) {
208 $dirname =~ s/([^:])[\\\/]*$/$1/;
209 unless( length($basename) ) {
210 ($basename,$dirname) = fileparse $dirname;
211 $dirname =~ s/([^:])[\\\/]*$/$1/;
214 elsif ($fstype =~ /AmigaOS/i) {
215 if ( $dirname =~ /:$/) { return $dirname }
217 $dirname =~ s#[^:/]+$## unless length($basename);
220 $dirname =~ s:(.)/*$:$1:;
221 unless( length($basename) ) {
222 local($File::Basename::Fileparse_fstype) = $fstype;
223 ($basename,$dirname) = fileparse $dirname;
224 $dirname =~ s:(.)/*$:$1:;
231 fileparse_set_fstype $^O;