3 use 5.008; # 5.8.x needed for autodie
8 use constant LEXICAL_TAG => q{:lexical};
9 use constant VOID_TAG => q{:void};
11 use constant ERROR_NOARGS => 'Cannot use lexical %s with no arguments';
12 use constant ERROR_VOID_LEX => VOID_TAG.' cannot be used with lexical scope';
13 use constant ERROR_LEX_FIRST => LEXICAL_TAG.' must be used as first argument';
14 use constant ERROR_NO_LEX => "no %s can only start with ".LEXICAL_TAG;
15 use constant ERROR_BADNAME => "Bad subroutine name for %s: %s";
16 use constant ERROR_NOTSUB => "%s is not a Perl subroutine";
17 use constant ERROR_NOT_BUILT => "%s is neither a builtin, nor a Perl subroutine";
18 use constant ERROR_CANT_OVERRIDE => "Cannot make the non-overridable builtin %s fatal";
20 use constant ERROR_NO_IPC_SYS_SIMPLE => "IPC::System::Simple required for Fatalised/autodying system()";
22 use constant ERROR_IPC_SYS_SIMPLE_OLD => "IPC::System::Simple version %f required for Fatalised/autodying system(). We only have version %f";
24 use constant ERROR_AUTODIE_CONFLICT => q{"no autodie '%s'" is not allowed while "use Fatal '%s'" is in effect};
26 use constant ERROR_FATAL_CONFLICT => q{"use Fatal '%s'" is not allowed while "no autodie '%s'" is in effect};
28 # Older versions of IPC::System::Simple don't support all the
31 use constant MIN_IPC_SYS_SIMPLE_VER => 0.12;
33 # All the Fatal/autodie modules share the same version number.
34 our $VERSION = '1.997';
38 # EWOULDBLOCK values for systems that don't supply their own.
39 # Even though this is defined with our, that's to help our
40 # test code. Please don't rely upon this variable existing in
47 # We have some tags that can be passed in for use with import.
48 # These are all assumed to be CORE::
51 ':io' => [qw(:dbm :file :filesys :ipc :socket
52 read seek sysread syswrite sysseek )],
53 ':dbm' => [qw(dbmopen dbmclose)],
54 ':file' => [qw(open close flock sysopen fcntl fileno binmode
56 ':filesys' => [qw(opendir closedir chdir link unlink rename mkdir
57 symlink rmdir readlink umask)],
58 ':ipc' => [qw(:msg :semaphore :shm pipe)],
59 ':msg' => [qw(msgctl msgget msgrcv msgsnd)],
60 ':threads' => [qw(fork)],
61 ':semaphore'=>[qw(semctl semget semop)],
62 ':shm' => [qw(shmctl shmget shmread)],
63 ':system' => [qw(system exec)],
65 # Can we use qw(getpeername getsockname)? What do they do on failure?
66 # XXX - Can socket return false?
67 ':socket' => [qw(accept bind connect getsockopt listen recv send
68 setsockopt shutdown socketpair)],
70 # Our defaults don't include system(), because it depends upon
71 # an optional module, and it breaks the exotic form.
73 # This *may* change in the future. I'd love IPC::System::Simple
74 # to be a dependency rather than a recommendation, and hence for
75 # system() to be autodying by default.
77 ':default' => [qw(:io :threads)],
79 # Version specific tags. These allow someone to specify
80 # use autodie qw(:1.994) and know exactly what they'll get.
82 ':1.994' => [qw(:default)],
83 ':1.995' => [qw(:default)],
84 ':1.996' => [qw(:default)],
85 ':1.997' => [qw(:default)],
89 $TAGS{':all'} = [ keys %TAGS ];
91 # This hash contains subroutines for which we should
92 # subroutine() // die() rather than subroutine() || die()
96 # CORE::open returns undef on failure. It can legitimately return
97 # 0 on success, eg: open(my $fh, '-|') || exec(...);
113 # Cached_fatalised_sub caches the various versions of our
114 # fatalised subs as they're produced. This means we don't
115 # have to build our own replacement of CORE::open and friends
116 # for every single package that wants to use them.
118 my %Cached_fatalised_sub = ();
120 # Every time we're called with package scope, we record the subroutine
121 # (including package or CORE::) in %Package_Fatal. This allows us
122 # to detect illegal combinations of autodie and Fatal, and makes sure
123 # we don't accidently make a Fatal function autodying (which isn't
126 my %Package_Fatal = ();
128 # The first time we're called with a user-sub, we cache it here.
129 # In the case of a "no autodie ..." we put back the cached copy.
131 my %Original_user_sub = ();
133 # We use our package in a few hash-keys. Having it in a scalar is
134 # convenient. The "guard $PACKAGE" string is used as a key when
135 # setting up lexical guards.
137 my $PACKAGE = __PACKAGE__;
138 my $PACKAGE_GUARD = "guard $PACKAGE";
139 my $NO_PACKAGE = "no $PACKAGE"; # Used to detect 'no autodie'
141 # Here's where all the magic happens when someone write 'use Fatal'
145 my $class = shift(@_);
149 my ($pkg, $filename) = caller();
151 @_ or return; # 'use Fatal' is a no-op.
153 # If we see the :lexical flag, then _all_ arguments are
156 if ($_[0] eq LEXICAL_TAG) {
160 # If we see no arguments and :lexical, we assume they
164 push(@_, ':default');
167 # Don't allow :lexical with :void, it's needlessly confusing.
168 if ( grep { $_ eq VOID_TAG } @_ ) {
169 croak(ERROR_VOID_LEX);
173 if ( grep { $_ eq LEXICAL_TAG } @_ ) {
174 # If we see the lexical tag as the non-first argument, complain.
175 croak(ERROR_LEX_FIRST);
178 my @fatalise_these = @_;
180 # Thiese subs will get unloaded at the end of lexical scope.
183 # This hash helps us track if we've alredy done work.
186 # NB: we're using while/shift rather than foreach, since
187 # we'll be modifying the array as we walk through it.
189 while (my $func = shift @fatalise_these) {
191 if ($func eq VOID_TAG) {
193 # When we see :void, set the void flag.
196 } elsif (exists $TAGS{$func}) {
198 # When it's a tag, expand it.
199 push(@fatalise_these, @{ $TAGS{$func} });
203 # Otherwise, fatalise it.
205 # If we've already made something fatal this call,
206 # then don't do it twice.
208 next if $done_this{$func};
210 # We're going to make a subroutine fatalistic.
211 # However if we're being invoked with 'use Fatal qw(x)'
212 # and we've already been called with 'no autodie qw(x)'
213 # in the same scope, we consider this to be an error.
214 # Mixing Fatal and autodie effects was considered to be
215 # needlessly confusing on p5p.
218 $sub = "${pkg}::$sub" unless $sub =~ /::/;
220 # If we're being called as Fatal, and we've previously
221 # had a 'no X' in scope for the subroutine, then complain
224 if (! $lexical and $^H{$NO_PACKAGE}{$sub}) {
225 croak(sprintf(ERROR_FATAL_CONFLICT, $func, $func));
228 # We're not being used in a confusing way, so make
229 # the sub fatal. Note that _make_fatal returns the
230 # old (original) version of the sub, or undef for
233 my $sub_ref = $class->_make_fatal(
234 $func, $pkg, $void, $lexical, $filename
239 $Original_user_sub{$sub} ||= $sub_ref;
241 # If we're making lexical changes, we need to arrange
242 # for them to be cleaned at the end of our scope, so
245 $unload_later{$func} = $sub_ref if $lexical;
251 # Dark magic to have autodie work under 5.8
252 # Copied from namespace::clean, that copied it from
253 # autobox, that found it on an ancient scroll written
256 # This magic bit causes %^H to be lexically scoped.
260 # Our package guard gets invoked when we leave our lexical
263 push(@ { $^H{$PACKAGE_GUARD} }, autodie::Scope::Guard->new(sub {
264 $class->_install_subs($pkg, \%unload_later);
273 # The code here is originally lifted from namespace::clean,
274 # by Robert "phaylon" Sedlacek.
276 # It's been redesigned after feedback from ikegami on perlmonks.
277 # See http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=693338 . Ikegami rocks.
279 # Given a package, and hash of (subname => subref) pairs,
280 # we install the given subroutines into the package. If
281 # a subref is undef, the subroutine is removed. Otherwise
282 # it replaces any existing subs which were already there.
285 my ($class, $pkg, $subs_to_reinstate) = @_;
287 my $pkg_sym = "${pkg}::";
289 while(my ($sub_name, $sub_ref) = each %$subs_to_reinstate) {
291 my $full_path = $pkg_sym.$sub_name;
293 # Copy symbols across to temp area.
295 no strict 'refs'; ## no critic
297 local *__tmp = *{ $full_path };
300 { no strict; delete $pkg_sym->{$sub_name}; } ## no critic
302 # Copy innocent bystanders back.
304 foreach my $slot (qw( SCALAR ARRAY HASH IO FORMAT ) ) {
305 next unless defined *__tmp{ $slot };
306 *{ $full_path } = *__tmp{ $slot };
309 # Put back the old sub (if there was one).
313 no strict; ## no critic
314 *{ $pkg_sym . $sub_name } = $sub_ref;
324 # Calling "no Fatal" must start with ":lexical"
325 if ($_[0] ne LEXICAL_TAG) {
326 croak(sprintf(ERROR_NO_LEX,$class));
329 shift @_; # Remove :lexical
331 my $pkg = (caller)[0];
333 # If we've been called with arguments, then the developer
334 # has explicitly stated 'no autodie qw(blah)',
335 # in which case, we disable Fatalistic behaviour for 'blah'.
337 my @unimport_these = @_ ? @_ : ':all';
339 while (my $symbol = shift @unimport_these) {
341 if ($symbol =~ /^:/) {
343 # Looks like a tag! Expand it!
344 push(@unimport_these, @{ $TAGS{$symbol} });
350 $sub = "${pkg}::$sub" unless $sub =~ /::/;
352 # If 'blah' was already enabled with Fatal (which has package
353 # scope) then, this is considered an error.
355 if (exists $Package_Fatal{$sub}) {
356 croak(sprintf(ERROR_AUTODIE_CONFLICT,$symbol,$symbol));
359 # Record 'no autodie qw($sub)' as being in effect.
360 # This is to catch conflicting semantics elsewhere
361 # (eg, mixing Fatal with no autodie)
363 $^H{$NO_PACKAGE}{$sub} = 1;
365 if (my $original_sub = $Original_user_sub{$sub}) {
366 # Hey, we've got an original one of these, put it back.
367 $class->_install_subs($pkg, { $symbol => $original_sub });
371 # We don't have an original copy of the sub, on the assumption
372 # it's core (or doesn't exist), we'll just nuke it.
374 $class->_install_subs($pkg,{ $symbol => undef });
382 # TODO - This is rather terribly inefficient right now.
384 # NB: Perl::Critic's dump-autodie-tag-contents depends upon this
385 # continuing to work.
391 my ($class, $tag) = @_;
393 if (my $cached = $tag_cache{$tag}) {
397 if (not exists $TAGS{$tag}) {
398 croak "Invalid exception class $tag";
401 my @to_process = @{$TAGS{$tag}};
405 while (my $item = shift @to_process) {
407 push(@to_process, @{$TAGS{$item}} );
409 push(@taglist, "CORE::$item");
413 $tag_cache{$tag} = \@taglist;
421 # This code is from the original Fatal. It scares me.
425 my ($n, $isref, @out, @out1, $seen_semi) = -1;
426 while ($proto =~ /\S/) {
428 push(@out1,[$n,@out]) if $seen_semi;
429 push(@out, $1 . "{\$_[$n]}"), next if $proto =~ s/^\s*\\([\@%\$\&])//;
430 push(@out, "\$_[$n]"), next if $proto =~ s/^\s*([_*\$&])//;
431 push(@out, "\@_[$n..\$#_]"), last if $proto =~ s/^\s*(;\s*)?\@//;
432 $seen_semi = 1, $n--, next if $proto =~ s/^\s*;//; # XXXX ????
433 die "Internal error: Unknown prototype letters: \"$proto\"";
435 push(@out1,[$n+1,@out]);
439 # This generates the code that will become our fatalised subroutine.
441 sub write_invocation {
442 my ($class, $core, $call, $name, $void, $lexical, $sub, @argvs) = @_;
444 if (@argvs == 1) { # No optional arguments
446 my @argv = @{$argvs[0]};
449 return $class->one_invocation($core,$call,$name,$void,$sub,! $lexical,@argv);
453 my (@out, @argv, $n);
455 @argv = @{shift @argvs};
458 push @out, "${else}if (\@_ == $n) {\n";
461 push @out, $class->one_invocation($core,$call,$name,$void,$sub,! $lexical,@argv);
465 die "Internal error: $name(\@_): Do not expect to get ", scalar \@_, " arguments";
468 return join '', @out;
473 my ($class, $core, $call, $name, $void, $sub, $back_compat, @argv) = @_;
475 # If someone is calling us directly (a child class perhaps?) then
476 # they could try to mix void without enabling backwards
477 # compatibility. We just don't support this at all, so we gripe
478 # about it rather than doing something unwise.
480 if ($void and not $back_compat) {
481 Carp::confess("Internal error: :void mode not supported with $class");
484 # @argv only contains the results of the in-built prototype
485 # function, and is therefore safe to interpolate in the
486 # code generators below.
488 # TODO - The following clobbers context, but that's what the
489 # old Fatal did. Do we care?
493 # TODO - Use Fatal qw(system) is not yet supported. It should be!
495 if ($call eq 'CORE::system') {
497 croak("UNIMPLEMENTED: use Fatal qw(system) not yet supported.");
504 return qq/return (defined wantarray)?$call(@argv):
505 $call(@argv) || croak "Can't $name(\@_)/ .
506 ($core ? ': $!' : ', \$! is \"$!\"') . '"'
508 return qq{return $call(@argv) || croak "Can't $name(\@_)} .
509 ($core ? ': $!' : ', \$! is \"$!\"') . '"';
513 # The name of our original function is:
514 # $call if the function is CORE
515 # $sub if our function is non-CORE
517 # The reason for this is that $call is what we're actualling
518 # calling. For our core functions, this is always
519 # CORE::something. However for user-defined subs, we're about to
520 # replace whatever it is that we're calling; as such, we actually
521 # calling a subroutine ref.
523 # Unfortunately, none of this tells us the *ultimate* name.
524 # For example, if I export 'copy' from File::Copy, I'd like my
525 # ultimate name to be File::Copy::copy.
527 # TODO - Is there any way to find the ultimate name of a sub, as
530 my $true_sub_name = $core ? $call : $sub;
532 if ($call eq 'CORE::system') {
534 # Leverage IPC::System::Simple if we're making an autodying
539 # We need to stash $@ into $E, rather than using
540 # local $@ for the whole sub. If we don't then
541 # any exceptions from internal errors in autodie/Fatal
542 # will mysteriously disappear before propogating
554 \$retval = IPC::System::Simple::system(@argv);
562 # XXX - TODO - This can't be overridden in child
565 die autodie::exception::system->new(
566 function => q{CORE::system}, args => [ @argv ],
567 message => "\$E", errno => \$!,
576 # Should we be testing to see if our result is defined, or
578 my $use_defined_or = exists ( $Use_defined_or{$call} );
582 # If we're going to throw an exception, here's the code to use.
585 function => q{$true_sub_name}, args => [ @argv ],
586 pragma => q{$class}, errno => \$!,
590 if ($call eq 'CORE::flock') {
592 # flock needs special treatment. When it fails with
593 # LOCK_UN and EWOULDBLOCK, then it's not really fatal, it just
594 # means we couldn't get the lock right now.
596 require POSIX; # For POSIX::EWOULDBLOCK
598 local $@; # Don't blat anyone else's $@.
600 # Ensure that our vendor supports EWOULDBLOCK. If they
601 # don't (eg, Windows), then we use known values for its
602 # equivalent on other systems.
604 my $EWOULDBLOCK = eval { POSIX::EWOULDBLOCK(); }
605 || $_EWOULDBLOCK{$^O}
606 || _autocroak("Internal error - can't overload flock - EWOULDBLOCK not defined on this system.");
608 require Fcntl; # For Fcntl::LOCK_NB
612 # Try to flock. If successful, return it immediately.
614 my \$retval = $call(@argv);
615 return \$retval if \$retval;
617 # If we failed, but we're using LOCK_NB and
618 # returned EWOULDBLOCK, it's not a real error.
620 if (\$_[1] & Fcntl::LOCK_NB() and \$! == $EWOULDBLOCK ) {
624 # Otherwise, we failed. Die noisily.
631 # AFAIK everything that can be given an unopned filehandle
632 # will fail if it tries to use it, so we don't really need
633 # the 'unopened' warning class here. Especially since they
634 # then report the wrong line number.
637 no warnings qw(unopened);
640 my \@results = $call(@argv);
641 # If we got back nothing, or we got back a single
643 if (! \@results or (\@results == 1 and ! defined \$results[0])) {
649 # Otherwise, we're in scalar context.
650 # We're never in a void context, since we have to look
653 my \$result = $call(@argv);
655 } . ( $use_defined_or ? qq{
657 $die if not defined \$result;
663 return \$result || $die;
669 # This returns the old copy of the sub, so we can
670 # put it back at end of scope.
672 # TODO : Check to make sure prototypes are restored correctly.
674 # TODO: Taking a huge list of arguments is awful. Rewriting to
675 # take a hash would be lovely.
678 my($class, $sub, $pkg, $void, $lexical, $filename) = @_;
679 my($name, $code, $sref, $real_proto, $proto, $core, $call);
682 $sub = "${pkg}::$sub" unless $sub =~ /::/;
684 # Figure if we're using lexical or package semantics and
685 # twiddle the appropriate bits.
688 $Package_Fatal{$sub} = 1;
691 # TODO - We *should* be able to do skipping, since we know when
692 # we've lexicalised / unlexicalised a subroutine.
695 $name =~ s/.*::// or $name =~ s/^&//;
697 warn "# _make_fatal: sub=$sub pkg=$pkg name=$name void=$void\n" if $Debug;
698 croak(sprintf(ERROR_BADNAME, $class, $name)) unless $name =~ /^\w+$/;
700 if (defined(&$sub)) { # user subroutine
702 # This could be something that we've fatalised that
705 local $@; # Don't clobber anyone else's $@
707 if ( $Package_Fatal{$sub} and eval { prototype "CORE::$name" } ) {
709 # Something we previously made Fatal that was core.
710 # This is safe to replace with an autodying to core
714 $call = "CORE::$name";
715 $proto = prototype $call;
717 # We return our $sref from this subroutine later
718 # on, indicating this subroutine should be placed
719 # back when we're finished.
725 # A regular user sub, or a user sub wrapping a
729 $proto = prototype $sref;
734 } elsif ($sub eq $ini && $sub !~ /^CORE::GLOBAL::/) {
735 # Stray user subroutine
736 croak(sprintf(ERROR_NOTSUB,$sub));
738 } elsif ($name eq 'system') {
740 # If we're fatalising system, then we need to load
744 require IPC::System::Simple; # Only load it if we need it.
745 require autodie::exception::system;
748 if ($@) { croak ERROR_NO_IPC_SYS_SIMPLE; }
750 # Make sure we're using a recent version of ISS that actually
751 # support fatalised system.
752 if ($IPC::System::Simple::VERSION < MIN_IPC_SYS_SIMPLE_VER) {
754 ERROR_IPC_SYS_SIMPLE_OLD, MIN_IPC_SYS_SIMPLE_VER,
755 $IPC::System::Simple::VERSION
759 $call = 'CORE::system';
762 } elsif ($name eq 'exec') {
763 # Exec doesn't have a prototype. We don't care. This
764 # breaks the exotic form with lexical scope, and gives
765 # the regular form a "do or die" beaviour as expected.
767 $call = 'CORE::exec';
771 } else { # CORE subroutine
772 $proto = eval { prototype "CORE::$name" };
773 croak(sprintf(ERROR_NOT_BUILT,$name)) if $@;
774 croak(sprintf(ERROR_CANT_OVERRIDE,$name)) if not defined $proto;
776 $call = "CORE::$name";
779 if (defined $proto) {
780 $real_proto = " ($proto)";
786 my $true_name = $core ? $call : $sub;
788 # TODO: This caching works, but I don't like using $void and
789 # $lexical as keys. In particular, I suspect our code may end up
790 # wrapping already wrapped code when autodie and Fatal are used
793 # NB: We must use '$sub' (the name plus package) and not
794 # just '$name' (the short name) here. Failing to do so
795 # results code that's in the wrong package, and hence has
796 # access to the wrong package filehandles.
798 if (my $subref = $Cached_fatalised_sub{$class}{$sub}{$void}{$lexical}) {
799 $class->_install_subs($pkg, { $name => $subref });
805 local(\$", \$!) = (', ', 0); # TODO - Why do we do this?
808 # Don't have perl whine if exec fails, since we'll be handling
810 $code .= "no warnings qw(exec);\n" if $call eq "CORE::exec";
812 my @protos = fill_protos($proto);
813 $code .= $class->write_invocation($core, $call, $name, $void, $lexical, $sub, @protos);
815 warn $code if $Debug;
817 # I thought that changing package was a monumental waste of
818 # time for CORE subs, since they'll always be the same. However
819 # that's not the case, since they may refer to package-based
820 # filehandles (eg, with open).
822 # There is potential to more aggressively cache core subs
823 # that we know will never want to interact with package variables
828 no strict 'refs'; ## no critic # to avoid: Can't use string (...) as a symbol ref ...
829 $code = eval("package $pkg; use Carp; $code"); ## no critic
832 # For some reason, using a die, croak, or confess in here
833 # results in the error being completely surpressed. As such,
834 # we need to do our own reporting.
836 # TODO: Fix the above.
838 _autocroak("Internal error in autodie/Fatal processing $true_name: $@");
843 # Now we need to wrap our fatalised sub inside an itty bitty
844 # closure, which can detect if we've leaked into another file.
845 # Luckily, we only need to do this for lexical (autodie)
846 # subs. Fatal subs can leak all they want, it's considered
847 # a "feature" (or at least backwards compatible).
849 # TODO: Cache our leak guards!
851 # TODO: This is pretty hairy code. A lot more tests would
852 # be really nice for this.
863 # If we're called from the correct file, then use the
865 goto &\$code if ((caller)[1] eq \$filename);
867 # Oh bother, we've leaked into another file. Call the
868 # original code. Note that \$sref may actually be a
869 # reference to a Fatalised version of a core built-in.
870 # That's okay, because Fatal *always* leaks between files.
872 goto &\$sref if \$sref;
876 # If we're here, it must have been a core subroutine called.
877 # Warning: The following code may disturb some viewers.
879 # TODO: It should be possible to combine this with
880 # write_invocation().
882 foreach my $proto (@protos) {
883 local $" = ", "; # So @args is formatted correctly.
884 my ($count, @args) = @$proto;
892 $leak_guard .= qq< croak "Internal error in Fatal/autodie. Leak-guard failure"; } >;
894 # warn "$leak_guard\n";
898 $leak_guard = eval $leak_guard; ## no critic
900 die "Internal error in $class: Leak-guard installation failure: $@" if $@;
903 $class->_install_subs($pkg, { $name => $leak_guard || $code });
905 $Cached_fatalised_sub{$class}{$sub}{$void}{$lexical} = $leak_guard || $code;
911 # This subroutine exists primarily so that child classes can override
912 # it to point to their own exception class. Doing this is significantly
913 # less complex than overriding throw()
915 sub exception_class { return "autodie::exception" };
918 my %exception_class_for;
922 my ($class, @args) = @_;
924 # Find our exception class if we need it.
925 my $exception_class =
926 $exception_class_for{$class} ||= $class->exception_class;
928 if (not $class_loaded{$exception_class}) {
929 if ($exception_class =~ /[^\w:']/) {
930 confess "Bad exception class '$exception_class'.\nThe '$class->exception_class' method wants to use $exception_class\nfor exceptions, but it contains characters which are not word-characters or colons.";
933 # Alas, Perl does turn barewords into modules unless they're
934 # actually barewords. As such, we're left doing a string eval
935 # to make sure we load our file correctly.
940 local $@; # We can't clobber $@, it's wrong!
941 eval "require $exception_class"; ## no critic
942 $E = $@; # Save $E despite ending our local.
945 # We need quotes around $@ to make sure it's stringified
946 # while still in scope. Without them, we run the risk of
947 # $@ having been cleared by us exiting the local() block.
949 confess "Failed to load '$exception_class'.\nThis may be a typo in the '$class->exception_class' method,\nor the '$exception_class' module may not exist.\n\n $E" if $E;
951 $class_loaded{$exception_class}++;
955 return $exception_class->new(@args);
959 # For some reason, dying while replacing our subs doesn't
960 # kill our calling program. It simply stops the loading of
961 # autodie and keeps going with everything else. The _autocroak
962 # sub allows us to die with a vegence. It should *only* ever be
963 # used for serious internal errors, since the results of it can't
967 warn Carp::longmess(@_);
971 package autodie::Scope::Guard;
973 # This code schedules the cleanup of subroutines at the end of
974 # scope. It's directly inspired by chocolateboy's excellent
975 # Scope::Guard module.
978 my ($class, $handler) = @_;
980 return bless $handler, $class;
995 Fatal - Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
999 use Fatal qw(open close);
1001 open(my $fh, "<", $filename); # No need to check errors!
1003 use File::Copy qw(move);
1006 move($file1, $file2); # No need to check errors!
1008 sub juggle { . . . }
1009 Fatal->import('juggle');
1011 =head1 BEST PRACTICE
1013 B<Fatal has been obsoleted by the new L<autodie> pragma.> Please use
1014 L<autodie> in preference to C<Fatal>. L<autodie> supports lexical scoping,
1015 throws real exception objects, and provides much nicer error messages.
1017 The use of C<:void> with Fatal is discouraged.
1021 C<Fatal> provides a way to conveniently replace
1022 functions which normally return a false value when they fail with
1023 equivalents which raise exceptions if they are not successful. This
1024 lets you use these functions without having to test their return
1025 values explicitly on each call. Exceptions can be caught using
1026 C<eval{}>. See L<perlfunc> and L<perlvar> for details.
1028 The do-or-die equivalents are set up simply by calling Fatal's
1029 C<import> routine, passing it the names of the functions to be
1030 replaced. You may wrap both user-defined functions and overridable
1031 CORE operators (except C<exec>, C<system>, C<print>, or any other
1032 built-in that cannot be expressed via prototypes) in this way.
1034 If the symbol C<:void> appears in the import list, then functions
1035 named later in that import list raise an exception only when
1036 these are called in void context--that is, when their return
1037 values are ignored. For example
1039 use Fatal qw/:void open close/;
1041 # properly checked, so no exception raised on error
1042 if (not open(my $fh, '<' '/bogotic') {
1043 warn "Can't open /bogotic: $!";
1046 # not checked, so error raises an exception
1049 The use of C<:void> is discouraged, as it can result in exceptions
1050 not being thrown if you I<accidentally> call a method without
1051 void context. Use L<autodie> instead if you need to be able to
1052 disable autodying/Fatal behaviour for a small block of code.
1058 =item Bad subroutine name for Fatal: %s
1060 You've called C<Fatal> with an argument that doesn't look like
1061 a subroutine name, nor a switch that this version of Fatal
1064 =item %s is not a Perl subroutine
1066 You've asked C<Fatal> to try and replace a subroutine which does not
1067 exist, or has not yet been defined.
1069 =item %s is neither a builtin, nor a Perl subroutine
1071 You've asked C<Fatal> to replace a subroutine, but it's not a Perl
1072 built-in, and C<Fatal> couldn't find it as a regular subroutine.
1073 It either doesn't exist or has not yet been defined.
1075 =item Cannot make the non-overridable %s fatal
1077 You've tried to use C<Fatal> on a Perl built-in that can't be
1078 overridden, such as C<print> or C<system>, which means that
1079 C<Fatal> can't help you, although some other modules might.
1080 See the L</"SEE ALSO"> section of this documentation.
1082 =item Internal error: %s
1084 You've found a bug in C<Fatal>. Please report it using
1085 the C<perlbug> command.
1091 C<Fatal> clobbers the context in which a function is called and always
1092 makes it a scalar context, except when the C<:void> tag is used.
1093 This problem does not exist in L<autodie>.
1097 Original module by Lionel Cons (CERN).
1099 Prototype updates by Ilya Zakharevich <ilya@math.ohio-state.edu>.
1101 L<autodie> support, bugfixes, extended diagnostics, C<system>
1102 support, and major overhauling by Paul Fenwick <pjf@perltraining.com.au>
1106 This module is free software, you may distribute it under the
1107 same terms as Perl itself.
1111 L<autodie> for a nicer way to use lexical Fatal.
1113 L<IPC::System::Simple> for a similar idea for calls to C<system()>