5 xsubpp - compiler to convert Perl XS code into C code
9 B<xsubpp> [B<-v>] [B<-C++>] [B<-except>] [B<-s pattern>] [B<-prototypes>] [B<-noversioncheck>] [B<-typemap typemap>]... file.xs
13 I<xsubpp> will compile XS code into C code by embedding the constructs
14 necessary to let C functions manipulate Perl values and creates the glue
15 necessary to let Perl access those functions. The compiler uses typemaps to
16 determine how to map C function parameters and variables to Perl values.
18 The compiler will search for typemap files called I<typemap>. It will use
19 the following search path to find default typemaps, with the rightmost
20 typemap taking precedence.
22 ../../../typemap:../../typemap:../typemap:typemap
30 Adds ``extern "C"'' to the C code.
35 Adds exception handling stubs to the C code.
37 =item B<-typemap typemap>
39 Indicates that a user-supplied typemap should take precedence over the
40 default typemaps. This option may be used multiple times, with the last
41 typemap having the highest precedence.
45 Prints the I<xsubpp> version number to standard output, then exits.
49 By default I<xsubpp> will not automatically generate prototype code for
50 all xsubs. This flag will enable prototypes.
52 =item B<-noversioncheck>
54 Disables the run time test that determines if the object file (derived
55 from the C<.xs> file) and the C<.pm> files have the same version
62 No environment variables are used.
68 =head1 MODIFICATION HISTORY
70 See the file F<changes.pod>.
74 perl(1), perlxs(1), perlxstut(1), perlxs(1)
79 $XSUBPP_version = "1.940";
81 use vars '$cplusplus';
87 $usage = "Usage: xsubpp [-v] [-C++] [-except] [-prototypes] [-noversioncheck] [-s pattern] [-typemap typemap]... file.xs\n";
89 $proto_re = "[" . quotemeta('\$%&*@;') . "]" ;
92 $WantPrototypes = -1 ;
95 SWITCH: while (@ARGV and $ARGV[0] =~ /^-./) {
98 $spat = quotemeta shift, next SWITCH if $flag eq 's';
99 $cplusplus = 1, next SWITCH if $flag eq 'C++';
100 $WantPrototypes = 0, next SWITCH if $flag eq 'noprototypes';
101 $WantPrototypes = 1, next SWITCH if $flag eq 'prototypes';
102 $WantVersionChk = 0, next SWITCH if $flag eq 'noversioncheck';
103 $WantVersionChk = 1, next SWITCH if $flag eq 'versioncheck';
104 $except = " TRY", next SWITCH if $flag eq 'except';
105 push(@tm,shift), next SWITCH if $flag eq 'typemap';
106 (print "xsubpp version $XSUBPP_version\n"), exit
110 if ($WantPrototypes == -1)
111 { $WantPrototypes = 0}
116 @ARGV == 1 or die $usage;
117 ($dir, $filename) = $ARGV[0] =~ m#(.*)/(.*)#
118 or ($dir, $filename) = $ARGV[0] =~ m#(.*[>\]])(.*)#
119 or ($dir, $filename) = ('.', $ARGV[0]);
121 # Check for VMS; Config.pm may not be installed yet, but this routine
122 # is built into VMS perl
123 if (defined(&VMS::Filespec::vmsify)) { $Is_VMS = 1; $pwd = $ENV{DEFAULT}; }
124 else { $Is_VMS = 0; chomp($pwd = `pwd`); }
126 ++ $IncludedFiles{$ARGV[0]} ;
128 my(@XSStack) = ({type => 'none'}); # Stack of conditionals and INCLUDEs
129 my($XSS_work_idx, $cpp_next_tmp) = (0, "XSubPPtmpAAAA");
133 $_[0] =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//go ;
140 # rationalise any '*' by joining them into bunches and removing whitespace
144 # change multiple whitespace into a single space
147 # trim leading & trailing whitespace
153 $typemap = shift @ARGV;
154 foreach $typemap (@tm) {
155 die "Can't find $typemap in $pwd\n" unless -r $typemap;
157 unshift @tm, qw(../../../../lib/ExtUtils/typemap ../../../lib/ExtUtils/typemap
158 ../../lib/ExtUtils/typemap ../../../typemap ../../typemap
160 foreach $typemap (@tm) {
161 next unless -e $typemap ;
162 # skip directories, binary files etc.
163 warn("Warning: ignoring non-text typemap file '$typemap'\n"), next
165 open(TYPEMAP, $typemap)
166 or warn ("Warning: could not open typemap file '$typemap': $!\n"), next;
172 if (/^INPUT\s*$/) { $mode = 'Input'; $current = \$junk; next; }
173 if (/^OUTPUT\s*$/) { $mode = 'Output'; $current = \$junk; next; }
174 if (/^TYPEMAP\s*$/) { $mode = 'Typemap'; $current = \$junk; next; }
175 if ($mode eq 'Typemap') {
179 # skip blank lines and comment lines
180 next if /^$/ or /^#/ ;
181 my($type,$kind, $proto) = /^\s*(.*?\S)\s+(\S+)\s*($proto_re*)\s*$/ or
182 warn("Warning: File '$typemap' Line $. '$line' TYPEMAP entry needs 2 or 3 columns\n"), next;
183 $type = TidyType($type) ;
184 $type_kind{$type} = $kind ;
185 # prototype defaults to '$'
186 $proto = "\$" unless $proto ;
187 warn("Warning: File '$typemap' Line $. '$line' Invalid prototype '$proto'\n")
188 unless ValidProtoString($proto) ;
189 $proto_letter{$type} = C_string($proto) ;
194 elsif ($mode eq 'Input') {
196 $input_expr{$_} = '';
197 $current = \$input_expr{$_};
201 $output_expr{$_} = '';
202 $current = \$output_expr{$_};
208 foreach $key (keys %input_expr) {
209 $input_expr{$key} =~ s/\n+$//;
212 $END = "!End!\n\n"; # "impossible" keyword (multiple newline)
214 # Match an XS keyword
215 $BLOCK_re= '\s*(' . join('|', qw(
216 REQUIRE BOOT CASE PREINIT INPUT INIT CODE PPCODE OUTPUT
217 CLEANUP ALIAS PROTOTYPES PROTOTYPE VERSIONCHECK INCLUDE
221 # Input: ($_, @line) == unparsed input.
222 # Output: ($_, @line) == (rest of line, following lines).
223 # Return: the matched keyword if found, otherwise 0
225 $_ = shift(@line) while !/\S/ && @line;
226 s/^(\s*)($_[0])\s*:\s*(?:#.*)?/$1/s && $2;
231 $_ = shift(@line) while !/\S/ && @line;
232 for (; defined($_) && !/^$BLOCK_re/o; $_ = shift(@line)) {
237 sub process_keyword($)
242 &{"${kwd}_handler"}()
243 while $kwd = check_keyword($pattern) ;
247 blurt ("Error: `CASE:' after unconditional `CASE:'")
248 if $condnum && $cond eq '';
250 TrimWhitespace($cond);
251 print " ", ($condnum++ ? " else" : ""), ($cond ? " if ($cond)\n" : "\n");
256 for (; !/^$BLOCK_re/o; $_ = shift(@line)) {
257 last if /^\s*NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET/;
258 next unless /\S/; # skip blank lines
263 # remove trailing semicolon if no initialisation
264 s/\s*;$//g unless /=/ ;
266 # check for optional initialisation code
268 $var_init = $1 if s/\s*(=.*)$//s ;
269 $var_init =~ s/"/\\"/g;
272 my ($var_type, $var_addr, $var_name) = /^(.*?[^& ]) *(\&?) *\b(\w+)$/s
273 or blurt("Error: invalid argument declaration '$line'"), next;
275 # Check for duplicate definitions
276 blurt ("Error: duplicate definition of argument '$var_name' ignored"), next
277 if $arg_list{$var_name} ++ ;
279 $thisdone |= $var_name eq "THIS";
280 $retvaldone |= $var_name eq "RETVAL";
281 $var_types{$var_name} = $var_type;
282 print "\t" . &map_type($var_type);
283 $var_num = $args_match{$var_name};
285 $proto_arg[$var_num] = ProtoString($var_type)
288 $var_addr{$var_name} = 1;
289 $func_args =~ s/\b($var_name)\b/&$1/;
291 if ($var_init =~ /^=\s*NO_INIT\s*;?\s*$/) {
292 print "\t$var_name;\n";
293 } elsif ($var_init =~ /\S/) {
294 &output_init($var_type, $var_num, "$var_name $var_init");
296 # generate initialization code
297 &generate_init($var_type, $var_num, $var_name);
305 for (; !/^$BLOCK_re/o; $_ = shift(@line)) {
307 my ($outarg, $outcode) = /^\s*(\S+)\s*(.*?)\s*$/s ;
308 blurt ("Error: duplicate OUTPUT argument '$outarg' ignored"), next
309 if $outargs{$outarg} ++ ;
310 if (!$gotRETVAL and $outarg eq 'RETVAL') {
311 # deal with RETVAL last
312 $RETVAL_code = $outcode ;
316 blurt ("Error: OUTPUT $outarg not an argument"), next
317 unless defined($args_match{$outarg});
318 blurt("Error: No input definition for OUTPUT argument '$outarg' - ignored"), next
319 unless defined $var_types{$outarg} ;
321 print "\t$outcode\n";
323 $var_num = $args_match{$outarg};
324 &generate_output($var_types{$outarg}, $var_num, $outarg);
329 sub CLEANUP_handler() { print_section() }
330 sub PREINIT_handler() { print_section() }
331 sub INIT_handler() { print_section() }
340 # Parse alias definitions
342 # alias = value alias = value ...
344 while ($line =~ s/^\s*([\w:]+)\s*=\s*(\w+)\s*//) {
346 $orig_alias = $alias ;
349 # check for optional package definition in the alias
350 $alias = $Packprefix . $alias if $alias !~ /::/ ;
352 # check for duplicate alias name & duplicate value
353 Warn("Warning: Ignoring duplicate alias '$orig_alias'")
354 if defined $XsubAliases{$alias} ;
356 Warn("Warning: Aliases '$orig_alias' and '$XsubAliasValues{$value}' have identical values")
357 if $XsubAliasValues{$value} ;
360 $XsubAliases{$alias} = $value ;
361 $XsubAliasValues{$value} = $orig_alias ;
364 blurt("Error: Cannot parse ALIAS definitions from '$orig'")
370 for (; !/^$BLOCK_re/o; $_ = shift(@line)) {
373 GetAliases($_) if $_ ;
377 sub REQUIRE_handler ()
379 # the rest of the current line should contain a version number
382 TrimWhitespace($Ver) ;
384 death ("Error: REQUIRE expects a version number")
387 # check that the version number is of the form n.n
388 death ("Error: REQUIRE: expected a number, got '$Ver'")
389 unless $Ver =~ /^\d+(\.\d*)?/ ;
391 death ("Error: xsubpp $Ver (or better) required--this is only $XSUBPP_version.")
392 unless $XSUBPP_version >= $Ver ;
395 sub VERSIONCHECK_handler ()
397 # the rest of the current line should contain either ENABLE or
402 # check for ENABLE/DISABLE
403 death ("Error: VERSIONCHECK: ENABLE/DISABLE")
404 unless /^(ENABLE|DISABLE)/i ;
406 $WantVersionChk = 1 if $1 eq 'ENABLE' ;
407 $WantVersionChk = 0 if $1 eq 'DISABLE' ;
411 sub PROTOTYPE_handler ()
415 death("Error: Only 1 PROTOTYPE definition allowed per xsub")
416 if $proto_in_this_xsub ++ ;
418 for (; !/^$BLOCK_re/o; $_ = shift(@line)) {
422 if ($_ eq 'DISABLE') {
425 elsif ($_ eq 'ENABLE') {
429 # remove any whitespace
431 death("Error: Invalid prototype '$_'")
432 unless ValidProtoString($_) ;
433 $ProtoThisXSUB = C_string($_) ;
437 # If no prototype specified, then assume empty prototype ""
438 $ProtoThisXSUB = 2 unless $specified ;
446 death("Error: Only 1 SCOPE declaration allowed per xsub")
447 if $scope_in_this_xsub ++ ;
449 for (; !/^$BLOCK_re/o; $_ = shift(@line)) {
452 if ($_ =~ /^DISABLE/i) {
455 elsif ($_ =~ /^ENABLE/i) {
462 sub PROTOTYPES_handler ()
464 # the rest of the current line should contain either ENABLE or
469 # check for ENABLE/DISABLE
470 death ("Error: PROTOTYPES: ENABLE/DISABLE")
471 unless /^(ENABLE|DISABLE)/i ;
473 $WantPrototypes = 1 if $1 eq 'ENABLE' ;
474 $WantPrototypes = 0 if $1 eq 'DISABLE' ;
479 sub INCLUDE_handler ()
481 # the rest of the current line should contain a valid filename
485 death("INCLUDE: filename missing")
488 death("INCLUDE: output pipe is illegal")
491 # simple minded recursion detector
492 death("INCLUDE loop detected")
493 if $IncludedFiles{$_} ;
495 ++ $IncludedFiles{$_} unless /\|\s*$/ ;
497 # Save the current file context.
500 LastLine => $lastline,
501 LastLineNo => $lastline_no,
504 Filename => $filename,
511 open ($FH, "$_") or death("Cannot open '$_': $!") ;
515 #/* INCLUDE: Including '$_' from '$filename' */
521 # Prime the pump by reading the first
524 # skip leading blank lines
526 last unless /^\s*$/ ;
536 return 0 unless $XSStack[-1]{type} eq 'file' ;
538 my $data = pop @XSStack ;
539 my $ThisFile = $filename ;
540 my $isPipe = ($filename =~ /\|\s*$/) ;
542 -- $IncludedFiles{$filename}
547 $FH = $data->{Handle} ;
548 $filename = $data->{Filename} ;
549 $lastline = $data->{LastLine} ;
550 $lastline_no = $data->{LastLineNo} ;
551 @line = @{ $data->{Line} } ;
552 @line_no = @{ $data->{LineNo} } ;
554 if ($isPipe and $? ) {
556 print STDERR "Error reading from pipe '$ThisFile': $! in $filename, line $lastline_no\n" ;
562 #/* INCLUDE: Returning to '$filename' from '$ThisFile' */
569 sub ValidProtoString ($)
573 if ( $string =~ /^$proto_re+$/ ) {
584 $string =~ s[\\][\\\\]g ;
592 $proto_letter{$type} or "\$" ;
596 my @cpp = grep(/^\#\s*(?:if|e\w+)/, @line);
598 my ($cpp, $cpplevel);
600 if ($cpp =~ /^\#\s*if/) {
602 } elsif (!$cpplevel) {
603 Warn("Warning: #else/elif/endif without #if in this function");
604 print STDERR " (precede it with a blank line if the matching #if is outside the function)\n"
605 if $XSStack[-1]{type} eq 'if';
607 } elsif ($cpp =~ /^\#\s*endif/) {
611 Warn("Warning: #if without #endif in this function") if $cpplevel;
624 open($FH, $filename) or die "cannot open $filename: $!\n";
626 # Identify the version of xsubpp used
629 * This file was generated automatically by xsubpp version $XSUBPP_version from the
630 * contents of $filename. Do not edit this file, edit $filename instead.
632 * ANY CHANGES MADE HERE WILL BE LOST!
640 last if ($Module, $Package, $Prefix) =
641 /^MODULE\s*=\s*([\w:]+)(?:\s+PACKAGE\s*=\s*([\w:]+))?(?:\s+PREFIX\s*=\s*(\S+))?\s*$/;
644 &Exit unless defined $_;
650 # Read next xsub into @line from ($lastline, <$FH>).
653 death ("Error: Unterminated `#if/#ifdef/#ifndef'")
654 if !defined $lastline && $XSStack[-1]{type} eq 'if';
657 return PopFile() if !defined $lastline;
660 /^MODULE\s*=\s*([\w:]+)(?:\s+PACKAGE\s*=\s*([\w:]+))?(?:\s+PREFIX\s*=\s*(\S+))?\s*$/) {
662 $Package = defined($2) ? $2 : ''; # keep -w happy
663 $Prefix = defined($3) ? $3 : ''; # keep -w happy
664 $Prefix = quotemeta $Prefix ;
665 ($Module_cname = $Module) =~ s/\W/_/g;
666 ($Packid = $Package) =~ tr/:/_/;
667 $Packprefix = $Package;
668 $Packprefix .= "::" if $Packprefix ne "";
673 if ($lastline !~ /^\s*#/ ||
675 # ANSI: if ifdef ifndef elif else endif define undef
677 # gcc: warning include_next
679 # others: ident (gcc notes that some cpps have this one)
680 $lastline =~ /^#[ \t]*(?:(?:if|ifn?def|elif|else|endif|define|undef|pragma|error|warning|line\s+\d+|ident)\b|(?:include(?:_next)?|import)\s*["<].*[>"])/) {
681 last if $lastline =~ /^\S/ && @line && $line[-1] eq "";
682 push(@line, $lastline);
683 push(@line_no, $lastline_no) ;
686 # Read next line and continuation lines
687 last unless defined($lastline = <$FH>);
690 $lastline .= $tmp_line
691 while ($lastline =~ /\\$/ && defined($tmp_line = <$FH>));
694 $lastline =~ s/^\s+$//;
696 pop(@line), pop(@line_no) while @line && $line[-1] eq "";
701 while (fetch_para()) {
702 # Print initial preprocessor statements and blank lines
703 while (@line && $line[0] !~ /^[^\#]/) {
704 my $line = shift(@line);
706 next unless $line =~ /^\#\s*((if)(?:n?def)?|elsif|else|endif)\b/;
708 if ($statement eq 'if') {
709 $XSS_work_idx = @XSStack;
710 push(@XSStack, {type => 'if'});
712 death ("Error: `$statement' with no matching `if'")
713 if $XSStack[-1]{type} ne 'if';
714 if ($XSStack[-1]{varname}) {
715 push(@InitFileCode, "#endif\n");
716 push(@BootCode, "#endif");
719 my(@fns) = keys %{$XSStack[-1]{functions}};
720 if ($statement ne 'endif') {
721 # Hide the functions defined in other #if branches, and reset.
722 @{$XSStack[-1]{other_functions}}{@fns} = (1) x @fns;
723 @{$XSStack[-1]}{qw(varname functions)} = ('', {});
725 my($tmp) = pop(@XSStack);
726 0 while (--$XSS_work_idx
727 && $XSStack[$XSS_work_idx]{type} ne 'if');
728 # Keep all new defined functions
729 push(@fns, keys %{$tmp->{other_functions}});
730 @{$XSStack[$XSS_work_idx]{functions}}{@fns} = (1) x @fns;
735 next PARAGRAPH unless @line;
737 if ($XSS_work_idx && !$XSStack[$XSS_work_idx]{varname}) {
738 # We are inside an #if, but have not yet #defined its xsubpp variable.
739 print "#define $cpp_next_tmp 1\n\n";
740 push(@InitFileCode, "#if $cpp_next_tmp\n");
741 push(@BootCode, "#if $cpp_next_tmp");
742 $XSStack[$XSS_work_idx]{varname} = $cpp_next_tmp++;
745 death ("Code is not inside a function"
746 ." (maybe last function was ended by a blank line "
747 ." followed by a a statement on column one?)")
748 if $line[0] =~ /^\s/;
750 # initialize info arrays
761 undef($proto_in_this_xsub) ;
762 undef($scope_in_this_xsub) ;
763 $ProtoThisXSUB = $WantPrototypes ;
767 while ($kwd = check_keyword("REQUIRE|PROTOTYPES|VERSIONCHECK|INCLUDE")) {
768 &{"${kwd}_handler"}() ;
769 next PARAGRAPH unless @line ;
773 if (check_keyword("BOOT")) {
775 push (@BootCode, $_, @line, "") ;
780 # extract return type, function name and arguments
781 my($ret_type) = TidyType($_);
783 # a function definition needs at least 2 lines
784 blurt ("Error: Function definition too short '$ret_type'"), next PARAGRAPH
787 $static = 1 if $ret_type =~ s/^static\s+//;
789 $func_header = shift(@line);
790 blurt ("Error: Cannot parse function definition from '$func_header'"), next PARAGRAPH
791 unless $func_header =~ /^(?:([\w:]*)::)?(\w+)\s*\(\s*(.*?)\s*\)\s*$/s;
793 ($class, $func_name, $orig_args) = ($1, $2, $3) ;
794 ($pname = $func_name) =~ s/^($Prefix)?/$Packprefix/;
795 ($clean_func_name = $func_name) =~ s/^$Prefix//;
796 $Full_func_name = "${Packid}_$clean_func_name";
798 # Check for duplicate function definition
799 for $tmp (@XSStack) {
800 next unless defined $tmp->{functions}{$Full_func_name};
801 Warn("Warning: duplicate function definition '$clean_func_name' detected");
804 $XSStack[$XSS_work_idx]{functions}{$Full_func_name} ++ ;
805 %XsubAliases = %XsubAliasValues = ();
807 @args = split(/\s*,\s*/, $orig_args);
808 if (defined($class)) {
809 my $arg0 = ((defined($static) or $func_name =~ /^new/) ? "CLASS" : "THIS");
810 unshift(@args, $arg0);
811 ($orig_args = "$arg0, $orig_args") =~ s/^$arg0, $/$arg0/;
813 $orig_args =~ s/"/\\"/g;
814 $min_args = $num_args = @args;
815 foreach $i (0..$num_args-1) {
816 if ($args[$i] =~ s/\.\.\.//) {
819 if ($args[$i] eq '' && $i == $num_args - 1) {
824 if ($args[$i] =~ /^([^=]*[^\s=])\s*=\s*(.*)/s) {
827 $defaults{$args[$i]} = $2;
828 $defaults{$args[$i]} =~ s/"/\\"/g;
830 $proto_arg[$i+1] = "\$" ;
832 if (defined($class)) {
833 $func_args = join(", ", @args[1..$#args]);
835 $func_args = join(", ", @args);
837 @args_match{@args} = 1..@args;
839 $PPCODE = grep(/^\s*PPCODE\s*:/, @line);
840 $CODE = grep(/^\s*CODE\s*:/, @line);
841 $ALIAS = grep(/^\s*ALIAS\s*:/, @line);
843 # print function header
845 #XS(XS_${Full_func_name})
849 print Q<<"EOF" if $ALIAS ;
853 $cond = ($min_args ? qq(items < $min_args) : 0);
855 elsif ($min_args == $num_args) {
856 $cond = qq(items != $min_args);
859 $cond = qq(items < $min_args || items > $num_args);
862 print Q<<"EOF" if $except;
868 { print Q<<"EOF" if $cond }
870 # croak("Usage: %s($orig_args)", GvNAME(CvGV(cv)));
873 { print Q<<"EOF" if $cond }
875 # croak("Usage: $pname($orig_args)");
878 print Q<<"EOF" if $PPCODE;
882 # Now do a block of some sort.
885 $cond = ''; # last CASE: condidional
886 push(@line, "$END:");
887 push(@line_no, $line_no[-1]);
891 &CASE_handler if check_keyword("CASE");
896 # do initialization of input variables
904 process_keyword("INPUT|PREINIT|ALIAS|PROTOTYPE|SCOPE") ;
906 print Q<<"EOF" if $ScopeThisXSUB;
911 if (!$thisdone && defined($class)) {
912 if (defined($static) or $func_name =~ /^new/) {
914 $var_types{"CLASS"} = "char *";
915 &generate_init("char *", 1, "CLASS");
919 $var_types{"THIS"} = "$class *";
920 &generate_init("$class *", 1, "THIS");
925 if (/^\s*NOT_IMPLEMENTED_YET/) {
926 print "\n\tcroak(\"$pname: not implemented yet\");\n";
929 if ($ret_type ne "void") {
930 print "\t" . &map_type($ret_type) . "\tRETVAL;\n"
932 $args_match{"RETVAL"} = 0;
933 $var_types{"RETVAL"} = $ret_type;
938 process_keyword("INIT|ALIAS|PROTOTYPE") ;
940 if (check_keyword("PPCODE")) {
942 death ("PPCODE must be last thing") if @line;
943 print "\tLEAVE;\n" if $ScopeThisXSUB;
944 print "\tPUTBACK;\n\treturn;\n";
945 } elsif (check_keyword("CODE")) {
947 } elsif (defined($class) and $func_name eq "DESTROY") {
949 print "delete THIS;\n";
952 if ($ret_type ne "void") {
956 if (defined($static)) {
957 if ($func_name =~ /^new/) {
958 $func_name = "$class";
962 } elsif (defined($class)) {
963 if ($func_name =~ /^new/) {
964 $func_name .= " $class";
969 $func_name =~ s/^($spat)//
971 print "$func_name($func_args);\n";
975 # do output variables
979 process_keyword("OUTPUT|ALIAS|PROTOTYPE");
981 # all OUTPUT done, so now push the return value on the stack
982 if ($gotRETVAL && $RETVAL_code) {
983 print "\t$RETVAL_code\n";
984 } elsif ($gotRETVAL || $wantRETVAL) {
985 &generate_output($ret_type, 0, 'RETVAL');
989 process_keyword("CLEANUP|ALIAS|PROTOTYPE") ;
991 print Q<<"EOF" if $ScopeThisXSUB;
994 print Q<<"EOF" if $ScopeThisXSUB and not $PPCODE;
998 # print function trailer
1002 print Q<<EOF if $except;
1005 # sprintf(errbuf, "%s: %s\\tpropagated", Xname, Xreason);
1008 if (check_keyword("CASE")) {
1009 blurt ("Error: No `CASE:' at top of function")
1011 $_ = "CASE: $_"; # Restore CASE: label
1014 last if $_ eq "$END:";
1015 death(/^$BLOCK_re/o ? "Misplaced `$1:'" : "Junk at end of function");
1018 print Q<<EOF if $except;
1023 if ($ret_type ne "void" or $CODE) {
1024 print Q<<EOF unless $PPCODE;
1028 print Q<<EOF unless $PPCODE;
1038 my $newXS = "newXS" ;
1041 # Build the prototype string for the xsub
1042 if ($ProtoThisXSUB) {
1043 $newXS = "newXSproto";
1045 if ($ProtoThisXSUB == 2) {
1046 # User has specified empty prototype
1049 elsif ($ProtoThisXSUB != 1) {
1050 # User has specified a prototype
1051 $proto = ', "' . $ProtoThisXSUB . '"';
1055 if ($min_args < $num_args) {
1057 $proto_arg[$min_args] .= ";" ;
1059 push @proto_arg, "$s\@"
1062 $proto = ', "' . join ("", @proto_arg) . '"';
1067 $XsubAliases{$pname} = 0
1068 unless defined $XsubAliases{$pname} ;
1069 while ( ($name, $value) = each %XsubAliases) {
1070 push(@InitFileCode, Q<<"EOF");
1071 # cv = newXS(\"$name\", XS_$Full_func_name, file);
1072 # XSANY.any_i32 = $value ;
1074 push(@InitFileCode, Q<<"EOF") if $proto;
1075 # sv_setpv((SV*)cv$proto) ;
1081 " ${newXS}(\"$pname\", XS_$Full_func_name, file$proto);\n");
1085 # print initialization routine
1090 #XS(boot_$Module_cname)
1093 # char* file = __FILE__;
1097 print Q<<"EOF" if $WantVersionChk ;
1098 # XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK ;
1102 print Q<<"EOF" if defined $XsubAliases ;
1108 print @InitFileCode;
1110 print Q<<"EOF" if defined $XsubAliases ;
1116 print "\n /* Initialisation Section */\n" ;
1117 print grep (s/$/\n/, @BootCode) ;
1118 print "\n /* End of Initialisation Section */\n\n" ;
1127 warn("Please specify prototyping behavior for $filename (see perlxs manual)\n")
1133 local($type, $num, $init) = @_;
1134 local($arg) = "ST(" . ($num - 1) . ")";
1136 eval qq/print " $init\\\n"/;
1141 # work out the line number
1142 my $line_no = $line_no[@line_no - @line -1] ;
1144 print STDERR "@_ in $filename, line $line_no\n" ;
1160 local($type, $num, $var) = @_;
1161 local($arg) = "ST(" . ($num - 1) . ")";
1162 local($argoff) = $num - 1;
1166 $type = TidyType($type) ;
1167 blurt("Error: '$type' not in typemap"), return
1168 unless defined($type_kind{$type});
1170 ($ntype = $type) =~ s/\s*\*/Ptr/g;
1171 ($subtype = $ntype) =~ s/(?:Array)?(?:Ptr)?$//;
1172 $tk = $type_kind{$type};
1173 $tk =~ s/OBJ$/REF/ if $func_name =~ /DESTROY$/;
1175 blurt("Error: No INPUT definition for type '$type' found"), return
1176 unless defined $input_expr{$tk} ;
1177 $expr = $input_expr{$tk};
1178 if ($expr =~ /DO_ARRAY_ELEM/) {
1179 blurt("Error: '$subtype' not in typemap"), return
1180 unless defined($type_kind{$subtype});
1181 blurt("Error: No INPUT definition for type '$subtype' found"), return
1182 unless defined $input_expr{$type_kind{$subtype}} ;
1183 $subexpr = $input_expr{$type_kind{$subtype}};
1184 $subexpr =~ s/ntype/subtype/g;
1185 $subexpr =~ s/\$arg/ST(ix_$var)/g;
1186 $subexpr =~ s/\n\t/\n\t\t/g;
1187 $subexpr =~ s/is not of (.*\")/[arg %d] is not of $1, ix_$var + 1/g;
1188 $subexpr =~ s/\$var/${var}[ix_$var - $argoff]/;
1189 $expr =~ s/DO_ARRAY_ELEM/$subexpr/;
1191 if ($expr =~ m#/\*.*scope.*\*/#i) { # "scope" in C comments
1194 if (defined($defaults{$var})) {
1195 $expr =~ s/(\t+)/$1 /g;
1197 eval qq/print "\\t$var;\\n"/;
1198 $deferred .= eval qq/"\\n\\tif (items < $num)\\n\\t $var = $defaults{$var};\\n\\telse {\\n$expr;\\n\\t}\\n"/;
1199 } elsif ($ScopeThisXSUB or $expr !~ /^\t\$var =/) {
1200 eval qq/print "\\t$var;\\n"/;
1201 $deferred .= eval qq/"\\n$expr;\\n"/;
1203 eval qq/print "$expr;\\n"/;
1207 sub generate_output {
1208 local($type, $num, $var) = @_;
1209 local($arg) = "ST(" . ($num - ($num != 0)) . ")";
1210 local($argoff) = $num - 1;
1213 $type = TidyType($type) ;
1214 if ($type =~ /^array\(([^,]*),(.*)\)/) {
1215 print "\tsv_setpvn($arg, (char *)$var, $2 * sizeof($1)), XFree((char *)$var);\n";
1217 blurt("Error: '$type' not in typemap"), return
1218 unless defined($type_kind{$type});
1219 blurt("Error: No OUTPUT definition for type '$type' found"), return
1220 unless defined $output_expr{$type_kind{$type}} ;
1221 ($ntype = $type) =~ s/\s*\*/Ptr/g;
1222 $ntype =~ s/\(\)//g;
1223 ($subtype = $ntype) =~ s/(?:Array)?(?:Ptr)?$//;
1224 $expr = $output_expr{$type_kind{$type}};
1225 if ($expr =~ /DO_ARRAY_ELEM/) {
1226 blurt("Error: '$subtype' not in typemap"), return
1227 unless defined($type_kind{$subtype});
1228 blurt("Error: No OUTPUT definition for type '$subtype' found"), return
1229 unless defined $output_expr{$type_kind{$subtype}} ;
1230 $subexpr = $output_expr{$type_kind{$subtype}};
1231 $subexpr =~ s/ntype/subtype/g;
1232 $subexpr =~ s/\$arg/ST(ix_$var)/g;
1233 $subexpr =~ s/\$var/${var}[ix_$var]/g;
1234 $subexpr =~ s/\n\t/\n\t\t/g;
1235 $expr =~ s/DO_ARRAY_ELEM\n/$subexpr/;
1236 eval "print qq\a$expr\a";
1238 elsif ($var eq 'RETVAL') {
1239 if ($expr =~ /^\t\$arg = new/) {
1240 # We expect that $arg has refcnt 1, so we need to
1242 eval "print qq\a$expr\a";
1243 print "\tsv_2mortal(ST(0));\n";
1245 elsif ($expr =~ /^\s*\$arg\s*=/) {
1246 # We expect that $arg has refcnt >=1, so we need
1247 # to mortalize it. However, the extension may have
1248 # returned the built-in perl value, which is
1249 # read-only, thus not mortalizable. However, it is
1250 # safe to leave it as it is, since it would be
1251 # ignored by REFCNT_dec. Builtin values have REFCNT==0.
1252 eval "print qq\a$expr\a";
1253 print "\tif (SvREFCNT(ST(0))) sv_2mortal(ST(0));\n";
1256 # Just hope that the entry would safely write it
1257 # over an already mortalized value. By
1258 # coincidence, something like $arg = &sv_undef
1260 print "\tST(0) = sv_newmortal();\n";
1261 eval "print qq\a$expr\a";
1264 elsif ($arg =~ /^ST\(\d+\)$/) {
1265 eval "print qq\a$expr\a";
1274 $type =~ s/^array\(([^,]*),(.*)\).*/$1 */s;
1280 # If this is VMS, the exit status has meaning to the shell, so we
1281 # use a predictable value (SS$_Normal or SS$_Abort) rather than an
1283 exit ($Is_VMS ? ($errors ? 44 : 1) : $errors) ;