1 BEGIN {require 5.002;} # MakeMaker 5.17 was the last MakeMaker that was compatible with perl5.001m
3 package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
6 $Version_OK = "5.17"; # Makefiles older than $Version_OK will die
7 # (Will be checked from MakeMaker version 4.13 onwards)
8 ($Revision = substr(q$Revision: 1.222 $, 10)) =~ s/\s+$//;
19 @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $AUTOLOAD
20 $ISA_TTY $Is_Mac $Is_OS2 $Is_VMS $Revision $Setup_done
21 $VERSION $Verbose $Version_OK %Config %Keep_after_flush
22 %MM_Sections %Prepend_dot_dot %Recognized_Att_Keys
23 @Get_from_Config @MM_Sections @Overridable @Parent
28 # &DynaLoader::mod2fname should be available to miniperl, thus
29 # should be a pseudo-builtin (cmp. os2.c).
30 #eval {require DynaLoader;};
33 # Set up the inheritance before we pull in the MM_* packages, because they
34 # import variables and functions from here
37 @EXPORT = qw(&WriteMakefile &writeMakefile $Verbose &prompt);
38 @EXPORT_OK = qw($VERSION &Version_check &neatvalue &mkbootstrap &mksymlists);
41 # Dummy package MM inherits actual methods from OS-specific
42 # default packages. We use this intermediate package so
43 # MY::XYZ->func() can call MM->func() and get the proper
44 # default routine without having to know under what OS
47 @MM::ISA = qw[ExtUtils::MM_Unix ExtUtils::Liblist ExtUtils::MakeMaker];
50 # Setup dummy package:
51 # MY exists for overriding methods to be defined within
56 ### sub AUTOLOAD { use Devel::Symdump; print Devel::Symdump->rnew->as_string; Carp::confess "hey why? $AUTOLOAD" }
61 # "predeclare the package: we only load it via AUTOLOAD
62 # but we have already mentioned it in @ISA
63 package ExtUtils::Liblist;
65 package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
67 # Now we can pull in the friends
69 $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
70 $Is_OS2 = $^O eq 'os2';
71 $Is_Mac = $^O eq 'MacOS';
72 $Is_Win32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
74 require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
77 require ExtUtils::MM_VMS;
78 require VMS::Filespec; # is a noop as long as we require it within MM_VMS
81 require ExtUtils::MM_OS2;
84 require ExtUtils::MM_Mac;
87 require ExtUtils::MM_Win32;
90 # The SelfLoader would bring a lot of overhead for MakeMaker, because
91 # we know for sure we will use most of the autoloaded functions once
92 # we have to use one of them. So we write our own loader
96 if (defined fileno(DATA)) {
98 my $o = $/; # For future reads from the file.
110 warn "AUTOLOAD called unexpectedly for $AUTOLOAD";
112 defined(&$AUTOLOAD) or die "Myloader inconsistency error";
116 # The only subroutine we do not SelfLoad is Version_Check because it's
117 # called so often. Loading this minimum still requires 1.2 secs on my
121 my($checkversion) = @_;
122 die "Your Makefile was built with ExtUtils::MakeMaker v $checkversion.
123 Current Version is $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::VERSION. There have been considerable
124 changes in the meantime.
125 Please rerun 'perl Makefile.PL' to regenerate the Makefile.\n"
126 if $checkversion < $Version_OK;
127 printf STDOUT "%s %s %s %s.\n", "Makefile built with ExtUtils::MakeMaker v",
128 $checkversion, "Current Version is", $VERSION
129 unless $checkversion == $VERSION;
133 $_[0] =~ /^Use of uninitialized value/ && return;
134 $_[0] =~ /used only once/ && return;
135 $_[0] =~ /^Subroutine\s+[\w:]+\s+redefined/ && return;
139 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::eval_in_subdirs ;
140 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::eval_in_x ;
141 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::full_setup ;
142 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::writeMakefile ;
143 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::new ;
144 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::check_manifest ;
145 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::parse_args ;
146 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::check_hints ;
147 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::mv_all_methods ;
148 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::skipcheck ;
149 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::flush ;
150 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::mkbootstrap ;
151 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::mksymlists ;
152 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::neatvalue ;
153 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::selfdocument ;
154 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::WriteMakefile ;
155 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::prompt ($;$) ;
161 package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
164 Carp::croak "WriteMakefile: Need even number of args" if @_ % 2;
165 local $SIG{__WARN__} = \&warnhandler;
167 unless ($Setup_done++){
169 undef &ExtUtils::MakeMaker::full_setup; #safe memory
172 MM->new(\%att)->flush;
177 $ISA_TTY = -t STDIN && (-t STDOUT || !(-f STDOUT || -c STDOUT)) ; # Pipe?
178 Carp::confess("prompt function called without an argument") unless defined $mess;
179 my $dispdef = defined $def ? "[$def] " : " ";
180 $def = defined $def ? $def : "";
183 print "$mess $dispdef";
185 chomp($ans = <STDIN>);
189 return ($ans ne '') ? $ans : $def;
192 sub eval_in_subdirs {
198 foreach $dir (@{$self->{DIR}}){
199 my($abs) = $self->catdir($pwd,$dir);
200 $self->eval_in_x($abs);
208 chdir $dir or Carp::carp("Couldn't change to directory $dir: $!");
210 # my $fh = new FileHandle;
211 # $fh->open("Makefile.PL") or Carp::carp("Couldn't open Makefile.PL in $dir");
213 open(FH,"Makefile.PL") or Carp::carp("Couldn't open Makefile.PL in $dir");
214 # my $eval = join "", <$fh>;
215 my $eval = join "", <FH>;
220 # if ($@ =~ /prerequisites/) {
221 # die "MakeMaker WARNING: $@";
223 # warn "WARNING from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
225 warn "WARNING from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
233 # package name for the classes into which the first object will be blessed
234 $PACKNAME = "PACK000";
238 AUTHOR ABSTRACT ABSTRACT_FROM BINARY_LOCATION
239 C CAPI CCFLAGS CONFIG CONFIGURE DEFINE DIR DISTNAME DL_FUNCS DL_VARS
240 EXCLUDE_EXT EXE_FILES FIRST_MAKEFILE FULLPERL FUNCLIST H IMPORTS
241 INC INCLUDE_EXT INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALLBIN INSTALLDIRS INSTALLMAN1DIR
242 INSTALLMAN3DIR INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALLSCRIPT INSTALLSITEARCH
243 INSTALLSITELIB INST_ARCHLIB INST_BIN INST_EXE INST_LIB
244 INST_MAN1DIR INST_MAN3DIR INST_SCRIPT LDFROM LIB LIBPERL_A LIBS
245 LINKTYPE MAKEAPERL MAKEFILE MAN1PODS MAN3PODS MAP_TARGET MYEXTLIB
246 NAME NEEDS_LINKING NOECHO NORECURS NO_VC OBJECT OPTIMIZE PERL PERLMAINCC
247 PERL_ARCHLIB PERL_LIB PERL_SRC PERM_RW PERM_RWX
248 PL_FILES PM PMLIBDIRS PPM_INSTALL_EXEC PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT PREFIX
249 PREREQ_PM SKIP TYPEMAPS VERSION VERSION_FROM XS XSOPT XSPROTOARG
250 XS_VERSION clean depend dist dynamic_lib linkext macro realclean
254 # IMPORTS is used under OS/2 and Win32
256 # @Overridable is close to @MM_Sections but not identical. The
257 # order is important. Many subroutines declare macros. These
258 # depend on each other. Let's try to collect the macros up front,
259 # then pasthru, then the rules.
261 # MM_Sections are the sections we have to call explicitly
262 # in Overridable we have subroutines that are used indirectly
268 post_initialize const_config constants tool_autosplit tool_xsubpp
269 tools_other dist macro depend cflags const_loadlibs const_cccmd
274 c_o xs_c xs_o top_targets linkext dlsyms dynamic dynamic_bs
275 dynamic_lib static static_lib manifypods processPL installbin subdirs
276 clean realclean dist_basics dist_core dist_dir dist_test dist_ci
277 install force perldepend makefile staticmake test ppd
279 ); # loses section ordering
281 @Overridable = @MM_Sections;
282 push @Overridable, qw[
284 dir_target libscan makeaperl needs_linking perm_rw perm_rwx
285 subdir_x test_via_harness test_via_script
289 push @MM_Sections, qw[
291 pm_to_blib selfdocument
295 # Postamble needs to be the last that was always the case
296 push @MM_Sections, "postamble";
297 push @Overridable, "postamble";
299 # All sections are valid keys.
300 @Recognized_Att_Keys{@MM_Sections} = (1) x @MM_Sections;
302 # we will use all these variables in the Makefile
305 ar cc cccdlflags ccdlflags dlext dlsrc ld lddlflags ldflags libc
306 lib_ext obj_ext osname osvers ranlib sitelibexp sitearchexp so exe_ext
310 foreach $item (@Attrib_help){
311 $Recognized_Att_Keys{$item} = 1;
313 foreach $item (@Get_from_Config) {
314 $Recognized_Att_Keys{uc $item} = $Config{$item};
315 print "Attribute '\U$item\E' => '$Config{$item}'\n"
320 # When we eval a Makefile.PL in a subdirectory, that one will ask
321 # us (the parent) for the values and will prepend "..", so that
322 # all files to be installed end up below OUR ./blib
327 INST_BIN 1 INST_EXE 1 INST_LIB 1 INST_ARCHLIB 1 INST_SCRIPT
328 1 MAP_TARGET 1 INST_MAN1DIR 1 INST_MAN3DIR 1 PERL_SRC 1
334 NEEDS_LINKING HAS_LINK_CODE
336 @Keep_after_flush{@keep} = (1) x @keep;
342 The extension you are trying to build apparently is rather old and
343 most probably outdated. We detect that from the fact, that a
344 subroutine "writeMakefile" is called, and this subroutine is not
345 supported anymore since about October 1994.
347 Please contact the author or look into CPAN (details about CPAN can be
348 found in the FAQ and at http:/www.perl.com) for a more recent version
349 of the extension. If you're really desperate, you can try to change
350 the subroutine name from writeMakefile to WriteMakefile and rerun
351 'perl Makefile.PL', but you're most probably left alone, when you do
359 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::new {
360 my($class,$self) = @_;
363 print STDOUT "MakeMaker (v$VERSION)\n" if $Verbose;
364 if (-f "MANIFEST" && ! -f "Makefile"){
368 $self = {} unless (defined $self);
372 my(%initial_att) = %$self; # record initial attributes
375 foreach $prereq (sort keys %{$self->{PREREQ_PM}}) {
376 my $eval = "use $prereq $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq}";
379 warn "Warning: prerequisite $prereq $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} not found";
380 # Why is/was this 'delete' here? We need PREREQ_PM later to make PPDs.
382 # delete $self->{PREREQ_PM}{$prereq};
386 # unless (defined $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::useCPAN) {
387 # print qq{MakeMaker WARNING: prerequisites not found (@unsatisfied)
388 # Please install these modules first and rerun 'perl Makefile.PL'.\n};
389 # if ($ExtUtils::MakeMaker::hasCPAN) {
390 # $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::useCPAN = prompt(qq{Should I try to use the CPAN module to fetch them for you?},"yes");
392 # print qq{Hint: You may want to install the CPAN module to autofetch the needed modules\n};
393 # $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::useCPAN=0;
396 # if ($ExtUtils::MakeMaker::useCPAN) {
398 # CPAN->import(@unsatisfied);
400 # die qq{prerequisites not found (@unsatisfied)};
402 # warn qq{WARNING: prerequisites not found (@unsatisfied)};
405 if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
406 if (ref $self->{CONFIGURE} eq 'CODE') {
407 $self = { %$self, %{&{$self->{CONFIGURE}}}};
409 Carp::croak "Attribute 'CONFIGURE' to WriteMakefile() not a code reference\n";
413 # This is for old Makefiles written pre 5.00, will go away
414 if ( Carp::longmess("") =~ /runsubdirpl/s ){
415 Carp::carp("WARNING: Please rerun 'perl Makefile.PL' to regenerate your Makefiles\n");
418 my $newclass = ++$PACKNAME;
419 local @Parent = @Parent; # Protect against non-local exits
422 print "Blessing Object into class [$newclass]\n" if $Verbose>=2;
423 mv_all_methods("MY",$newclass);
424 bless $self, $newclass;
426 @{"$newclass\:\:ISA"} = 'MM';
429 if (defined $Parent[-2]){
430 $self->{PARENT} = $Parent[-2];
432 for $key (keys %Prepend_dot_dot) {
433 next unless defined $self->{PARENT}{$key};
434 $self->{$key} = $self->{PARENT}{$key};
435 # PERL and FULLPERL may be command verbs instead of full
436 # file specifications under VMS. If so, don't turn them
438 $self->{$key} = $self->catdir("..",$self->{$key})
439 unless $self->file_name_is_absolute($self->{$key})
440 || ($^O eq 'VMS' and ($key =~ /PERL$/ && $self->{$key} =~ /^[\w\-\$]+$/));
442 $self->{PARENT}->{CHILDREN}->{$newclass} = $self if $self->{PARENT};
444 parse_args($self,split(' ', $ENV{PERL_MM_OPT} || ''),@ARGV);
447 $self->{NAME} ||= $self->guess_name;
449 ($self->{NAME_SYM} = $self->{NAME}) =~ s/\W+/_/g;
453 if (! $self->{PERL_SRC} ) {
454 my($pthinks) = $self->canonpath($INC{'Config.pm'});
455 my($cthinks) = $self->catfile($Config{'archlibexp'},'Config.pm');
456 $pthinks = VMS::Filespec::vmsify($pthinks) if $Is_VMS;
457 if ($pthinks ne $cthinks &&
458 !($Is_Win32 and lc($pthinks) eq lc($cthinks))) {
459 print "Have $pthinks expected $cthinks\n";
461 $pthinks =~ s![/\\]Config\.pm$!!i; $pthinks =~ s!.*[/\\]!!;
464 $pthinks =~ s!/Config\.pm$!!; $pthinks =~ s!.*/!!;
467 Your perl and your Config.pm seem to have different ideas about the architecture
469 Perl thinks: [$pthinks]
470 Config says: [$Config{archname}]
471 This may or may not cause problems. Please check your installation of perl if you
472 have problems building this extension.
477 $self->init_dirscan();
478 $self->init_others();
479 my($argv) = neatvalue(\@ARGV);
483 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
484 # This Makefile is for the $self->{NAME} extension to perl.
486 # It was generated automatically by MakeMaker version
487 # $VERSION (Revision: $Revision) from the contents of
488 # Makefile.PL. Don't edit this file, edit Makefile.PL instead.
490 # ANY CHANGES MADE HERE WILL BE LOST!
492 # MakeMaker ARGV: $argv
494 # MakeMaker Parameters:
497 foreach $key (sort keys %initial_att){
498 my($v) = neatvalue($initial_att{$key});
499 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
501 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# $key => $v";
504 # turn the SKIP array into a SKIPHASH hash
506 for $skip (@{$self->{SKIP} || []}) {
507 $self->{SKIPHASH}{$skip} = 1;
509 delete $self->{SKIP}; # free memory
511 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
512 for (qw/install dist dist_basics dist_core dist_dir dist_test dist_ci/) {
513 $self->{SKIPHASH}{$_} = 1;
517 # We run all the subdirectories now. They don't have much to query
518 # from the parent, but the parent has to query them: if they need linking!
519 unless ($self->{NORECURS}) {
520 $self->eval_in_subdirs if @{$self->{DIR}};
524 foreach $section ( @MM_Sections ){
525 print "Processing Makefile '$section' section\n" if ($Verbose >= 2);
526 my($skipit) = $self->skipcheck($section);
528 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section $skipit.";
530 my(%a) = %{$self->{$section} || {}};
531 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section:";
532 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# " . join ", ", %a if $Verbose && %a;
533 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, $self->nicetext($self->$section( %a ));
537 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# End.";
542 sub WriteEmptyMakefile {
543 if (-f 'Makefile.old') {
544 chmod 0666, 'Makefile.old';
545 unlink 'Makefile.old' or warn "unlink Makefile.old: $!";
547 rename 'Makefile', 'Makefile.old' or warn "rename Makefile Makefile.old: $!"
549 open MF, '> Makefile' or die "open Makefile for write: $!";
562 close MF or die "close Makefile for write: $!";
566 print STDOUT "Checking if your kit is complete...\n";
567 require ExtUtils::Manifest;
568 $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet=$ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet=1; #avoid warning
569 my(@missed)=ExtUtils::Manifest::manicheck();
571 print STDOUT "Warning: the following files are missing in your kit:\n";
572 print "\t", join "\n\t", @missed;
574 print STDOUT "Please inform the author.\n";
576 print STDOUT "Looks good\n";
581 my($self, @args) = @_;
583 unless (m/(.*?)=(.*)/){
584 help(),exit 1 if m/^help$/;
585 ++$Verbose if m/^verb/;
588 my($name, $value) = ($1, $2);
589 if ($value =~ m/^~(\w+)?/){ # tilde with optional username
590 $value =~ s [^~(\w*)]
592 ((getpwnam($1))[7] || "~$1") :
596 $self->{uc($name)} = $value;
599 # catch old-style 'potential_libs' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
600 if (defined $self->{potential_libs}){
601 my($msg)="'potential_libs' => '$self->{potential_libs}' should be";
602 if ($self->{potential_libs}){
603 print STDOUT "$msg changed to:\n\t'LIBS' => ['$self->{potential_libs}']\n";
605 print STDOUT "$msg deleted.\n";
607 $self->{LIBS} = [$self->{potential_libs}];
608 delete $self->{potential_libs};
610 # catch old-style 'ARMAYBE' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
611 if (defined $self->{ARMAYBE}){
612 my($armaybe) = $self->{ARMAYBE};
613 print STDOUT "ARMAYBE => '$armaybe' should be changed to:\n",
614 "\t'dynamic_lib' => {ARMAYBE => '$armaybe'}\n";
615 my(%dl) = %{$self->{dynamic_lib} || {}};
616 $self->{dynamic_lib} = { %dl, ARMAYBE => $armaybe};
617 delete $self->{ARMAYBE};
619 if (defined $self->{LDTARGET}){
620 print STDOUT "LDTARGET should be changed to LDFROM\n";
621 $self->{LDFROM} = $self->{LDTARGET};
622 delete $self->{LDTARGET};
624 # Turn a DIR argument on the command line into an array
625 if (defined $self->{DIR} && ref \$self->{DIR} eq 'SCALAR') {
626 # So they can choose from the command line, which extensions they want
627 # the grep enables them to have some colons too much in case they
628 # have to build a list with the shell
629 $self->{DIR} = [grep $_, split ":", $self->{DIR}];
631 # Turn a INCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
632 if (defined $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{INCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
633 $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{INCLUDE_EXT}];
635 # Turn a EXCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
636 if (defined $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
637 $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT}];
640 foreach $mmkey (sort keys %$self){
641 print STDOUT " $mmkey => ", neatvalue($self->{$mmkey}), "\n" if $Verbose;
642 print STDOUT "'$mmkey' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name.\n"
643 unless exists $Recognized_Att_Keys{$mmkey};
650 # We allow extension-specific hints files.
652 return unless -d "hints";
654 # First we look for the best hintsfile we have
656 my($hint)="${^O}_$Config{osvers}";
661 # Also try without trailing minor version numbers.
663 last if -f "hints/$hint.pl"; # found
665 last unless $hint =~ s/_[^_]*$//; # nothing to cut off
667 return unless -f "hints/$hint.pl"; # really there
669 # execute the hintsfile:
671 # my $fh = new FileHandle;
672 # $fh->open("hints/$hint.pl");
674 open(FH,"hints/$hint.pl");
675 # @goodhints = <$fh>;
679 print STDOUT "Processing hints file hints/$hint.pl\n";
680 eval join('',@goodhints);
681 print STDOUT $@ if $@;
687 my($symtab) = \%{"${from}::"};
690 # Here you see the *current* list of methods that are overridable
691 # from Makefile.PL via MY:: subroutines. As of VERSION 5.07 I'm
692 # still trying to reduce the list to some reasonable minimum --
693 # because I want to make it easier for the user. A.K.
695 foreach $method (@Overridable) {
697 # We cannot say "next" here. Nick might call MY->makeaperl
698 # which isn't defined right now
700 # Above statement was written at 4.23 time when Tk-b8 was
701 # around. As Tk-b9 only builds with 5.002something and MM 5 is
702 # standard, we try to enable the next line again. It was
703 # commented out until MM 5.23
705 next unless defined &{"${from}::$method"};
707 *{"${to}::$method"} = \&{"${from}::$method"};
709 # delete would do, if we were sure, nobody ever called
710 # MY->makeaperl directly
712 # delete $symtab->{$method};
714 # If we delete a method, then it will be undefined and cannot
715 # be called. But as long as we have Makefile.PLs that rely on
716 # %MY:: being intact, we have to fill the hole with an
719 eval "package MY; sub $method { shift->SUPER::$method(\@_); }";
722 # We have to clean out %INC also, because the current directory is
723 # changed frequently and Graham Barr prefers to get his version
724 # out of a History.pl file which is "required" so woudn't get
725 # loaded again in another extension requiring a History.pl
727 # With perl5.002_01 the deletion of entries in %INC caused Tk-b11
728 # to core dump in the middle of a require statement. The required
729 # file was Tk/MMutil.pm. The consequence is, we have to be
730 # extremely careful when we try to give perl a reason to reload a
731 # library with same name. The workaround prefers to drop nothing
732 # from %INC and teach the writers not to use such libraries.
735 # foreach $inc (keys %INC) {
736 # #warn "***$inc*** deleted";
744 if ($section eq 'dynamic') {
745 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
746 "in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
747 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
748 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
749 "in skipped section 'dynamic_lib'\n"
750 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_lib} && $Verbose;
752 if ($section eq 'dynamic_lib') {
753 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target '\$(INST_DYNAMIC)' depends on ",
754 "targets in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
755 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
757 if ($section eq 'static') {
758 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'static' depends on targets ",
759 "in skipped section 'static_lib'\n"
760 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{static_lib} && $Verbose;
762 return 'skipped' if $self->{SKIPHASH}{$section};
770 # my $fh = new FileHandle;
772 print STDOUT "Writing $self->{MAKEFILE} for $self->{NAME}\n";
774 unlink($self->{MAKEFILE}, "MakeMaker.tmp", $Is_VMS ? 'Descrip.MMS' : '');
775 # $fh->open(">MakeMaker.tmp") or die "Unable to open MakeMaker.tmp: $!";
776 open(FH,">MakeMaker.tmp") or die "Unable to open MakeMaker.tmp: $!";
778 for $chunk (@{$self->{RESULT}}) {
779 # print $fh "$chunk\n";
785 my($finalname) = $self->{MAKEFILE};
786 rename("MakeMaker.tmp", $finalname);
787 chmod 0644, $finalname unless $Is_VMS;
789 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
790 foreach (keys %$self) { # safe memory
791 delete $self->{$_} unless $Keep_after_flush{$_};
795 system("$Config::Config{eunicefix} $finalname") unless $Config::Config{eunicefix} eq ":";
798 # The following mkbootstrap() is only for installations that are calling
799 # the pre-4.1 mkbootstrap() from their old Makefiles. This MakeMaker
800 # writes Makefiles, that use ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap directly.
803 !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
804 !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker. !!!
805 !!! Please rebuild your Makefile !!!
809 # Ditto for mksymlists() as of MakeMaker 5.17
812 !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
813 !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker. !!!
814 !!! Please rebuild your Makefile !!!
820 return "undef" unless defined $v;
822 return "q[$v]" unless $t;
824 my(@m, $elem, @neat);
826 foreach $elem (@$v) {
827 push @neat, "q[$elem]";
829 push @m, join ", ", @neat;
833 return "$v" unless $t eq 'HASH';
835 while (($key,$val) = each %$v){
836 last unless defined $key; # cautious programming in case (undef,undef) is true
837 push(@m,"$key=>".neatvalue($val)) ;
839 return "{ ".join(', ',@m)." }";
846 push @m, "\n# Full list of MakeMaker attribute values:";
847 foreach $key (sort keys %$self){
848 next if $key eq 'RESULT' || $key =~ /^[A-Z][a-z]/;
849 my($v) = neatvalue($self->{$key});
850 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
852 push @m, "# $key => $v";
858 package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
865 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
869 C<use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;>
871 C<WriteMakefile( ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...] );>
875 C<MM-E<gt>new(\%att)-E<gt>flush;>
879 This utility is designed to write a Makefile for an extension module
880 from a Makefile.PL. It is based on the Makefile.SH model provided by
881 Andy Dougherty and the perl5-porters.
883 It splits the task of generating the Makefile into several subroutines
884 that can be individually overridden. Each subroutine returns the text
885 it wishes to have written to the Makefile.
887 MakeMaker is object oriented. Each directory below the current
888 directory that contains a Makefile.PL. Is treated as a separate
889 object. This makes it possible to write an unlimited number of
890 Makefiles with a single invocation of WriteMakefile().
892 =head2 How To Write A Makefile.PL
894 The short answer is: Don't.
896 Always begin with h2xs.
897 Always begin with h2xs!
898 ALWAYS BEGIN WITH H2XS!
900 even if you're not building around a header file, and even if you
901 don't have an XS component.
903 Run h2xs(1) before you start thinking about writing a module. For so
904 called pm-only modules that consist of C<*.pm> files only, h2xs has
905 the C<-X> switch. This will generate dummy files of all kinds that are
906 useful for the module developer.
908 The medium answer is:
910 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
911 WriteMakefile( NAME => "Foo::Bar" );
913 The long answer is the rest of the manpage :-)
915 =head2 Default Makefile Behaviour
917 The generated Makefile enables the user of the extension to invoke
919 perl Makefile.PL # optionally "perl Makefile.PL verbose"
921 make test # optionally set TEST_VERBOSE=1
922 make install # See below
924 The Makefile to be produced may be altered by adding arguments of the
925 form C<KEY=VALUE>. E.g.
927 perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/tmp/myperl5
929 Other interesting targets in the generated Makefile are
931 make config # to check if the Makefile is up-to-date
932 make clean # delete local temp files (Makefile gets renamed)
933 make realclean # delete derived files (including ./blib)
934 make ci # check in all the files in the MANIFEST file
935 make dist # see below the Distribution Support section
939 MakeMaker checks for the existence of a file named F<test.pl> in the
940 current directory and if it exists it adds commands to the test target
941 of the generated Makefile that will execute the script with the proper
942 set of perl C<-I> options.
944 MakeMaker also checks for any files matching glob("t/*.t"). It will
945 add commands to the test target of the generated Makefile that execute
946 all matching files via the L<Test::Harness> module with the C<-I>
947 switches set correctly.
951 A useful variation of the above is the target C<testdb>. It runs the
952 test under the Perl debugger (see L<perldebug>). If the file
953 F<test.pl> exists in the current directory, it is used for the test.
955 If you want to debug some other testfile, set C<TEST_FILE> variable
958 make testdb TEST_FILE=t/mytest.t
960 By default the debugger is called using C<-d> option to perl. If you
961 want to specify some other option, set C<TESTDB_SW> variable:
963 make testdb TESTDB_SW=-Dx
967 make alone puts all relevant files into directories that are named by
968 the macros INST_LIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_SCRIPT, INST_MAN1DIR, and
969 INST_MAN3DIR. All these default to something below ./blib if you are
970 I<not> building below the perl source directory. If you I<are>
971 building below the perl source, INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB default to
972 ../../lib, and INST_SCRIPT is not defined.
974 The I<install> target of the generated Makefile copies the files found
975 below each of the INST_* directories to their INSTALL*
976 counterparts. Which counterparts are chosen depends on the setting of
977 INSTALLDIRS according to the following table:
982 INST_ARCHLIB INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALLSITEARCH
983 INST_LIB INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALLSITELIB
985 INST_SCRIPT INSTALLSCRIPT
986 INST_MAN1DIR INSTALLMAN1DIR
987 INST_MAN3DIR INSTALLMAN3DIR
989 The INSTALL... macros in turn default to their %Config
990 ($Config{installprivlib}, $Config{installarchlib}, etc.) counterparts.
992 You can check the values of these variables on your system with
996 And to check the sequence in which the library directories are
997 searched by perl, run
999 perl -le 'print join $/, @INC'
1002 =head2 PREFIX and LIB attribute
1004 PREFIX and LIB can be used to set several INSTALL* attributes in one
1005 go. The quickest way to install a module in a non-standard place might
1008 perl Makefile.PL LIB=~/lib
1010 This will install the module's architecture-independent files into
1011 ~/lib, the architecture-dependent files into ~/lib/$archname/auto.
1013 Another way to specify many INSTALL directories with a single
1014 parameter is PREFIX.
1016 perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=~
1018 This will replace the string specified by $Config{prefix} in all
1019 $Config{install*} values.
1021 Note, that in both cases the tilde expansion is done by MakeMaker, not
1022 by perl by default, nor by make. Conflicts between parmeters LIB,
1023 PREFIX and the various INSTALL* arguments are resolved so that
1026 If the user has superuser privileges, and is not working on AFS
1027 (Andrew File System) or relatives, then the defaults for
1028 INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, etc. will be appropriate,
1029 and this incantation will be the best:
1031 perl Makefile.PL; make; make test
1034 make install per default writes some documentation of what has been
1035 done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This feature
1036 can be bypassed by calling make pure_install.
1040 will have to specify the installation directories as these most
1041 probably have changed since perl itself has been installed. They will
1042 have to do this by calling
1044 perl Makefile.PL INSTALLSITELIB=/afs/here/today \
1045 INSTALLSCRIPT=/afs/there/now INSTALLMAN3DIR=/afs/for/manpages
1048 Be careful to repeat this procedure every time you recompile an
1049 extension, unless you are sure the AFS installation directories are
1052 =head2 Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
1054 An extension that is built with the above steps is ready to use on
1055 systems supporting dynamic loading. On systems that do not support
1056 dynamic loading, any newly created extension has to be linked together
1057 with the available resources. MakeMaker supports the linking process
1058 by creating appropriate targets in the Makefile whenever an extension
1059 is built. You can invoke the corresponding section of the makefile with
1063 That produces a new perl binary in the current directory with all
1064 extensions linked in that can be found in INST_ARCHLIB , SITELIBEXP,
1065 and PERL_ARCHLIB. To do that, MakeMaker writes a new Makefile, on
1066 UNIX, this is called Makefile.aperl (may be system dependent). If you
1067 want to force the creation of a new perl, it is recommended, that you
1068 delete this Makefile.aperl, so the directories are searched-through
1069 for linkable libraries again.
1071 The binary can be installed into the directory where perl normally
1072 resides on your machine with
1076 To produce a perl binary with a different name than C<perl>, either say
1078 perl Makefile.PL MAP_TARGET=myperl
1085 make myperl MAP_TARGET=myperl
1086 make inst_perl MAP_TARGET=myperl
1088 In any case you will be prompted with the correct invocation of the
1089 C<inst_perl> target that installs the new binary into INSTALLBIN.
1091 make inst_perl per default writes some documentation of what has been
1092 done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This
1093 can be bypassed by calling make pure_inst_perl.
1095 Warning: the inst_perl: target will most probably overwrite your
1096 existing perl binary. Use with care!
1098 Sometimes you might want to build a statically linked perl although
1099 your system supports dynamic loading. In this case you may explicitly
1100 set the linktype with the invocation of the Makefile.PL or make:
1102 perl Makefile.PL LINKTYPE=static # recommended
1106 make LINKTYPE=static # works on most systems
1108 =head2 Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
1110 MakeMaker needs to know, or to guess, where certain things are
1111 located. Especially INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB (where to put the files
1112 during the make(1) run), PERL_LIB and PERL_ARCHLIB (where to read
1113 existing modules from), and PERL_INC (header files and C<libperl*.*>).
1115 Extensions may be built either using the contents of the perl source
1116 directory tree or from the installed perl library. The recommended way
1117 is to build extensions after you have run 'make install' on perl
1118 itself. You can do that in any directory on your hard disk that is not
1119 below the perl source tree. The support for extensions below the ext
1120 directory of the perl distribution is only good for the standard
1121 extensions that come with perl.
1123 If an extension is being built below the C<ext/> directory of the perl
1124 source then MakeMaker will set PERL_SRC automatically (e.g.,
1125 C<../..>). If PERL_SRC is defined and the extension is recognized as
1126 a standard extension, then other variables default to the following:
1129 PERL_LIB = PERL_SRC/lib
1130 PERL_ARCHLIB = PERL_SRC/lib
1132 INST_ARCHLIB = PERL_ARCHLIB
1134 If an extension is being built away from the perl source then MakeMaker
1135 will leave PERL_SRC undefined and default to using the installed copy
1136 of the perl library. The other variables default to the following:
1138 PERL_INC = $archlibexp/CORE
1139 PERL_LIB = $privlibexp
1140 PERL_ARCHLIB = $archlibexp
1141 INST_LIB = ./blib/lib
1142 INST_ARCHLIB = ./blib/arch
1144 If perl has not yet been installed then PERL_SRC can be defined on the
1145 command line as shown in the previous section.
1148 =head2 Which architecture dependent directory?
1150 If you don't want to keep the defaults for the INSTALL* macros,
1151 MakeMaker helps you to minimize the typing needed: the usual
1152 relationship between INSTALLPRIVLIB and INSTALLARCHLIB is determined
1153 by Configure at perl compilation time. MakeMaker supports the user who
1154 sets INSTALLPRIVLIB. If INSTALLPRIVLIB is set, but INSTALLARCHLIB not,
1155 then MakeMaker defaults the latter to be the same subdirectory of
1156 INSTALLPRIVLIB as Configure decided for the counterparts in %Config ,
1157 otherwise it defaults to INSTALLPRIVLIB. The same relationship holds
1158 for INSTALLSITELIB and INSTALLSITEARCH.
1160 MakeMaker gives you much more freedom than needed to configure
1161 internal variables and get different results. It is worth to mention,
1162 that make(1) also lets you configure most of the variables that are
1163 used in the Makefile. But in the majority of situations this will not
1164 be necessary, and should only be done, if the author of a package
1165 recommends it (or you know what you're doing).
1167 =head2 Using Attributes and Parameters
1169 The following attributes can be specified as arguments to WriteMakefile()
1170 or as NAME=VALUE pairs on the command line:
1176 String containing name (and email address) of package author(s). Is used
1177 in PPD (Perl Package Description) files for PPM (Perl Package Manager).
1181 One line description of the module. Will be included in PPD file.
1185 Name of the file that contains the package description. MakeMaker looks
1186 for a line in the POD matching /^($package\s-\s)(.*)/. This is typically
1187 the first line in the "=head1 NAME" section. $2 becomes the abstract.
1189 =item BINARY_LOCATION
1191 Used when creating PPD files for binary packages. It can be set to a
1192 full or relative path or URL to the binary archive for a particular
1193 architecture. For example:
1195 perl Makefile.PL BINARY_LOCATION=x86/Agent.tar.gz
1197 builds a PPD package that references a binary of the C<Agent> package,
1198 located in the C<x86> directory relative to the PPD itself.
1202 Ref to array of *.c file names. Initialised from a directory scan
1203 and the values portion of the XS attribute hash. This is not
1204 currently used by MakeMaker but may be handy in Makefile.PLs.
1208 Switch to force usage of the Perl C API even when compiling for PERL_OBJECT.
1212 String that will be included in the compiler call command line between
1213 the arguments INC and OPTIMIZE.
1217 Arrayref. E.g. [qw(archname manext)] defines ARCHNAME & MANEXT from
1218 config.sh. MakeMaker will add to CONFIG the following values anyway:
1238 CODE reference. The subroutine should return a hash reference. The
1239 hash may contain further attributes, e.g. {LIBS =E<gt> ...}, that have to
1240 be determined by some evaluation method.
1244 Something like C<"-DHAVE_UNISTD_H">
1248 Ref to array of subdirectories containing Makefile.PLs e.g. [ 'sdbm'
1253 Your name for distributing the package (by tar file). This defaults to
1258 Hashref of symbol names for routines to be made available as universal
1259 symbols. Each key/value pair consists of the package name and an
1260 array of routine names in that package. Used only under AIX, OS/2,
1261 VMS and Win32 at present. The routine names supplied will be expanded
1262 in the same way as XSUB names are expanded by the XS() macro.
1265 {"$(NAME)" => ["boot_$(NAME)" ] }
1269 {"RPC" => [qw( boot_rpcb rpcb_gettime getnetconfigent )],
1270 "NetconfigPtr" => [ 'DESTROY'] }
1272 Please see the L<ExtUtils::Mksymlists> documentation for more information
1273 about the DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS and FUNCLIST attributes.
1277 Array of symbol names for variables to be made available as universal symbols.
1278 Used only under AIX, OS/2, VMS and Win32 at present. Defaults to [].
1279 (e.g. [ qw(Foo_version Foo_numstreams Foo_tree ) ])
1283 Array of extension names to exclude when doing a static build. This
1284 is ignored if INCLUDE_EXT is present. Consult INCLUDE_EXT for more
1285 details. (e.g. [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ] )
1287 This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
1288 commandline: perl Makefile.PL EXCLUDE_EXT='Socket Safe'
1292 Ref to array of executable files. The files will be copied to the
1293 INST_SCRIPT directory. Make realclean will delete them from there
1296 =item FIRST_MAKEFILE
1298 The name of the Makefile to be produced. Defaults to the contents of
1299 MAKEFILE, but can be overridden. This is used for the second Makefile
1300 that will be produced for the MAP_TARGET.
1304 Perl binary able to run this extension.
1308 This provides an alternate means to specify function names to be
1309 exported from the extension. Its value is a reference to an
1310 array of function names to be exported by the extension. These
1311 names are passed through unaltered to the linker options file.
1315 Ref to array of *.h file names. Similar to C.
1319 This attribute is used to specify names to be imported into the
1320 extension. It is only used on OS/2 and Win32.
1324 Include file dirs eg: C<"-I/usr/5include -I/path/to/inc">
1328 Array of extension names to be included when doing a static build.
1329 MakeMaker will normally build with all of the installed extensions when
1330 doing a static build, and that is usually the desired behavior. If
1331 INCLUDE_EXT is present then MakeMaker will build only with those extensions
1332 which are explicitly mentioned. (e.g. [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ])
1334 It is not necessary to mention DynaLoader or the current extension when
1335 filling in INCLUDE_EXT. If the INCLUDE_EXT is mentioned but is empty then
1336 only DynaLoader and the current extension will be included in the build.
1338 This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
1339 commandline: perl Makefile.PL INCLUDE_EXT='POSIX Socket Devel::Peek'
1341 =item INSTALLARCHLIB
1343 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1344 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
1348 Directory to install binary files (e.g. tkperl) into.
1352 Determines which of the two sets of installation directories to
1353 choose: installprivlib and installarchlib versus installsitelib and
1354 installsitearch. The first pair is chosen with INSTALLDIRS=perl, the
1355 second with INSTALLDIRS=site. Default is site.
1357 =item INSTALLMAN1DIR
1359 This directory gets the man pages at 'make install' time. Defaults to
1360 $Config{installman1dir}.
1362 =item INSTALLMAN3DIR
1364 This directory gets the man pages at 'make install' time. Defaults to
1365 $Config{installman3dir}.
1367 =item INSTALLPRIVLIB
1369 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1370 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
1374 Used by 'make install' which copies files from INST_SCRIPT to this
1377 =item INSTALLSITEARCH
1379 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1380 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1382 =item INSTALLSITELIB
1384 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1385 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1389 Same as INST_LIB for architecture dependent files.
1393 Directory to put real binary files during 'make'. These will be copied
1394 to INSTALLBIN during 'make install'
1398 Old name for INST_SCRIPT. Deprecated. Please use INST_SCRIPT if you
1403 Directory where we put library files of this extension while building
1408 Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
1412 Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
1416 Directory, where executable files should be installed during
1417 'make'. Defaults to "./blib/bin", just to have a dummy location during
1418 testing. make install will copy the files in INST_SCRIPT to
1423 defaults to "$(OBJECT)" and is used in the ld command to specify
1424 what files to link/load from (also see dynamic_lib below for how to
1429 LIB can only be set at C<perl Makefile.PL> time. It has the effect of
1430 setting both INSTALLPRIVLIB and INSTALLSITELIB to that value regardless any
1434 The filename of the perllibrary that will be used together with this
1435 extension. Defaults to libperl.a.
1439 An anonymous array of alternative library
1440 specifications to be searched for (in order) until
1441 at least one library is found. E.g.
1443 'LIBS' => ["-lgdbm", "-ldbm -lfoo", "-L/path -ldbm.nfs"]
1445 Mind, that any element of the array
1446 contains a complete set of arguments for the ld
1447 command. So do not specify
1449 'LIBS' => ["-ltcl", "-ltk", "-lX11"]
1451 See ODBM_File/Makefile.PL for an example, where an array is needed. If
1452 you specify a scalar as in
1454 'LIBS' => "-ltcl -ltk -lX11"
1456 MakeMaker will turn it into an array with one element.
1460 'static' or 'dynamic' (default unless usedl=undef in
1461 config.sh). Should only be used to force static linking (also see
1466 Boolean which tells MakeMaker, that it should include the rules to
1467 make a perl. This is handled automatically as a switch by
1468 MakeMaker. The user normally does not need it.
1472 The name of the Makefile to be produced.
1476 Hashref of pod-containing files. MakeMaker will default this to all
1477 EXE_FILES files that include POD directives. The files listed
1478 here will be converted to man pages and installed as was requested
1483 Hashref of .pm and .pod files. MakeMaker will default this to all
1484 .pod and any .pm files that include POD directives. The files listed
1485 here will be converted to man pages and installed as was requested
1490 If it is intended, that a new perl binary be produced, this variable
1491 may hold a name for that binary. Defaults to perl
1495 If the extension links to a library that it builds set this to the
1496 name of the library (see SDBM_File)
1500 Perl module name for this extension (DBD::Oracle). This will default
1501 to the directory name but should be explicitly defined in the
1506 MakeMaker will figure out, if an extension contains linkable code
1507 anywhere down the directory tree, and will set this variable
1508 accordingly, but you can speed it up a very little bit, if you define
1509 this boolean variable yourself.
1513 Defaults to C<@>. By setting it to an empty string you can generate a
1514 Makefile that echos all commands. Mainly used in debugging MakeMaker
1519 Boolean. Attribute to inhibit descending into subdirectories.
1523 In general any generated Makefile checks for the current version of
1524 MakeMaker and the version the Makefile was built under. If NO_VC is
1525 set, the version check is neglected. Do not write this into your
1526 Makefile.PL, use it interactively instead.
1530 List of object files, defaults to '$(BASEEXT)$(OBJ_EXT)', but can be a long
1531 string containing all object files, e.g. "tkpBind.o
1532 tkpButton.o tkpCanvas.o"
1536 Defaults to C<-O>. Set it to C<-g> to turn debugging on. The flag is
1537 passed to subdirectory makes.
1541 Perl binary for tasks that can be done by miniperl
1545 The call to the program that is able to compile perlmain.c. Defaults
1550 Same as above for architecture dependent files
1554 Directory containing the Perl library to use.
1558 Directory containing the Perl source code (use of this should be
1559 avoided, it may be undefined)
1563 Desired Permission for read/writable files. Defaults to C<644>.
1564 See also L<MM_Unix/perm_rw>.
1568 Desired permission for executable files. Defaults to C<755>.
1569 See also L<MM_Unix/perm_rwx>.
1573 Ref to hash of files to be processed as perl programs. MakeMaker
1574 will default to any found *.PL file (except Makefile.PL) being keys
1575 and the basename of the file being the value. E.g.
1577 {'foobar.PL' => 'foobar'}
1579 The *.PL files are expected to produce output to the target files
1584 Hashref of .pm files and *.pl files to be installed. e.g.
1586 {'name_of_file.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/install_as.pm'}
1588 By default this will include *.pm and *.pl and the files found in
1589 the PMLIBDIRS directories. Defining PM in the
1590 Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
1594 Ref to array of subdirectories containing library files. Defaults to
1595 [ 'lib', $(BASEEXT) ]. The directories will be scanned and I<any> files
1596 they contain will be installed in the corresponding location in the
1597 library. A libscan() method can be used to alter the behaviour.
1598 Defining PM in the Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
1600 =item PPM_INSTALL_EXEC
1602 Name of the executable used to run C<PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT> below. (e.g. perl)
1604 =item PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT
1606 Name of the script that gets executed by the Perl Package Manager after
1607 the installation of a package.
1611 Can be used to set the three INSTALL* attributes in one go (except for
1612 probably INSTALLMAN1DIR, if it is not below PREFIX according to
1613 %Config). They will have PREFIX as a common directory node and will
1614 branch from that node into lib/, lib/ARCHNAME or whatever Configure
1615 decided at the build time of your perl (unless you override one of
1620 Hashref: Names of modules that need to be available to run this
1621 extension (e.g. Fcntl for SDBM_File) are the keys of the hash and the
1622 desired version is the value. If the required version number is 0, we
1623 only check if any version is installed already.
1627 Arryref. E.g. [qw(name1 name2)] skip (do not write) sections of the
1628 Makefile. Caution! Do not use the SKIP attribute for the neglectible
1629 speedup. It may seriously damage the resulting Makefile. Only use it,
1630 if you really need it.
1634 Ref to array of typemap file names. Use this when the typemaps are
1635 in some directory other than the current directory or when they are
1636 not named B<typemap>. The last typemap in the list takes
1637 precedence. A typemap in the current directory has highest
1638 precedence, even if it isn't listed in TYPEMAPS. The default system
1639 typemap has lowest precedence.
1643 Your version number for distributing the package. This defaults to
1648 Instead of specifying the VERSION in the Makefile.PL you can let
1649 MakeMaker parse a file to determine the version number. The parsing
1650 routine requires that the file named by VERSION_FROM contains one
1651 single line to compute the version number. The first line in the file
1652 that contains the regular expression
1654 /([\$*])(([\w\:\']*)\bVERSION)\b.*\=/
1656 will be evaluated with eval() and the value of the named variable
1657 B<after> the eval() will be assigned to the VERSION attribute of the
1658 MakeMaker object. The following lines will be parsed o.k.:
1662 ( $VERSION ) = '$Revision: 1.222 $ ' =~ /\$Revision:\s+([^\s]+)/;
1663 $FOO::VERSION = '1.10';
1664 *FOO::VERSION = \'1.11';
1666 but these will fail:
1668 my $VERSION = '1.01';
1669 local $VERSION = '1.02';
1670 local $FOO::VERSION = '1.30';
1672 The file named in VERSION_FROM is not added as a dependency to
1673 Makefile. This is not really correct, but it would be a major pain
1674 during development to have to rewrite the Makefile for any smallish
1675 change in that file. If you want to make sure that the Makefile
1676 contains the correct VERSION macro after any change of the file, you
1677 would have to do something like
1679 depend => { Makefile => '$(VERSION_FROM)' }
1681 See attribute C<depend> below.
1685 Hashref of .xs files. MakeMaker will default this. e.g.
1687 {'name_of_file.xs' => 'name_of_file.c'}
1689 The .c files will automatically be included in the list of files
1690 deleted by a make clean.
1694 String of options to pass to xsubpp. This might include C<-C++> or
1695 C<-extern>. Do not include typemaps here; the TYPEMAP parameter exists for
1700 May be set to an empty string, which is identical to C<-prototypes>, or
1701 C<-noprototypes>. See the xsubpp documentation for details. MakeMaker
1702 defaults to the empty string.
1706 Your version number for the .xs file of this package. This defaults
1707 to the value of the VERSION attribute.
1711 =head2 Additional lowercase attributes
1713 can be used to pass parameters to the methods which implement that
1714 part of the Makefile.
1720 {FILES => "*.xyz foo"}
1724 {ANY_TARGET => ANY_DEPENDECY, ...}
1728 {TARFLAGS => 'cvfF', COMPRESS => 'gzip', SUFFIX => '.gz',
1729 SHAR => 'shar -m', DIST_CP => 'ln', ZIP => '/bin/zip',
1730 ZIPFLAGS => '-rl', DIST_DEFAULT => 'private tardist' }
1732 If you specify COMPRESS, then SUFFIX should also be altered, as it is
1733 needed to tell make the target file of the compression. Setting
1734 DIST_CP to ln can be useful, if you need to preserve the timestamps on
1735 your files. DIST_CP can take the values 'cp', which copies the file,
1736 'ln', which links the file, and 'best' which copies symbolic links and
1737 links the rest. Default is 'best'.
1741 {ARMAYBE => 'ar', OTHERLDFLAGS => '...', INST_DYNAMIC_DEP => '...'}
1745 {LINKTYPE => 'static', 'dynamic' or ''}
1747 NB: Extensions that have nothing but *.pm files had to say
1751 with Pre-5.0 MakeMakers. Since version 5.00 of MakeMaker such a line
1752 can be deleted safely. MakeMaker recognizes, when there's nothing to
1757 {ANY_MACRO => ANY_VALUE, ...}
1761 {FILES => '$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/*.xyz'}
1763 =item tool_autosplit
1769 =head2 Overriding MakeMaker Methods
1771 If you cannot achieve the desired Makefile behaviour by specifying
1772 attributes you may define private subroutines in the Makefile.PL.
1773 Each subroutines returns the text it wishes to have written to
1774 the Makefile. To override a section of the Makefile you can
1777 sub MY::c_o { "new literal text" }
1779 or you can edit the default by saying something like:
1782 package MY; # so that "SUPER" works right
1783 my $inherited = shift->SUPER::c_o(@_);
1784 $inherited =~ s/old text/new text/;
1788 If you are running experiments with embedding perl as a library into
1789 other applications, you might find MakeMaker is not sufficient. You'd
1790 better have a look at ExtUtils::Embed which is a collection of utilities
1793 If you still need a different solution, try to develop another
1794 subroutine that fits your needs and submit the diffs to
1795 F<perl5-porters@perl.org> or F<comp.lang.perl.moderated> as appropriate.
1797 For a complete description of all MakeMaker methods see L<ExtUtils::MM_Unix>.
1799 Here is a simple example of how to add a new target to the generated
1804 $(MYEXTLIB): sdbm/Makefile
1805 cd sdbm && $(MAKE) all
1810 =head2 Hintsfile support
1812 MakeMaker.pm uses the architecture specific information from
1813 Config.pm. In addition it evaluates architecture specific hints files
1814 in a C<hints/> directory. The hints files are expected to be named
1815 like their counterparts in C<PERL_SRC/hints>, but with an C<.pl> file
1816 name extension (eg. C<next_3_2.pl>). They are simply C<eval>ed by
1817 MakeMaker within the WriteMakefile() subroutine, and can be used to
1818 execute commands as well as to include special variables. The rules
1819 which hintsfile is chosen are the same as in Configure.
1821 The hintsfile is eval()ed immediately after the arguments given to
1822 WriteMakefile are stuffed into a hash reference $self but before this
1823 reference becomes blessed. So if you want to do the equivalent to
1824 override or create an attribute you would say something like
1826 $self->{LIBS} = ['-ldbm -lucb -lc'];
1828 =head2 Distribution Support
1830 For authors of extensions MakeMaker provides several Makefile
1831 targets. Most of the support comes from the ExtUtils::Manifest module,
1832 where additional documentation can be found.
1836 =item make distcheck
1838 reports which files are below the build directory but not in the
1839 MANIFEST file and vice versa. (See ExtUtils::Manifest::fullcheck() for
1842 =item make skipcheck
1844 reports which files are skipped due to the entries in the
1845 C<MANIFEST.SKIP> file (See ExtUtils::Manifest::skipcheck() for
1848 =item make distclean
1850 does a realclean first and then the distcheck. Note that this is not
1851 needed to build a new distribution as long as you are sure, that the
1852 MANIFEST file is ok.
1856 rewrites the MANIFEST file, adding all remaining files found (See
1857 ExtUtils::Manifest::mkmanifest() for details)
1861 Copies all the files that are in the MANIFEST file to a newly created
1862 directory with the name C<$(DISTNAME)-$(VERSION)>. If that directory
1863 exists, it will be removed first.
1867 Makes a distdir first, and runs a C<perl Makefile.PL>, a make, and
1868 a make test in that directory.
1872 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
1873 command, followed by $(TOUNIX), which defaults to a null command under
1874 UNIX, and will convert files in distribution directory to UNIX format
1875 otherwise. Next it runs C<tar> on that directory into a tarfile and
1876 deletes the directory. Finishes with a command $(POSTOP) which
1877 defaults to a null command.
1881 Defaults to $(DIST_DEFAULT) which in turn defaults to tardist.
1883 =item make uutardist
1885 Runs a tardist first and uuencodes the tarfile.
1889 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
1890 command. Next it runs C<shar> on that directory into a sharfile and
1891 deletes the intermediate directory again. Finishes with a command
1892 $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command. Note: For shdist to work
1893 properly a C<shar> program that can handle directories is mandatory.
1897 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
1898 command. Runs C<$(ZIP) $(ZIPFLAGS)> on that directory into a
1899 zipfile. Then deletes that directory. Finishes with a command
1900 $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command.
1904 Does a $(CI) and a $(RCS_LABEL) on all files in the MANIFEST file.
1908 Customization of the dist targets can be done by specifying a hash
1909 reference to the dist attribute of the WriteMakefile call. The
1910 following parameters are recognized:
1913 COMPRESS ('gzip --best')
1916 TO_UNIX (depends on the system)
1917 RCS_LABEL ('rcs -q -Nv$(VERSION_SYM):')
1927 WriteMakefile( 'dist' => { COMPRESS=>"bzip2", SUFFIX=>".bz2" })
1929 =head2 Disabling an extension
1931 If some events detected in F<Makefile.PL> imply that there is no way
1932 to create the Module, but this is a normal state of things, then you
1933 can create a F<Makefile> which does nothing, but succeeds on all the
1934 "usual" build targets. To do so, use
1936 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::WriteEmptyMakefile();
1938 instead of WriteMakefile().
1940 This may be useful if other modules expect this module to be I<built>
1941 OK, as opposed to I<work> OK (say, this system-dependent module builds
1942 in a subdirectory of some other distribution, or is listed as a
1943 dependency in a CPAN::Bundle, but the functionality is supported by
1944 different means on the current architecture).
1952 Command line options used by C<MakeMaker-E<gt>new()>, and thus by
1953 C<WriteMakefile()>. The string is split on whitespace, and the result
1954 is processed before any actual command line arguments are processed.
1960 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::testlib,
1961 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Embed
1965 Andy Dougherty <F<doughera@lafcol.lafayette.edu>>, Andreas KE<ouml>nig
1966 <F<A.Koenig@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE>>, Tim Bunce <F<Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk>>.
1967 VMS support by Charles Bailey <F<bailey@newman.upenn.edu>>. OS/2
1968 support by Ilya Zakharevich <F<ilya@math.ohio-state.edu>>. Contact the
1969 makemaker mailing list C<mailto:makemaker@franz.ww.tu-berlin.de>, if
1970 you have any questions.