1 BEGIN {require 5.002;} # MakeMaker 5.17 was the last MakeMaker that was compatible with perl5.001m
3 package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
6 $Version_OK = "5.17"; # Makefiles older than $Version_OK will die
7 # (Will be checked from MakeMaker version 4.13 onwards)
8 ($Revision = substr(q$Revision: 1.222 $, 10)) =~ s/\s+$//;
17 @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $AUTOLOAD
18 $ISA_TTY $Revision $VERSION $Verbose $Version_OK %Config
19 %Keep_after_flush %MM_Sections %Prepend_dot_dot
20 %Recognized_Att_Keys @Get_from_Config @MM_Sections @Overridable
25 # &DynaLoader::mod2fname should be available to miniperl, thus
26 # should be a pseudo-builtin (cmp. os2.c).
27 #eval {require DynaLoader;};
30 # Set up the inheritance before we pull in the MM_* packages, because they
31 # import variables and functions from here
34 @EXPORT = qw(&WriteMakefile &writeMakefile $Verbose &prompt);
35 @EXPORT_OK = qw($VERSION &Version_check &neatvalue &mkbootstrap &mksymlists);
38 # Dummy package MM inherits actual methods from OS-specific
39 # default packages. We use this intermediate package so
40 # MY::XYZ->func() can call MM->func() and get the proper
41 # default routine without having to know under what OS
44 @MM::ISA = qw[ExtUtils::MM_Unix ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid ExtUtils::MakeMaker];
47 # Setup dummy package:
48 # MY exists for overriding methods to be defined within
53 ### sub AUTOLOAD { use Devel::Symdump; print Devel::Symdump->rnew->as_string; Carp::confess "hey why? $AUTOLOAD" }
58 # "predeclare the package: we only load it via AUTOLOAD
59 # but we have already mentioned it in @ISA
60 package ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid;
62 package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
64 # Now we can pull in the friends
66 my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
67 my $Is_OS2 = $^O eq 'os2';
68 my $Is_Mac = $^O eq 'MacOS';
69 my $Is_Win32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
70 my $Is_Cygwin = $^O eq 'cygwin';
71 my $Is_NetWare = $Config{osname} eq 'NetWare';
72 my $Is_BeOS = $^O =~ /beos/i; # XXX should this be that loose?
74 require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
77 require ExtUtils::MM_VMS;
78 require VMS::Filespec; # is a noop as long as we require it within MM_VMS
81 require ExtUtils::MM_OS2;
84 require ExtUtils::MM_MacOS;
87 require ExtUtils::MM_NW5;
91 require ExtUtils::MM_Win32;
94 require ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin;
97 require ExtUtils::MM_BeOS;
102 # The use of the Version_check target has been dropped between perl
103 # 5.5.63 and 5.5.64. We must keep the subroutine for a while so that
104 # old Makefiles can satisfy the Version_check target.
107 my($checkversion) = @_;
108 die "Your Makefile was built with ExtUtils::MakeMaker v $checkversion.
109 Current Version is $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::VERSION. There have been considerable
110 changes in the meantime.
111 Please rerun 'perl Makefile.PL' to regenerate the Makefile.\n"
112 if $checkversion < $Version_OK;
113 printf STDOUT "%s %s %s %s.\n", "Makefile built with ExtUtils::MakeMaker v",
114 $checkversion, "Current Version is", $VERSION
115 unless $checkversion == $VERSION;
119 $_[0] =~ /^Use of uninitialized value/ && return;
120 $_[0] =~ /used only once/ && return;
121 $_[0] =~ /^Subroutine\s+[\w:]+\s+redefined/ && return;
126 Carp::croak "WriteMakefile: Need even number of args" if @_ % 2;
127 local $SIG{__WARN__} = \&warnhandler;
130 MM->new(\%att)->flush;
135 $ISA_TTY = -t STDIN && (-t STDOUT || !(-f STDOUT || -c STDOUT)) ; # Pipe?
136 Carp::confess("prompt function called without an argument") unless defined $mess;
137 my $dispdef = defined $def ? "[$def] " : " ";
138 $def = defined $def ? $def : "";
141 print "$mess $dispdef";
142 if ($ISA_TTY && !$ENV{PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT}) {
143 chomp($ans = <STDIN>);
147 return ($ans ne '') ? $ans : $def;
150 sub eval_in_subdirs {
152 use Cwd qw(cwd abs_path);
154 local @INC = map eval {abs_path($_) if -e} || $_, @INC;
156 foreach my $dir (@{$self->{DIR}}){
157 my($abs) = $self->catdir($pwd,$dir);
158 $self->eval_in_x($abs);
166 chdir $dir or Carp::carp("Couldn't change to directory $dir: $!");
168 eval { do './Makefile.PL' };
170 # if ($@ =~ /prerequisites/) {
171 # die "MakeMaker WARNING: $@";
173 # warn "WARNING from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
175 warn "WARNING from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
182 # package name for the classes into which the first object will be blessed
183 $PACKNAME = "PACK000";
185 my @attrib_help = qw/
187 AUTHOR ABSTRACT ABSTRACT_FROM BINARY_LOCATION
188 C CAPI CCFLAGS CONFIG CONFIGURE DEFINE DIR DISTNAME DL_FUNCS DL_VARS
189 EXCLUDE_EXT EXE_FILES FIRST_MAKEFILE FULLPERL FUNCLIST H
190 HTMLLIBPODS HTMLSCRIPTPODS IMPORTS
191 INC INCLUDE_EXT INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALLBIN INSTALLDIRS INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR
192 INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR INSTALLMAN1DIR
193 INSTALLMAN3DIR INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALLSCRIPT INSTALLSITEARCH
194 INSTALLSITELIB INST_ARCHLIB INST_BIN INST_EXE INST_LIB
195 INST_HTMLLIBDIR INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR
196 INST_MAN1DIR INST_MAN3DIR INST_SCRIPT LDFROM LIB LIBPERL_A LIBS
197 LINKTYPE MAKEAPERL MAKEFILE MAN1PODS MAN3PODS MAP_TARGET MYEXTLIB
199 NAME NEEDS_LINKING NOECHO NORECURS NO_VC OBJECT OPTIMIZE PERL PERLMAINCC
200 PERLRUN PERLRUNINST PERL_ARCHLIB PERL_CORE
201 PERL_LIB PERL_SRC PERM_RW PERM_RWX
202 PL_FILES PM PM_FILTER PMLIBDIRS POLLUTE PPM_INSTALL_EXEC
203 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT PREFIX
204 PREREQ_FATAL PREREQ_PM PREREQ_PRINT PRINT_PREREQ
205 SKIP TEST_LIBS TYPEMAPS VERSION VERSION_FROM XS XSOPT XSPROTOARG
206 XS_VERSION clean depend dist dynamic_lib linkext macro realclean
208 MACPERL_SRC MACPERL_LIB MACLIBS_68K MACLIBS_PPC MACLIBS_SC MACLIBS_MRC
209 MACLIBS_ALL_68K MACLIBS_ALL_PPC MACLIBS_SHARED
212 # IMPORTS is used under OS/2 and Win32
214 # @Overridable is close to @MM_Sections but not identical. The
215 # order is important. Many subroutines declare macros. These
216 # depend on each other. Let's try to collect the macros up front,
217 # then pasthru, then the rules.
219 # MM_Sections are the sections we have to call explicitly
220 # in Overridable we have subroutines that are used indirectly
226 post_initialize const_config constants tool_autosplit tool_xsubpp
227 tools_other dist macro depend cflags const_loadlibs const_cccmd
232 c_o xs_c xs_o top_targets linkext dlsyms dynamic dynamic_bs
233 dynamic_lib static static_lib htmlifypods manifypods processPL
235 clean realclean dist_basics dist_core dist_dir dist_test dist_ci
236 install force perldepend makefile staticmake test ppd
238 ); # loses section ordering
240 @Overridable = @MM_Sections;
241 push @Overridable, qw[
243 dir_target libscan makeaperl needs_linking perm_rw perm_rwx
244 subdir_x test_via_harness test_via_script
247 push @MM_Sections, qw[
249 pm_to_blib selfdocument
253 # Postamble needs to be the last that was always the case
254 push @MM_Sections, "postamble";
255 push @Overridable, "postamble";
257 # All sections are valid keys.
258 @Recognized_Att_Keys{@MM_Sections} = (1) x @MM_Sections;
260 # we will use all these variables in the Makefile
263 ar cc cccdlflags ccdlflags dlext dlsrc ld lddlflags ldflags libc
264 lib_ext obj_ext osname osvers ranlib sitelibexp sitearchexp so
268 foreach my $item (@attrib_help){
269 $Recognized_Att_Keys{$item} = 1;
271 foreach my $item (@Get_from_Config) {
272 $Recognized_Att_Keys{uc $item} = $Config{$item};
273 print "Attribute '\U$item\E' => '$Config{$item}'\n"
278 # When we eval a Makefile.PL in a subdirectory, that one will ask
279 # us (the parent) for the values and will prepend "..", so that
280 # all files to be installed end up below OUR ./blib
285 INST_BIN 1 INST_EXE 1 INST_LIB 1 INST_ARCHLIB 1 INST_SCRIPT 1
286 MAP_TARGET 1 INST_HTMLLIBDIR 1 INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR 1
287 INST_MAN1DIR 1 INST_MAN3DIR 1 PERL_SRC 1 PERL 1 FULLPERL 1
292 NEEDS_LINKING HAS_LINK_CODE
294 @Keep_after_flush{@keep} = (1) x @keep;
300 The extension you are trying to build apparently is rather old and
301 most probably outdated. We detect that from the fact, that a
302 subroutine "writeMakefile" is called, and this subroutine is not
303 supported anymore since about October 1994.
305 Please contact the author or look into CPAN (details about CPAN can be
306 found in the FAQ and at http:/www.perl.com) for a more recent version
307 of the extension. If you're really desperate, you can try to change
308 the subroutine name from writeMakefile to WriteMakefile and rerun
309 'perl Makefile.PL', but you're most probably left alone, when you do
317 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::new {
318 my($class,$self) = @_;
321 if ("@ARGV" =~ /\bPREREQ_PRINT\b/) {
322 require Data::Dumper;
323 print Data::Dumper->Dump([$self->{PREREQ_PM}], [qw(PREREQ_PM)]);
326 # PRINT_PREREQ is RedHatism.
327 if ("@ARGV" =~ /\bPRINT_PREREQ\b/) {
328 print join(" ", map { "perl($_)>=$self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$_} " } sort keys %{$self->{PREREQ_PM}}), "\n";
332 print STDOUT "MakeMaker (v$VERSION)\n" if $Verbose;
333 if (-f "MANIFEST" && ! -f "Makefile"){
337 $self = {} unless (defined $self);
341 my %configure_att; # record &{$self->{CONFIGURE}} attributes
342 my(%initial_att) = %$self; # record initial attributes
344 my(%unsatisfied) = ();
345 foreach my $prereq (sort keys %{$self->{PREREQ_PM}}) {
346 eval "require $prereq";
349 warn "Warning: prerequisite $prereq $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} not found.\n" unless $self->{PREREQ_FATAL};
350 $unsatisfied{$prereq} = 'not installed';
351 } elsif ($prereq->VERSION < $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} ){
352 warn "Warning: prerequisite $prereq $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} not found. We have"
353 . ($prereq->VERSION || 'unknown version') unless $self->{PREREQ_FATAL};
354 $unsatisfied{$prereq} = $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} ? $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} : 'unknown version' ;
357 if (%unsatisfied && $self->{PREREQ_FATAL}){
358 # unless (defined $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::useCPAN) {
359 my $failedprereqs = join ', ', map {"$_ $unsatisfied{$_}"} keys %unsatisfied;
360 die qq{MakeMaker FATAL: prerequisites not found ($failedprereqs)
361 Please install these modules first and rerun 'perl Makefile.PL'.\n};
362 # if ($ExtUtils::MakeMaker::hasCPAN) {
363 # $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::useCPAN = prompt(qq{Should I try to use the CPAN module to fetch them for you?},"yes");
365 # print qq{Hint: You may want to install the CPAN module to autofetch the needed modules\n};
366 # $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::useCPAN=0;
369 # if ($ExtUtils::MakeMaker::useCPAN) {
371 # CPAN->import(@unsatisfied);
373 # die qq{prerequisites not found (@unsatisfied)};
375 # warn qq{WARNING: prerequisites not found (@unsatisfied)};
378 if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
379 if (ref $self->{CONFIGURE} eq 'CODE') {
380 %configure_att = %{&{$self->{CONFIGURE}}};
381 $self = { %$self, %configure_att };
383 Carp::croak "Attribute 'CONFIGURE' to WriteMakefile() not a code reference\n";
387 # This is for old Makefiles written pre 5.00, will go away
388 if ( Carp::longmess("") =~ /runsubdirpl/s ){
389 Carp::carp("WARNING: Please rerun 'perl Makefile.PL' to regenerate your Makefiles\n");
392 my $newclass = ++$PACKNAME;
393 local @Parent = @Parent; # Protect against non-local exits
396 print "Blessing Object into class [$newclass]\n" if $Verbose>=2;
397 mv_all_methods("MY",$newclass);
398 bless $self, $newclass;
400 @{"$newclass\:\:ISA"} = 'MM';
403 if (defined $Parent[-2]){
404 $self->{PARENT} = $Parent[-2];
406 for $key (keys %Prepend_dot_dot) {
407 next unless defined $self->{PARENT}{$key};
408 $self->{$key} = $self->{PARENT}{$key};
409 # PERL and FULLPERL may be command verbs instead of full
410 # file specifications under VMS. If so, don't turn them
412 $self->{$key} = $self->catdir("..",$self->{$key})
413 unless $self->file_name_is_absolute($self->{$key})
414 || ($^O eq 'VMS' and ($key =~ /PERL$/ && $self->{$key} =~ /^[\w\-\$]+$/));
416 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
417 $self->{PARENT}->{CHILDREN}->{$newclass} = $self;
418 foreach my $opt (qw(POLLUTE PERL_CORE)) {
419 if (exists $self->{PARENT}->{$opt}
420 and not exists $self->{$opt})
422 # inherit, but only if already unspecified
423 $self->{$opt} = $self->{PARENT}->{$opt};
427 my @fm = grep /^FIRST_MAKEFILE=/, @ARGV;
428 parse_args($self,@fm) if @fm;
430 parse_args($self,split(' ', $ENV{PERL_MM_OPT} || ''),@ARGV);
433 $self->{NAME} ||= $self->guess_name;
435 ($self->{NAME_SYM} = $self->{NAME}) =~ s/\W+/_/g;
439 if (! $self->{PERL_SRC} ) {
440 my($pthinks) = $self->canonpath($INC{'Config.pm'});
441 my($cthinks) = $self->catfile($Config{'archlibexp'},'Config.pm');
442 $pthinks = VMS::Filespec::vmsify($pthinks) if $Is_VMS;
443 if ($pthinks ne $cthinks &&
444 !($Is_Win32 and lc($pthinks) eq lc($cthinks))) {
445 print "Have $pthinks expected $cthinks\n";
447 $pthinks =~ s![/\\]Config\.pm$!!i; $pthinks =~ s!.*[/\\]!!;
450 $pthinks =~ s!/Config\.pm$!!; $pthinks =~ s!.*/!!;
452 print STDOUT <<END unless $self->{UNINSTALLED_PERL};
453 Your perl and your Config.pm seem to have different ideas about the architecture
455 Perl thinks: [$pthinks]
456 Config says: [$Config{archname}]
457 This may or may not cause problems. Please check your installation of perl if you
458 have problems building this extension.
463 $self->init_dirscan();
464 $self->init_others();
465 my($argv) = neatvalue(\@ARGV);
469 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
470 # This Makefile is for the $self->{NAME} extension to perl.
472 # It was generated automatically by MakeMaker version
473 # $VERSION (Revision: $Revision) from the contents of
474 # Makefile.PL. Don't edit this file, edit Makefile.PL instead.
476 # ANY CHANGES MADE HERE WILL BE LOST!
478 # MakeMaker ARGV: $argv
480 # MakeMaker Parameters:
483 foreach my $key (sort keys %initial_att){
484 my($v) = neatvalue($initial_att{$key});
485 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
487 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# $key => $v";
489 undef %initial_att; # free memory
491 if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
492 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
494 # MakeMaker 'CONFIGURE' Parameters:
496 if (scalar(keys %configure_att) > 0) {
497 foreach my $key (sort keys %configure_att){
498 my($v) = neatvalue($configure_att{$key});
499 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
501 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# $key => $v";
506 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# no values returned";
508 undef %configure_att; # free memory
511 # turn the SKIP array into a SKIPHASH hash
513 for $skip (@{$self->{SKIP} || []}) {
514 $self->{SKIPHASH}{$skip} = 1;
516 delete $self->{SKIP}; # free memory
518 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
519 for (qw/install dist dist_basics dist_core dist_dir dist_test dist_ci/) {
520 $self->{SKIPHASH}{$_} = 1;
524 # We run all the subdirectories now. They don't have much to query
525 # from the parent, but the parent has to query them: if they need linking!
526 unless ($self->{NORECURS}) {
527 $self->eval_in_subdirs if @{$self->{DIR}};
530 foreach my $section ( @MM_Sections ){
531 print "Processing Makefile '$section' section\n" if ($Verbose >= 2);
532 my($skipit) = $self->skipcheck($section);
534 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section $skipit.";
536 my(%a) = %{$self->{$section} || {}};
537 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section:";
538 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# " . join ", ", %a if $Verbose && %a;
539 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, $self->nicetext($self->$section( %a ));
543 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# End.";
548 sub WriteEmptyMakefile {
549 Carp::croak "WriteEmptyMakefile: Need even number of args" if @_ % 2;
550 local $SIG{__WARN__} = \&warnhandler;
553 my $self = MM->new(\%att);
554 if (-f "$self->{MAKEFILE}.old") {
555 chmod 0666, "$self->{MAKEFILE}.old";
556 unlink "$self->{MAKEFILE}.old" or warn "unlink $self->{MAKEFILE}.old: $!";
558 rename $self->{MAKEFILE}, "$self->{MAKEFILE}.old"
559 or warn "rename $self->{MAKEFILE} $self->{MAKEFILE}.old: $!"
560 if -f $self->{MAKEFILE};
561 open MF, '>', $self->{MAKEFILE} or die "open $self->{MAKEFILE} for write: $!";
574 close MF or die "close $self->{MAKEFILE} for write: $!";
578 print STDOUT "Checking if your kit is complete...\n";
579 require ExtUtils::Manifest;
581 $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet = $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet = 1;
582 my(@missed) = ExtUtils::Manifest::manicheck();
584 print STDOUT "Warning: the following files are missing in your kit:\n";
585 print "\t", join "\n\t", @missed;
587 print STDOUT "Please inform the author.\n";
589 print STDOUT "Looks good\n";
594 my($self, @args) = @_;
596 unless (m/(.*?)=(.*)/) {
597 help(),exit 1 if m/^help$/;
598 ++$Verbose if m/^verb/;
601 my($name, $value) = ($1, $2);
602 if ($value =~ m/^~(\w+)?/) { # tilde with optional username
603 $value =~ s [^~(\w*)]
605 ((getpwnam($1))[7] || "~$1") :
609 $self->{uc($name)} = $value;
612 # catch old-style 'potential_libs' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
613 if (defined $self->{potential_libs}){
614 my($msg)="'potential_libs' => '$self->{potential_libs}' should be";
615 if ($self->{potential_libs}){
616 print STDOUT "$msg changed to:\n\t'LIBS' => ['$self->{potential_libs}']\n";
618 print STDOUT "$msg deleted.\n";
620 $self->{LIBS} = [$self->{potential_libs}];
621 delete $self->{potential_libs};
623 # catch old-style 'ARMAYBE' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
624 if (defined $self->{ARMAYBE}){
625 my($armaybe) = $self->{ARMAYBE};
626 print STDOUT "ARMAYBE => '$armaybe' should be changed to:\n",
627 "\t'dynamic_lib' => {ARMAYBE => '$armaybe'}\n";
628 my(%dl) = %{$self->{dynamic_lib} || {}};
629 $self->{dynamic_lib} = { %dl, ARMAYBE => $armaybe};
630 delete $self->{ARMAYBE};
632 if (defined $self->{LDTARGET}){
633 print STDOUT "LDTARGET should be changed to LDFROM\n";
634 $self->{LDFROM} = $self->{LDTARGET};
635 delete $self->{LDTARGET};
637 # Turn a DIR argument on the command line into an array
638 if (defined $self->{DIR} && ref \$self->{DIR} eq 'SCALAR') {
639 # So they can choose from the command line, which extensions they want
640 # the grep enables them to have some colons too much in case they
641 # have to build a list with the shell
642 $self->{DIR} = [grep $_, split ":", $self->{DIR}];
644 # Turn a INCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
645 if (defined $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{INCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
646 $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{INCLUDE_EXT}];
648 # Turn a EXCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
649 if (defined $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
650 $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT}];
653 foreach my $mmkey (sort keys %$self){
654 print STDOUT " $mmkey => ", neatvalue($self->{$mmkey}), "\n" if $Verbose;
655 print STDOUT "'$mmkey' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name.\n"
656 unless exists $Recognized_Att_Keys{$mmkey};
663 # We allow extension-specific hints files.
665 return unless -d "hints";
667 # First we look for the best hintsfile we have
668 my($hint)="${^O}_$Config{osvers}";
673 # Also try without trailing minor version numbers.
675 last if -f "hints/$hint.pl"; # found
677 last unless $hint =~ s/_[^_]*$//; # nothing to cut off
679 return unless -f "hints/$hint.pl"; # really there
681 # execute the hintsfile:
682 print STDOUT "Processing hints file hints/$hint.pl\n";
683 eval { do "hints/$hint.pl" };
684 print STDOUT $@ if $@;
690 my($symtab) = \%{"${from}::"};
692 # Here you see the *current* list of methods that are overridable
693 # from Makefile.PL via MY:: subroutines. As of VERSION 5.07 I'm
694 # still trying to reduce the list to some reasonable minimum --
695 # because I want to make it easier for the user. A.K.
697 foreach my $method (@Overridable) {
699 # We cannot say "next" here. Nick might call MY->makeaperl
700 # which isn't defined right now
702 # Above statement was written at 4.23 time when Tk-b8 was
703 # around. As Tk-b9 only builds with 5.002something and MM 5 is
704 # standard, we try to enable the next line again. It was
705 # commented out until MM 5.23
707 next unless defined &{"${from}::$method"};
709 *{"${to}::$method"} = \&{"${from}::$method"};
711 # delete would do, if we were sure, nobody ever called
712 # MY->makeaperl directly
714 # delete $symtab->{$method};
716 # If we delete a method, then it will be undefined and cannot
717 # be called. But as long as we have Makefile.PLs that rely on
718 # %MY:: being intact, we have to fill the hole with an
721 eval "package MY; sub $method { shift->SUPER::$method(\@_); }";
724 # We have to clean out %INC also, because the current directory is
725 # changed frequently and Graham Barr prefers to get his version
726 # out of a History.pl file which is "required" so woudn't get
727 # loaded again in another extension requiring a History.pl
729 # With perl5.002_01 the deletion of entries in %INC caused Tk-b11
730 # to core dump in the middle of a require statement. The required
731 # file was Tk/MMutil.pm. The consequence is, we have to be
732 # extremely careful when we try to give perl a reason to reload a
733 # library with same name. The workaround prefers to drop nothing
734 # from %INC and teach the writers not to use such libraries.
737 # foreach $inc (keys %INC) {
738 # #warn "***$inc*** deleted";
746 if ($section eq 'dynamic') {
747 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
748 "in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
749 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
750 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
751 "in skipped section 'dynamic_lib'\n"
752 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_lib} && $Verbose;
754 if ($section eq 'dynamic_lib') {
755 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target '\$(INST_DYNAMIC)' depends on ",
756 "targets in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
757 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
759 if ($section eq 'static') {
760 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'static' depends on targets ",
761 "in skipped section 'static_lib'\n"
762 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{static_lib} && $Verbose;
764 return 'skipped' if $self->{SKIPHASH}{$section};
772 # my $fh = new FileHandle;
774 print STDOUT "Writing $self->{MAKEFILE} for $self->{NAME}\n";
776 unlink($self->{MAKEFILE}, "MakeMaker.tmp", $Is_VMS ? 'Descrip.MMS' : '');
777 # $fh->open(">MakeMaker.tmp") or die "Unable to open MakeMaker.tmp: $!";
778 open(FH,">MakeMaker.tmp") or die "Unable to open MakeMaker.tmp: $!";
780 for $chunk (@{$self->{RESULT}}) {
781 # print $fh "$chunk\n";
787 my($finalname) = $self->{MAKEFILE};
788 rename("MakeMaker.tmp", $finalname);
789 chmod 0644, $finalname unless $Is_VMS;
791 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
792 foreach (keys %$self) { # safe memory
793 delete $self->{$_} unless $Keep_after_flush{$_};
797 system("$Config::Config{eunicefix} $finalname") unless $Config::Config{eunicefix} eq ":";
800 # The following mkbootstrap() is only for installations that are calling
801 # the pre-4.1 mkbootstrap() from their old Makefiles. This MakeMaker
802 # writes Makefiles, that use ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap directly.
805 !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
806 !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker. !!!
807 !!! Please rebuild your Makefile !!!
811 # Ditto for mksymlists() as of MakeMaker 5.17
814 !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
815 !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker. !!!
816 !!! Please rebuild your Makefile !!!
822 return "undef" unless defined $v;
824 return "q[$v]" unless $t;
828 foreach my $elem (@$v) {
829 push @neat, "q[$elem]";
831 push @m, join ", ", @neat;
835 return "$v" unless $t eq 'HASH';
837 while (($key,$val) = each %$v){
838 last unless defined $key; # cautious programming in case (undef,undef) is true
839 push(@m,"$key=>".neatvalue($val)) ;
841 return "{ ".join(', ',@m)." }";
848 push @m, "\n# Full list of MakeMaker attribute values:";
849 foreach my $key (sort keys %$self){
850 next if $key eq 'RESULT' || $key =~ /^[A-Z][a-z]/;
851 my($v) = neatvalue($self->{$key});
852 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
854 push @m, "# $key => $v";
860 package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
867 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
871 C<use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;>
873 C<WriteMakefile( ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...] );>
877 C<MM-E<gt>new(\%att)-E<gt>flush;>
881 This utility is designed to write a Makefile for an extension module
882 from a Makefile.PL. It is based on the Makefile.SH model provided by
883 Andy Dougherty and the perl5-porters.
885 It splits the task of generating the Makefile into several subroutines
886 that can be individually overridden. Each subroutine returns the text
887 it wishes to have written to the Makefile.
889 MakeMaker is object oriented. Each directory below the current
890 directory that contains a Makefile.PL. Is treated as a separate
891 object. This makes it possible to write an unlimited number of
892 Makefiles with a single invocation of WriteMakefile().
894 =head2 How To Write A Makefile.PL
896 The short answer is: Don't.
898 Always begin with h2xs.
899 Always begin with h2xs!
900 ALWAYS BEGIN WITH H2XS!
902 even if you're not building around a header file, and even if you
903 don't have an XS component.
905 Run h2xs(1) before you start thinking about writing a module. For so
906 called pm-only modules that consist of C<*.pm> files only, h2xs has
907 the C<-X> switch. This will generate dummy files of all kinds that are
908 useful for the module developer.
910 The medium answer is:
912 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
913 WriteMakefile( NAME => "Foo::Bar" );
915 The long answer is the rest of the manpage :-)
917 =head2 Default Makefile Behaviour
919 The generated Makefile enables the user of the extension to invoke
921 perl Makefile.PL # optionally "perl Makefile.PL verbose"
923 make test # optionally set TEST_VERBOSE=1
924 make install # See below
926 The Makefile to be produced may be altered by adding arguments of the
927 form C<KEY=VALUE>. E.g.
929 perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/tmp/myperl5
931 Other interesting targets in the generated Makefile are
933 make config # to check if the Makefile is up-to-date
934 make clean # delete local temp files (Makefile gets renamed)
935 make realclean # delete derived files (including ./blib)
936 make ci # check in all the files in the MANIFEST file
937 make dist # see below the Distribution Support section
941 MakeMaker checks for the existence of a file named F<test.pl> in the
942 current directory and if it exists it adds commands to the test target
943 of the generated Makefile that will execute the script with the proper
944 set of perl C<-I> options.
946 MakeMaker also checks for any files matching glob("t/*.t"). It will
947 add commands to the test target of the generated Makefile that execute
948 all matching files via the L<Test::Harness> module with the C<-I>
949 switches set correctly.
953 A useful variation of the above is the target C<testdb>. It runs the
954 test under the Perl debugger (see L<perldebug>). If the file
955 F<test.pl> exists in the current directory, it is used for the test.
957 If you want to debug some other testfile, set C<TEST_FILE> variable
960 make testdb TEST_FILE=t/mytest.t
962 By default the debugger is called using C<-d> option to perl. If you
963 want to specify some other option, set C<TESTDB_SW> variable:
965 make testdb TESTDB_SW=-Dx
969 make alone puts all relevant files into directories that are named by
970 the macros INST_LIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_SCRIPT, INST_HTMLLIBDIR,
971 INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_MAN1DIR, and INST_MAN3DIR. All these default
972 to something below ./blib if you are I<not> building below the perl
973 source directory. If you I<are> building below the perl source,
974 INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB default to ../../lib, and INST_SCRIPT is not
977 The I<install> target of the generated Makefile copies the files found
978 below each of the INST_* directories to their INSTALL*
979 counterparts. Which counterparts are chosen depends on the setting of
980 INSTALLDIRS according to the following table:
985 INST_ARCHLIB INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALLSITEARCH
986 INST_LIB INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALLSITELIB
987 INST_HTMLLIBDIR INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR
988 INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR
990 INST_SCRIPT INSTALLSCRIPT
991 INST_MAN1DIR INSTALLMAN1DIR
992 INST_MAN3DIR INSTALLMAN3DIR
994 The INSTALL... macros in turn default to their %Config
995 ($Config{installprivlib}, $Config{installarchlib}, etc.) counterparts.
997 You can check the values of these variables on your system with
1001 And to check the sequence in which the library directories are
1002 searched by perl, run
1004 perl -le 'print join $/, @INC'
1007 =head2 PREFIX and LIB attribute
1009 PREFIX and LIB can be used to set several INSTALL* attributes in one
1010 go. The quickest way to install a module in a non-standard place might
1013 perl Makefile.PL LIB=~/lib
1015 This will install the module's architecture-independent files into
1016 ~/lib, the architecture-dependent files into ~/lib/$archname.
1018 Another way to specify many INSTALL directories with a single
1019 parameter is PREFIX.
1021 perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=~
1023 This will replace the string specified by C<$Config{prefix}> in all
1024 C<$Config{install*}> values.
1026 Note, that in both cases the tilde expansion is done by MakeMaker, not
1027 by perl by default, nor by make.
1029 Conflicts between parameters LIB,
1030 PREFIX and the various INSTALL* arguments are resolved so that:
1036 setting LIB overrides any setting of INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB,
1037 INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH (and they are not affected by PREFIX);
1041 without LIB, setting PREFIX replaces the initial C<$Config{prefix}>
1042 part of those INSTALL* arguments, even if the latter are explicitly
1043 set (but are set to still start with C<$Config{prefix}>).
1047 If the user has superuser privileges, and is not working on AFS
1048 or relatives, then the defaults for
1049 INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, etc. will be appropriate,
1050 and this incantation will be the best:
1052 perl Makefile.PL; make; make test
1055 make install per default writes some documentation of what has been
1056 done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This feature
1057 can be bypassed by calling make pure_install.
1061 will have to specify the installation directories as these most
1062 probably have changed since perl itself has been installed. They will
1063 have to do this by calling
1065 perl Makefile.PL INSTALLSITELIB=/afs/here/today \
1066 INSTALLSCRIPT=/afs/there/now INSTALLMAN3DIR=/afs/for/manpages
1069 Be careful to repeat this procedure every time you recompile an
1070 extension, unless you are sure the AFS installation directories are
1073 =head2 Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
1075 An extension that is built with the above steps is ready to use on
1076 systems supporting dynamic loading. On systems that do not support
1077 dynamic loading, any newly created extension has to be linked together
1078 with the available resources. MakeMaker supports the linking process
1079 by creating appropriate targets in the Makefile whenever an extension
1080 is built. You can invoke the corresponding section of the makefile with
1084 That produces a new perl binary in the current directory with all
1085 extensions linked in that can be found in INST_ARCHLIB, SITELIBEXP,
1086 and PERL_ARCHLIB. To do that, MakeMaker writes a new Makefile, on
1087 UNIX, this is called Makefile.aperl (may be system dependent). If you
1088 want to force the creation of a new perl, it is recommended, that you
1089 delete this Makefile.aperl, so the directories are searched-through
1090 for linkable libraries again.
1092 The binary can be installed into the directory where perl normally
1093 resides on your machine with
1097 To produce a perl binary with a different name than C<perl>, either say
1099 perl Makefile.PL MAP_TARGET=myperl
1106 make myperl MAP_TARGET=myperl
1107 make inst_perl MAP_TARGET=myperl
1109 In any case you will be prompted with the correct invocation of the
1110 C<inst_perl> target that installs the new binary into INSTALLBIN.
1112 make inst_perl per default writes some documentation of what has been
1113 done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This
1114 can be bypassed by calling make pure_inst_perl.
1116 Warning: the inst_perl: target will most probably overwrite your
1117 existing perl binary. Use with care!
1119 Sometimes you might want to build a statically linked perl although
1120 your system supports dynamic loading. In this case you may explicitly
1121 set the linktype with the invocation of the Makefile.PL or make:
1123 perl Makefile.PL LINKTYPE=static # recommended
1127 make LINKTYPE=static # works on most systems
1129 =head2 Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
1131 MakeMaker needs to know, or to guess, where certain things are
1132 located. Especially INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB (where to put the files
1133 during the make(1) run), PERL_LIB and PERL_ARCHLIB (where to read
1134 existing modules from), and PERL_INC (header files and C<libperl*.*>).
1136 Extensions may be built either using the contents of the perl source
1137 directory tree or from the installed perl library. The recommended way
1138 is to build extensions after you have run 'make install' on perl
1139 itself. You can do that in any directory on your hard disk that is not
1140 below the perl source tree. The support for extensions below the ext
1141 directory of the perl distribution is only good for the standard
1142 extensions that come with perl.
1144 If an extension is being built below the C<ext/> directory of the perl
1145 source then MakeMaker will set PERL_SRC automatically (e.g.,
1146 C<../..>). If PERL_SRC is defined and the extension is recognized as
1147 a standard extension, then other variables default to the following:
1150 PERL_LIB = PERL_SRC/lib
1151 PERL_ARCHLIB = PERL_SRC/lib
1153 INST_ARCHLIB = PERL_ARCHLIB
1155 If an extension is being built away from the perl source then MakeMaker
1156 will leave PERL_SRC undefined and default to using the installed copy
1157 of the perl library. The other variables default to the following:
1159 PERL_INC = $archlibexp/CORE
1160 PERL_LIB = $privlibexp
1161 PERL_ARCHLIB = $archlibexp
1162 INST_LIB = ./blib/lib
1163 INST_ARCHLIB = ./blib/arch
1165 If perl has not yet been installed then PERL_SRC can be defined on the
1166 command line as shown in the previous section.
1169 =head2 Which architecture dependent directory?
1171 If you don't want to keep the defaults for the INSTALL* macros,
1172 MakeMaker helps you to minimize the typing needed: the usual
1173 relationship between INSTALLPRIVLIB and INSTALLARCHLIB is determined
1174 by Configure at perl compilation time. MakeMaker supports the user who
1175 sets INSTALLPRIVLIB. If INSTALLPRIVLIB is set, but INSTALLARCHLIB not,
1176 then MakeMaker defaults the latter to be the same subdirectory of
1177 INSTALLPRIVLIB as Configure decided for the counterparts in %Config ,
1178 otherwise it defaults to INSTALLPRIVLIB. The same relationship holds
1179 for INSTALLSITELIB and INSTALLSITEARCH.
1181 MakeMaker gives you much more freedom than needed to configure
1182 internal variables and get different results. It is worth to mention,
1183 that make(1) also lets you configure most of the variables that are
1184 used in the Makefile. But in the majority of situations this will not
1185 be necessary, and should only be done if the author of a package
1186 recommends it (or you know what you're doing).
1188 =head2 Using Attributes and Parameters
1190 The following attributes can be specified as arguments to WriteMakefile()
1191 or as NAME=VALUE pairs on the command line:
1197 One line description of the module. Will be included in PPD file.
1201 Name of the file that contains the package description. MakeMaker looks
1202 for a line in the POD matching /^($package\s-\s)(.*)/. This is typically
1203 the first line in the "=head1 NAME" section. $2 becomes the abstract.
1207 String containing name (and email address) of package author(s). Is used
1208 in PPD (Perl Package Description) files for PPM (Perl Package Manager).
1210 =item BINARY_LOCATION
1212 Used when creating PPD files for binary packages. It can be set to a
1213 full or relative path or URL to the binary archive for a particular
1214 architecture. For example:
1216 perl Makefile.PL BINARY_LOCATION=x86/Agent.tar.gz
1218 builds a PPD package that references a binary of the C<Agent> package,
1219 located in the C<x86> directory relative to the PPD itself.
1223 Ref to array of *.c file names. Initialised from a directory scan
1224 and the values portion of the XS attribute hash. This is not
1225 currently used by MakeMaker but may be handy in Makefile.PLs.
1229 String that will be included in the compiler call command line between
1230 the arguments INC and OPTIMIZE.
1234 Arrayref. E.g. [qw(archname manext)] defines ARCHNAME & MANEXT from
1235 config.sh. MakeMaker will add to CONFIG the following values anyway:
1255 CODE reference. The subroutine should return a hash reference. The
1256 hash may contain further attributes, e.g. {LIBS =E<gt> ...}, that have to
1257 be determined by some evaluation method.
1261 Something like C<"-DHAVE_UNISTD_H">
1265 Ref to array of subdirectories containing Makefile.PLs e.g. [ 'sdbm'
1270 Your name for distributing the package (by tar file). This defaults to
1275 Hashref of symbol names for routines to be made available as universal
1276 symbols. Each key/value pair consists of the package name and an
1277 array of routine names in that package. Used only under AIX, OS/2,
1278 VMS and Win32 at present. The routine names supplied will be expanded
1279 in the same way as XSUB names are expanded by the XS() macro.
1282 {"$(NAME)" => ["boot_$(NAME)" ] }
1286 {"RPC" => [qw( boot_rpcb rpcb_gettime getnetconfigent )],
1287 "NetconfigPtr" => [ 'DESTROY'] }
1289 Please see the L<ExtUtils::Mksymlists> documentation for more information
1290 about the DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS and FUNCLIST attributes.
1294 Array of symbol names for variables to be made available as universal symbols.
1295 Used only under AIX, OS/2, VMS and Win32 at present. Defaults to [].
1296 (e.g. [ qw(Foo_version Foo_numstreams Foo_tree ) ])
1300 Array of extension names to exclude when doing a static build. This
1301 is ignored if INCLUDE_EXT is present. Consult INCLUDE_EXT for more
1302 details. (e.g. [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ] )
1304 This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
1305 command line: perl Makefile.PL EXCLUDE_EXT='Socket Safe'
1309 Ref to array of executable files. The files will be copied to the
1310 INST_SCRIPT directory. Make realclean will delete them from there
1313 =item FIRST_MAKEFILE
1315 The name of the Makefile to be produced. Defaults to the contents of
1316 MAKEFILE, but can be overridden. This is used for the second Makefile
1317 that will be produced for the MAP_TARGET.
1321 Perl binary able to run this extension.
1325 This provides an alternate means to specify function names to be
1326 exported from the extension. Its value is a reference to an
1327 array of function names to be exported by the extension. These
1328 names are passed through unaltered to the linker options file.
1332 Ref to array of *.h file names. Similar to C.
1336 Hashref of .pm and .pod files. MakeMaker will default this to all
1337 .pod and any .pm files that include POD directives. The files listed
1338 here will be converted to HTML format and installed as was requested
1341 =item HTMLSCRIPTPODS
1343 Hashref of pod-containing files. MakeMaker will default this to all
1344 EXE_FILES files that include POD directives. The files listed
1345 here will be converted to HTML format and installed as was requested
1350 This attribute is used to specify names to be imported into the
1351 extension. It is only used on OS/2 and Win32.
1355 Include file dirs eg: C<"-I/usr/5include -I/path/to/inc">
1359 Array of extension names to be included when doing a static build.
1360 MakeMaker will normally build with all of the installed extensions when
1361 doing a static build, and that is usually the desired behavior. If
1362 INCLUDE_EXT is present then MakeMaker will build only with those extensions
1363 which are explicitly mentioned. (e.g. [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ])
1365 It is not necessary to mention DynaLoader or the current extension when
1366 filling in INCLUDE_EXT. If the INCLUDE_EXT is mentioned but is empty then
1367 only DynaLoader and the current extension will be included in the build.
1369 This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
1370 command line: perl Makefile.PL INCLUDE_EXT='POSIX Socket Devel::Peek'
1372 =item INSTALLARCHLIB
1374 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1375 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
1379 Directory to install binary files (e.g. tkperl) into.
1383 Determines which of the two sets of installation directories to
1384 choose: installprivlib and installarchlib versus installsitelib and
1385 installsitearch. The first pair is chosen with INSTALLDIRS=perl, the
1386 second with INSTALLDIRS=site. Default is site.
1388 =item INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR
1390 This directory gets the HTML pages at 'make install' time. Defaults to
1391 $Config{installhtmlprivlibdir}.
1393 =item INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR
1395 This directory gets the HTML pages at 'make install' time. Defaults to
1396 $Config{installhtmlscriptdir}.
1398 =item INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR
1400 This directory gets the HTML pages at 'make install' time. Defaults to
1401 $Config{installhtmlsitelibdir}.
1404 =item INSTALLMAN1DIR
1406 This directory gets the man pages at 'make install' time. Defaults to
1407 $Config{installman1dir}.
1409 =item INSTALLMAN3DIR
1411 This directory gets the man pages at 'make install' time. Defaults to
1412 $Config{installman3dir}.
1414 =item INSTALLPRIVLIB
1416 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1417 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
1421 Used by 'make install' which copies files from INST_SCRIPT to this
1424 =item INSTALLSITEARCH
1426 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1427 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1429 =item INSTALLSITELIB
1431 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1432 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1436 Same as INST_LIB for architecture dependent files.
1440 Directory to put real binary files during 'make'. These will be copied
1441 to INSTALLBIN during 'make install'
1445 Old name for INST_SCRIPT. Deprecated. Please use INST_SCRIPT if you
1448 =item INST_HTMLLIBDIR
1450 Directory to hold the man pages in HTML format at 'make' time
1452 =item INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR
1454 Directory to hold the man pages in HTML format at 'make' time
1458 Directory where we put library files of this extension while building
1463 Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
1467 Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
1471 Directory, where executable files should be installed during
1472 'make'. Defaults to "./blib/script", just to have a dummy location during
1473 testing. make install will copy the files in INST_SCRIPT to
1478 defaults to "$(OBJECT)" and is used in the ld command to specify
1479 what files to link/load from (also see dynamic_lib below for how to
1484 LIB should only be set at C<perl Makefile.PL> time but is allowed as a
1485 MakeMaker argument. It has the effect of
1486 setting both INSTALLPRIVLIB and INSTALLSITELIB to that value regardless any
1487 explicit setting of those arguments (or of PREFIX).
1488 INSTALLARCHLIB and INSTALLSITEARCH are set to the corresponding
1489 architecture subdirectory.
1493 The filename of the perllibrary that will be used together with this
1494 extension. Defaults to libperl.a.
1498 An anonymous array of alternative library
1499 specifications to be searched for (in order) until
1500 at least one library is found. E.g.
1502 'LIBS' => ["-lgdbm", "-ldbm -lfoo", "-L/path -ldbm.nfs"]
1504 Mind, that any element of the array
1505 contains a complete set of arguments for the ld
1506 command. So do not specify
1508 'LIBS' => ["-ltcl", "-ltk", "-lX11"]
1510 See ODBM_File/Makefile.PL for an example, where an array is needed. If
1511 you specify a scalar as in
1513 'LIBS' => "-ltcl -ltk -lX11"
1515 MakeMaker will turn it into an array with one element.
1519 'static' or 'dynamic' (default unless usedl=undef in
1520 config.sh). Should only be used to force static linking (also see
1525 Boolean which tells MakeMaker, that it should include the rules to
1526 make a perl. This is handled automatically as a switch by
1527 MakeMaker. The user normally does not need it.
1531 The name of the Makefile to be produced.
1535 Hashref of pod-containing files. MakeMaker will default this to all
1536 EXE_FILES files that include POD directives. The files listed
1537 here will be converted to man pages and installed as was requested
1542 Hashref that assigns to *.pm and *.pod files the files into which the
1543 manpages are to be written. MakeMaker parses all *.pod and *.pm files
1544 for POD directives. Files that contain POD will be the default keys of
1545 the MAN3PODS hashref. These will then be converted to man pages during
1546 C<make> and will be installed during C<make install>.
1550 If it is intended, that a new perl binary be produced, this variable
1551 may hold a name for that binary. Defaults to perl
1555 If the extension links to a library that it builds set this to the
1556 name of the library (see SDBM_File)
1560 Perl module name for this extension (DBD::Oracle). This will default
1561 to the directory name but should be explicitly defined in the
1566 MakeMaker will figure out if an extension contains linkable code
1567 anywhere down the directory tree, and will set this variable
1568 accordingly, but you can speed it up a very little bit if you define
1569 this boolean variable yourself.
1573 Defaults to C<@>. By setting it to an empty string you can generate a
1574 Makefile that echos all commands. Mainly used in debugging MakeMaker
1579 Boolean. Attribute to inhibit descending into subdirectories.
1583 In general, any generated Makefile checks for the current version of
1584 MakeMaker and the version the Makefile was built under. If NO_VC is
1585 set, the version check is neglected. Do not write this into your
1586 Makefile.PL, use it interactively instead.
1590 List of object files, defaults to '$(BASEEXT)$(OBJ_EXT)', but can be a long
1591 string containing all object files, e.g. "tkpBind.o
1592 tkpButton.o tkpCanvas.o"
1594 (Where BASEEXT is the last component of NAME, and OBJ_EXT is $Config{obj_ext}.)
1598 Defaults to C<-O>. Set it to C<-g> to turn debugging on. The flag is
1599 passed to subdirectory makes.
1603 Perl binary for tasks that can be done by miniperl
1607 Set only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1612 The call to the program that is able to compile perlmain.c. Defaults
1617 Same as for PERL_LIB, but for architecture dependent files.
1619 Used only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1620 distribution (because normally $(PERL_ARCHLIB) is automatically in @INC,
1621 and adding it would get in the way of PERL5LIB).
1625 Directory containing the Perl library to use.
1627 Used only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1628 distribution (because normally $(PERL_LIB) is automatically in @INC,
1629 and adding it would get in the way of PERL5LIB).
1631 =item PERL_MALLOC_OK
1633 defaults to 0. Should be set to TRUE if the extension can work with
1634 the memory allocation routines substituted by the Perl malloc() subsystem.
1635 This should be applicable to most extensions with exceptions of those
1641 with bugs in memory allocations which are caught by Perl's malloc();
1645 which interact with the memory allocator in other ways than via
1646 malloc(), realloc(), free(), calloc(), sbrk() and brk();
1650 which rely on special alignment which is not provided by Perl's malloc().
1654 B<NOTE.> Negligence to set this flag in I<any one> of loaded extension
1655 nullifies many advantages of Perl's malloc(), such as better usage of
1656 system resources, error detection, memory usage reporting, catchable failure
1657 of memory allocations, etc.
1661 Use this instead of $(PERL) or $(FULLPERL) when you wish to run perl.
1662 It will set up extra necessary flags for you.
1666 Use this instead of $(PERL) or $(FULLPERL) when you wish to run
1667 perl to work with modules. It will add things like -I$(INST_ARCH)
1668 and other necessary flags.
1672 Directory containing the Perl source code (use of this should be
1673 avoided, it may be undefined)
1677 Desired permission for read/writable files. Defaults to C<644>.
1678 See also L<MM_Unix/perm_rw>.
1682 Desired permission for executable files. Defaults to C<755>.
1683 See also L<MM_Unix/perm_rwx>.
1687 Ref to hash of files to be processed as perl programs. MakeMaker
1688 will default to any found *.PL file (except Makefile.PL) being keys
1689 and the basename of the file being the value. E.g.
1691 {'foobar.PL' => 'foobar'}
1693 The *.PL files are expected to produce output to the target files
1694 themselves. If multiple files can be generated from the same *.PL
1695 file then the value in the hash can be a reference to an array of
1696 target file names. E.g.
1698 {'foobar.PL' => ['foobar1','foobar2']}
1702 Hashref of .pm files and *.pl files to be installed. e.g.
1704 {'name_of_file.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/install_as.pm'}
1706 By default this will include *.pm and *.pl and the files found in
1707 the PMLIBDIRS directories. Defining PM in the
1708 Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
1712 Ref to array of subdirectories containing library files. Defaults to
1713 [ 'lib', $(BASEEXT) ]. The directories will be scanned and I<any> files
1714 they contain will be installed in the corresponding location in the
1715 library. A libscan() method can be used to alter the behaviour.
1716 Defining PM in the Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
1718 (Where BASEEXT is the last component of NAME.)
1722 A filter program, in the traditional Unix sense (input from stdin, output
1723 to stdout) that is passed on each .pm file during the build (in the
1724 pm_to_blib() phase). It is empty by default, meaning no filtering is done.
1726 Great care is necessary when defining the command if quoting needs to be
1727 done. For instance, you would need to say:
1729 {'PM_FILTER' => 'grep -v \\"^\\#\\"'}
1731 to remove all the leading coments on the fly during the build. The
1732 extra \\ are necessary, unfortunately, because this variable is interpolated
1733 within the context of a Perl program built on the command line, and double
1734 quotes are what is used with the -e switch to build that command line. The
1735 # is escaped for the Makefile, since what is going to be generated will then
1738 PM_FILTER = grep -v \"^\#\"
1740 Without the \\ before the #, we'd have the start of a Makefile comment,
1741 and the macro would be incorrectly defined.
1745 Release 5.005 grandfathered old global symbol names by providing preprocessor
1746 macros for extension source compatibility. As of release 5.6, these
1747 preprocessor definitions are not available by default. The POLLUTE flag
1748 specifies that the old names should still be defined:
1750 perl Makefile.PL POLLUTE=1
1752 Please inform the module author if this is necessary to successfully install
1753 a module under 5.6 or later.
1755 =item PPM_INSTALL_EXEC
1757 Name of the executable used to run C<PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT> below. (e.g. perl)
1759 =item PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT
1761 Name of the script that gets executed by the Perl Package Manager after
1762 the installation of a package.
1766 Can be used to set the three INSTALL* attributes in one go (except for
1767 probably INSTALLMAN1DIR, if it is not below PREFIX according to
1768 %Config). They will have PREFIX as a common directory node and will
1769 branch from that node into lib/, lib/ARCHNAME or whatever Configure
1770 decided at the build time of your perl (unless you override one of
1775 Hashref: Names of modules that need to be available to run this
1776 extension (e.g. Fcntl for SDBM_File) are the keys of the hash and the
1777 desired version is the value. If the required version number is 0, we
1778 only check if any version is installed already.
1782 Bool. If this parameter is true, failing to have the required modules
1783 (or the right versions thereof) will be fatal. perl Makefile.PL will die
1784 with the proper message.
1786 Note: see L<Test::Harness> for a shortcut for stopping tests early if
1787 you are missing dependencies.
1789 Do I<not> use this parameter for simple requirements, which could be resolved
1790 at a later time, e.g. after an unsuccessful B<make test> of your module.
1792 It is I<extremely> rare to have to use C<PREREQ_FATAL> at all!
1796 Bool. If this parameter is true, the prerequisites will be printed to
1797 stdout and MakeMaker will exit. The output format is
1807 RedHatism for C<PREREQ_PRINT>. The output format is different, though:
1809 perl(A::B)>=Vers1 perl(C::D)>=Vers2 ...
1813 Arrayref. E.g. [qw(name1 name2)] skip (do not write) sections of the
1814 Makefile. Caution! Do not use the SKIP attribute for the negligible
1815 speedup. It may seriously damage the resulting Makefile. Only use it
1816 if you really need it.
1820 The set of -I's necessary to run a "make test". Use as:
1821 $(PERL) $(TEST_LIBS) -e '...' for example.
1825 Ref to array of typemap file names. Use this when the typemaps are
1826 in some directory other than the current directory or when they are
1827 not named B<typemap>. The last typemap in the list takes
1828 precedence. A typemap in the current directory has highest
1829 precedence, even if it isn't listed in TYPEMAPS. The default system
1830 typemap has lowest precedence.
1834 Your version number for distributing the package. This defaults to
1839 Instead of specifying the VERSION in the Makefile.PL you can let
1840 MakeMaker parse a file to determine the version number. The parsing
1841 routine requires that the file named by VERSION_FROM contains one
1842 single line to compute the version number. The first line in the file
1843 that contains the regular expression
1845 /([\$*])(([\w\:\']*)\bVERSION)\b.*\=/
1847 will be evaluated with eval() and the value of the named variable
1848 B<after> the eval() will be assigned to the VERSION attribute of the
1849 MakeMaker object. The following lines will be parsed o.k.:
1853 ( $VERSION ) = '$Revision: 1.222 $ ' =~ /\$Revision:\s+([^\s]+)/;
1854 $FOO::VERSION = '1.10';
1855 *FOO::VERSION = \'1.11';
1856 our $VERSION = 1.2.3; # new for perl5.6.0
1858 but these will fail:
1860 my $VERSION = '1.01';
1861 local $VERSION = '1.02';
1862 local $FOO::VERSION = '1.30';
1864 (Putting C<my> or C<local> on the preceding line will work o.k.)
1866 The file named in VERSION_FROM is not added as a dependency to
1867 Makefile. This is not really correct, but it would be a major pain
1868 during development to have to rewrite the Makefile for any smallish
1869 change in that file. If you want to make sure that the Makefile
1870 contains the correct VERSION macro after any change of the file, you
1871 would have to do something like
1873 depend => { Makefile => '$(VERSION_FROM)' }
1875 See attribute C<depend> below.
1879 Hashref of .xs files. MakeMaker will default this. e.g.
1881 {'name_of_file.xs' => 'name_of_file.c'}
1883 The .c files will automatically be included in the list of files
1884 deleted by a make clean.
1888 String of options to pass to xsubpp. This might include C<-C++> or
1889 C<-extern>. Do not include typemaps here; the TYPEMAP parameter exists for
1894 May be set to an empty string, which is identical to C<-prototypes>, or
1895 C<-noprototypes>. See the xsubpp documentation for details. MakeMaker
1896 defaults to the empty string.
1900 Your version number for the .xs file of this package. This defaults
1901 to the value of the VERSION attribute.
1905 =head2 Additional lowercase attributes
1907 can be used to pass parameters to the methods which implement that
1908 part of the Makefile.
1914 {FILES => "*.xyz foo"}
1918 {ANY_TARGET => ANY_DEPENDECY, ...}
1920 (ANY_TARGET must not be given a double-colon rule by MakeMaker.)
1924 {TARFLAGS => 'cvfF', COMPRESS => 'gzip', SUFFIX => '.gz',
1925 SHAR => 'shar -m', DIST_CP => 'ln', ZIP => '/bin/zip',
1926 ZIPFLAGS => '-rl', DIST_DEFAULT => 'private tardist' }
1928 If you specify COMPRESS, then SUFFIX should also be altered, as it is
1929 needed to tell make the target file of the compression. Setting
1930 DIST_CP to ln can be useful, if you need to preserve the timestamps on
1931 your files. DIST_CP can take the values 'cp', which copies the file,
1932 'ln', which links the file, and 'best' which copies symbolic links and
1933 links the rest. Default is 'best'.
1937 {ARMAYBE => 'ar', OTHERLDFLAGS => '...', INST_DYNAMIC_DEP => '...'}
1941 {LINKTYPE => 'static', 'dynamic' or ''}
1943 NB: Extensions that have nothing but *.pm files had to say
1947 with Pre-5.0 MakeMakers. Since version 5.00 of MakeMaker such a line
1948 can be deleted safely. MakeMaker recognizes when there's nothing to
1953 {ANY_MACRO => ANY_VALUE, ...}
1957 {FILES => '$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/*.xyz'}
1963 =item tool_autosplit
1969 =head2 Overriding MakeMaker Methods
1971 If you cannot achieve the desired Makefile behaviour by specifying
1972 attributes you may define private subroutines in the Makefile.PL.
1973 Each subroutines returns the text it wishes to have written to
1974 the Makefile. To override a section of the Makefile you can
1977 sub MY::c_o { "new literal text" }
1979 or you can edit the default by saying something like:
1982 package MY; # so that "SUPER" works right
1983 my $inherited = shift->SUPER::c_o(@_);
1984 $inherited =~ s/old text/new text/;
1988 If you are running experiments with embedding perl as a library into
1989 other applications, you might find MakeMaker is not sufficient. You'd
1990 better have a look at ExtUtils::Embed which is a collection of utilities
1993 If you still need a different solution, try to develop another
1994 subroutine that fits your needs and submit the diffs to
1995 F<perl5-porters@perl.org> or F<comp.lang.perl.moderated> as appropriate.
1997 For a complete description of all MakeMaker methods see L<ExtUtils::MM_Unix>.
1999 Here is a simple example of how to add a new target to the generated
2004 $(MYEXTLIB): sdbm/Makefile
2005 cd sdbm && $(MAKE) all
2010 =head2 Hintsfile support
2012 MakeMaker.pm uses the architecture specific information from
2013 Config.pm. In addition it evaluates architecture specific hints files
2014 in a C<hints/> directory. The hints files are expected to be named
2015 like their counterparts in C<PERL_SRC/hints>, but with an C<.pl> file
2016 name extension (eg. C<next_3_2.pl>). They are simply C<eval>ed by
2017 MakeMaker within the WriteMakefile() subroutine, and can be used to
2018 execute commands as well as to include special variables. The rules
2019 which hintsfile is chosen are the same as in Configure.
2021 The hintsfile is eval()ed immediately after the arguments given to
2022 WriteMakefile are stuffed into a hash reference $self but before this
2023 reference becomes blessed. So if you want to do the equivalent to
2024 override or create an attribute you would say something like
2026 $self->{LIBS} = ['-ldbm -lucb -lc'];
2028 =head2 Distribution Support
2030 For authors of extensions MakeMaker provides several Makefile
2031 targets. Most of the support comes from the ExtUtils::Manifest module,
2032 where additional documentation can be found.
2036 =item make distcheck
2038 reports which files are below the build directory but not in the
2039 MANIFEST file and vice versa. (See ExtUtils::Manifest::fullcheck() for
2042 =item make skipcheck
2044 reports which files are skipped due to the entries in the
2045 C<MANIFEST.SKIP> file (See ExtUtils::Manifest::skipcheck() for
2048 =item make distclean
2050 does a realclean first and then the distcheck. Note that this is not
2051 needed to build a new distribution as long as you are sure that the
2052 MANIFEST file is ok.
2056 rewrites the MANIFEST file, adding all remaining files found (See
2057 ExtUtils::Manifest::mkmanifest() for details)
2061 Copies all the files that are in the MANIFEST file to a newly created
2062 directory with the name C<$(DISTNAME)-$(VERSION)>. If that directory
2063 exists, it will be removed first.
2067 Makes a distdir first, and runs a C<perl Makefile.PL>, a make, and
2068 a make test in that directory.
2072 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2073 command, followed by $(TOUNIX), which defaults to a null command under
2074 UNIX, and will convert files in distribution directory to UNIX format
2075 otherwise. Next it runs C<tar> on that directory into a tarfile and
2076 deletes the directory. Finishes with a command $(POSTOP) which
2077 defaults to a null command.
2081 Defaults to $(DIST_DEFAULT) which in turn defaults to tardist.
2083 =item make uutardist
2085 Runs a tardist first and uuencodes the tarfile.
2089 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2090 command. Next it runs C<shar> on that directory into a sharfile and
2091 deletes the intermediate directory again. Finishes with a command
2092 $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command. Note: For shdist to work
2093 properly a C<shar> program that can handle directories is mandatory.
2097 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2098 command. Runs C<$(ZIP) $(ZIPFLAGS)> on that directory into a
2099 zipfile. Then deletes that directory. Finishes with a command
2100 $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command.
2104 Does a $(CI) and a $(RCS_LABEL) on all files in the MANIFEST file.
2108 Customization of the dist targets can be done by specifying a hash
2109 reference to the dist attribute of the WriteMakefile call. The
2110 following parameters are recognized:
2113 COMPRESS ('gzip --best')
2116 TO_UNIX (depends on the system)
2117 RCS_LABEL ('rcs -q -Nv$(VERSION_SYM):')
2127 WriteMakefile( 'dist' => { COMPRESS=>"bzip2", SUFFIX=>".bz2" })
2129 =head2 Disabling an extension
2131 If some events detected in F<Makefile.PL> imply that there is no way
2132 to create the Module, but this is a normal state of things, then you
2133 can create a F<Makefile> which does nothing, but succeeds on all the
2134 "usual" build targets. To do so, use
2136 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::WriteEmptyMakefile();
2138 instead of WriteMakefile().
2140 This may be useful if other modules expect this module to be I<built>
2141 OK, as opposed to I<work> OK (say, this system-dependent module builds
2142 in a subdirectory of some other distribution, or is listed as a
2143 dependency in a CPAN::Bundle, but the functionality is supported by
2144 different means on the current architecture).
2152 Command line options used by C<MakeMaker-E<gt>new()>, and thus by
2153 C<WriteMakefile()>. The string is split on whitespace, and the result
2154 is processed before any actual command line arguments are processed.
2156 =item PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
2158 If set to a true value then MakeMaker's prompt function will
2159 always return the default without waiting for user input.
2165 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::testlib,
2166 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Embed
2170 Andy Dougherty <F<doughera@lafcol.lafayette.edu>>, Andreas KE<ouml>nig
2171 <F<andreas.koenig@mind.de>>, Tim Bunce <F<Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk>>. VMS
2172 support by Charles Bailey <F<bailey@newman.upenn.edu>>. OS/2 support
2173 by Ilya Zakharevich <F<ilya@math.ohio-state.edu>>.
2175 Contact the MakeMaker mailing list <F<makemaker@perl.org>> if you have
2178 Send patches and bug reports to <F<perlbug@perl.org>>.