1 package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
3 BEGIN {require 5.005_03;}
6 ($Revision) = q$Revision: 1.130 $ =~ /Revision:\s+(\S+)/;
14 @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK
15 $Revision $VERSION $Verbose %Config
16 @Prepend_parent @Parent
17 %Recognized_Att_Keys @Get_from_Config @MM_Sections @Overridable
23 @EXPORT = qw(&WriteMakefile &writeMakefile $Verbose &prompt);
24 @EXPORT_OK = qw($VERSION &neatvalue &mkbootstrap &mksymlists);
26 # These will go away once the last of the Win32 & VMS specific code is
28 my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
29 my $Is_Win32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
31 # Our filename for diagnostic and debugging purposes. More reliable
32 # than %INC (think caseless filesystems)
37 require ExtUtils::MM; # Things like CPAN assume loading ExtUtils::MakeMaker
40 require ExtUtils::MY; # XXX pre-5.8 versions of ExtUtils::Embed expect
41 # loading ExtUtils::MakeMaker will give them MY.
42 # This will go when Embed is it's own CPAN module.
46 Carp::croak "WriteMakefile: Need even number of args" if @_ % 2;
53 my $mm = MM->new(\%att);
60 # Basic signatures of the attributes WriteMakefile takes. Each is the
61 # reference type. Empty value indicate it takes a non-reference
71 EXCLUDE_EXT => 'array',
76 INCLUDE_EXT => 'array',
87 _KEEP_AFTER_FLUSH => '',
98 tool_autosplit => 'hash',
101 @Att_Sigs{keys %Recognized_Att_Keys} = ('') x keys %Recognized_Att_Keys;
102 @Att_Sigs{keys %Special_Sigs} = values %Special_Sigs;
108 while( my($key, $val) = each %$att ) {
109 my $sig = $Att_Sigs{$key};
110 unless( defined $sig ) {
111 warn "WARNING: $key is not a known parameter.\n";
115 my @sigs = ref $sig ? @$sig : $sig;
116 my $given = lc ref $val;
117 unless( grep $given eq $_, @sigs ) {
118 my $takes = join " or ", map { $_ ne '' ? "$_ reference"
121 my $has = $given ne '' ? "$given reference"
123 warn "WARNING: $key takes a $takes not a $has.\n".
124 " Please inform the author.\n";
130 my($mess, $def) = @_;
131 Carp::confess("prompt function called without an argument")
132 unless defined $mess;
134 my $isa_tty = -t STDIN && (-t STDOUT || !(-f STDOUT || -c STDOUT)) ;
136 my $dispdef = defined $def ? "[$def] " : " ";
137 $def = defined $def ? $def : "";
141 print "$mess $dispdef";
144 if ($ENV{PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT} || (!$isa_tty && eof STDIN)) {
152 else { # user hit ctrl-D
157 return (!defined $ans || $ans eq '') ? $def : $ans;
160 sub eval_in_subdirs {
162 use Cwd qw(cwd abs_path);
163 my $pwd = cwd() || die "Can't figure out your cwd!";
165 local @INC = map eval {abs_path($_) if -e} || $_, @INC;
166 push @INC, '.'; # '.' has to always be at the end of @INC
168 foreach my $dir (@{$self->{DIR}}){
169 my($abs) = $self->catdir($pwd,$dir);
170 $self->eval_in_x($abs);
177 chdir $dir or Carp::carp("Couldn't change to directory $dir: $!");
184 # if ($@ =~ /prerequisites/) {
185 # die "MakeMaker WARNING: $@";
187 # warn "WARNING from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
189 die "ERROR from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
194 # package name for the classes into which the first object will be blessed
195 my $PACKNAME = 'PACK000';
200 my @attrib_help = qw/
202 AUTHOR ABSTRACT ABSTRACT_FROM BINARY_LOCATION
203 C CAPI CCFLAGS CONFIG CONFIGURE DEFINE DIR DISTNAME DL_FUNCS DL_VARS
204 EXCLUDE_EXT EXE_FILES FIRST_MAKEFILE
205 FULLPERL FULLPERLRUN FULLPERLRUNINST
208 INST_ARCHLIB INST_SCRIPT INST_BIN INST_LIB INST_MAN1DIR INST_MAN3DIR
211 PERLPREFIX SITEPREFIX VENDORPREFIX
212 INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALLSITELIB INSTALLVENDORLIB
213 INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALLSITEARCH INSTALLVENDORARCH
214 INSTALLBIN INSTALLSITEBIN INSTALLVENDORBIN
215 INSTALLMAN1DIR INSTALLMAN3DIR
216 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR
217 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
219 PERL_LIB PERL_ARCHLIB
220 SITELIBEXP SITEARCHEXP
222 INC INCLUDE_EXT LDFROM LIB LIBPERL_A LIBS
223 LINKTYPE MAKEAPERL MAKEFILE MAKEFILE_OLD MAN1PODS MAN3PODS MAP_TARGET
224 MYEXTLIB NAME NEEDS_LINKING NOECHO NO_META NORECURS NO_VC OBJECT OPTIMIZE
225 PERL_MALLOC_OK PERL PERLMAINCC PERLRUN PERLRUNINST PERL_CORE
226 PERL_SRC PERM_RW PERM_RWX
227 PL_FILES PM PM_FILTER PMLIBDIRS POLLUTE PPM_INSTALL_EXEC
228 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT PREREQ_FATAL PREREQ_PM PREREQ_PRINT PRINT_PREREQ
229 SKIP TYPEMAPS VERSION VERSION_FROM XS XSOPT XSPROTOARG
230 XS_VERSION clean depend dist dynamic_lib linkext macro realclean
233 MACPERL_SRC MACPERL_LIB MACLIBS_68K MACLIBS_PPC MACLIBS_SC MACLIBS_MRC
234 MACLIBS_ALL_68K MACLIBS_ALL_PPC MACLIBS_SHARED
237 # IMPORTS is used under OS/2 and Win32
239 # @Overridable is close to @MM_Sections but not identical. The
240 # order is important. Many subroutines declare macros. These
241 # depend on each other. Let's try to collect the macros up front,
242 # then pasthru, then the rules.
244 # MM_Sections are the sections we have to call explicitly
245 # in Overridable we have subroutines that are used indirectly
251 post_initialize const_config constants platform_constants
252 tool_autosplit tool_xsubpp tools_other
256 dist macro depend cflags const_loadlibs const_cccmd
263 top_targets linkext dlsyms dynamic dynamic_bs
264 dynamic_lib static static_lib manifypods processPL
266 clean_subdirs clean realclean_subdirs realclean
267 metafile metafile_addtomanifest
268 dist_basics dist_core distdir dist_test dist_ci
269 install force perldepend makefile staticmake test ppd
271 ); # loses section ordering
273 @Overridable = @MM_Sections;
274 push @Overridable, qw[
276 dir_target libscan makeaperl needs_linking perm_rw perm_rwx
277 subdir_x test_via_harness test_via_script init_PERL
280 push @MM_Sections, qw[
282 pm_to_blib selfdocument
286 # Postamble needs to be the last that was always the case
287 push @MM_Sections, "postamble";
288 push @Overridable, "postamble";
290 # All sections are valid keys.
291 @Recognized_Att_Keys{@MM_Sections} = (1) x @MM_Sections;
293 # we will use all these variables in the Makefile
296 ar cc cccdlflags ccdlflags dlext dlsrc ld lddlflags ldflags libc
297 lib_ext obj_ext osname osvers ranlib sitelibexp sitearchexp so
301 # 5.5.3 doesn't have any concept of vendor libs
302 push @Get_from_Config, qw( vendorarchexp vendorlibexp ) if $] >= 5.006;
304 foreach my $item (@attrib_help){
305 $Recognized_Att_Keys{$item} = 1;
307 foreach my $item (@Get_from_Config) {
308 $Recognized_Att_Keys{uc $item} = $Config{$item};
309 print "Attribute '\U$item\E' => '$Config{$item}'\n"
314 # When we eval a Makefile.PL in a subdirectory, that one will ask
315 # us (the parent) for the values and will prepend "..", so that
316 # all files to be installed end up below OUR ./blib
318 @Prepend_parent = qw(
319 INST_BIN INST_LIB INST_ARCHLIB INST_SCRIPT
320 MAP_TARGET INST_MAN1DIR INST_MAN3DIR PERL_SRC
328 The extension you are trying to build apparently is rather old and
329 most probably outdated. We detect that from the fact, that a
330 subroutine "writeMakefile" is called, and this subroutine is not
331 supported anymore since about October 1994.
333 Please contact the author or look into CPAN (details about CPAN can be
334 found in the FAQ and at http:/www.perl.com) for a more recent version
335 of the extension. If you're really desperate, you can try to change
336 the subroutine name from writeMakefile to WriteMakefile and rerun
337 'perl Makefile.PL', but you're most probably left alone, when you do
346 my($class,$self) = @_;
349 # Store the original args passed to WriteMakefile()
350 foreach my $k (keys %$self) {
351 $self->{ARGS}{$k} = $self->{$k};
354 if ("@ARGV" =~ /\bPREREQ_PRINT\b/) {
355 require Data::Dumper;
356 print Data::Dumper->Dump([$self->{PREREQ_PM}], [qw(PREREQ_PM)]);
360 # PRINT_PREREQ is RedHatism.
361 if ("@ARGV" =~ /\bPRINT_PREREQ\b/) {
362 print join(" ", map { "perl($_)>=$self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$_} " } sort keys %{$self->{PREREQ_PM}}), "\n";
366 print STDOUT "MakeMaker (v$VERSION)\n" if $Verbose;
367 if (-f "MANIFEST" && ! -f "Makefile"){
371 $self = {} unless (defined $self);
375 my %configure_att; # record &{$self->{CONFIGURE}} attributes
376 my(%initial_att) = %$self; # record initial attributes
378 my(%unsatisfied) = ();
379 foreach my $prereq (sort keys %{$self->{PREREQ_PM}}) {
380 # 5.8.0 has a bug with require Foo::Bar alone in an eval, so an
381 # extra statement is a workaround.
382 eval "require $prereq; 0";
384 my $pr_version = $prereq->VERSION || 0;
386 # convert X.Y_Z alpha version #s to X.YZ for easier comparisons
387 $pr_version =~ s/(\d+)\.(\d+)_(\d+)/$1.$2$3/;
390 warn sprintf "Warning: prerequisite %s %s not found.\n",
391 $prereq, $self->{PREREQ_PM}{$prereq}
392 unless $self->{PREREQ_FATAL};
393 $unsatisfied{$prereq} = 'not installed';
394 } elsif ($pr_version < $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} ){
395 warn sprintf "Warning: prerequisite %s %s not found. We have %s.\n",
396 $prereq, $self->{PREREQ_PM}{$prereq},
397 ($pr_version || 'unknown version')
398 unless $self->{PREREQ_FATAL};
399 $unsatisfied{$prereq} = $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} ?
400 $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} : 'unknown version' ;
403 if (%unsatisfied && $self->{PREREQ_FATAL}){
404 my $failedprereqs = join ', ', map {"$_ $unsatisfied{$_}"}
406 die qq{MakeMaker FATAL: prerequisites not found ($failedprereqs)\n
407 Please install these modules first and rerun 'perl Makefile.PL'.\n};
410 if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
411 if (ref $self->{CONFIGURE} eq 'CODE') {
412 %configure_att = %{&{$self->{CONFIGURE}}};
413 $self = { %$self, %configure_att };
415 Carp::croak "Attribute 'CONFIGURE' to WriteMakefile() not a code reference\n";
419 # This is for old Makefiles written pre 5.00, will go away
420 if ( Carp::longmess("") =~ /runsubdirpl/s ){
421 Carp::carp("WARNING: Please rerun 'perl Makefile.PL' to regenerate your Makefiles\n");
424 my $newclass = ++$PACKNAME;
425 local @Parent = @Parent; # Protect against non-local exits
428 print "Blessing Object into class [$newclass]\n" if $Verbose>=2;
429 mv_all_methods("MY",$newclass);
430 bless $self, $newclass;
432 require ExtUtils::MY;
433 @{"$newclass\:\:ISA"} = 'MM';
436 if (defined $Parent[-2]){
437 $self->{PARENT} = $Parent[-2];
439 for $key (@Prepend_parent) {
440 next unless defined $self->{PARENT}{$key};
442 # Don't stomp on WriteMakefile() args.
443 next if defined $self->{ARGS}{$key} and
444 $self->{ARGS}{$key} eq $self->{$key};
446 $self->{$key} = $self->{PARENT}{$key};
448 unless ($Is_VMS && $key =~ /PERL$/) {
449 $self->{$key} = $self->catdir("..",$self->{$key})
450 unless $self->file_name_is_absolute($self->{$key});
452 # PERL or FULLPERL will be a command verb or even a
453 # command with an argument instead of a full file
454 # specification under VMS. So, don't turn the command
455 # into a filespec, but do add a level to the path of
456 # the argument if not already absolute.
457 my @cmd = split /\s+/, $self->{$key};
458 $cmd[1] = $self->catfile('[-]',$cmd[1])
459 unless (@cmd < 2) || $self->file_name_is_absolute($cmd[1]);
460 $self->{$key} = join(' ', @cmd);
463 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
464 $self->{PARENT}->{CHILDREN}->{$newclass} = $self;
465 foreach my $opt (qw(POLLUTE PERL_CORE)) {
466 if (exists $self->{PARENT}->{$opt}
467 and not exists $self->{$opt})
469 # inherit, but only if already unspecified
470 $self->{$opt} = $self->{PARENT}->{$opt};
474 my @fm = grep /^FIRST_MAKEFILE=/, @ARGV;
475 parse_args($self,@fm) if @fm;
477 parse_args($self,split(' ', $ENV{PERL_MM_OPT} || ''),@ARGV);
480 $self->{NAME} ||= $self->guess_name;
482 ($self->{NAME_SYM} = $self->{NAME}) =~ s/\W+/_/g;
493 $self->init_DIRFILESEP;
496 if (! $self->{PERL_SRC} ) {
497 require VMS::Filespec if $Is_VMS;
498 my($pthinks) = $self->canonpath($INC{'Config.pm'});
499 my($cthinks) = $self->catfile($Config{'archlibexp'},'Config.pm');
500 $pthinks = VMS::Filespec::vmsify($pthinks) if $Is_VMS;
501 if ($pthinks ne $cthinks &&
502 !($Is_Win32 and lc($pthinks) eq lc($cthinks))) {
503 print "Have $pthinks expected $cthinks\n";
505 $pthinks =~ s![/\\]Config\.pm$!!i; $pthinks =~ s!.*[/\\]!!;
508 $pthinks =~ s!/Config\.pm$!!; $pthinks =~ s!.*/!!;
510 print STDOUT <<END unless $self->{UNINSTALLED_PERL};
511 Your perl and your Config.pm seem to have different ideas about the
512 architecture they are running on.
513 Perl thinks: [$pthinks]
514 Config says: [$Config{archname}]
515 This may or may not cause problems. Please check your installation of perl
516 if you have problems building this extension.
521 $self->init_others();
522 $self->init_platform();
524 my($argv) = neatvalue(\@ARGV);
528 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
529 # This Makefile is for the $self->{NAME} extension to perl.
531 # It was generated automatically by MakeMaker version
532 # $VERSION (Revision: $Revision) from the contents of
533 # Makefile.PL. Don't edit this file, edit Makefile.PL instead.
535 # ANY CHANGES MADE HERE WILL BE LOST!
537 # MakeMaker ARGV: $argv
539 # MakeMaker Parameters:
542 foreach my $key (sort keys %initial_att){
543 next if $key eq 'ARGS';
545 my($v) = neatvalue($initial_att{$key});
546 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
548 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# $key => $v";
550 undef %initial_att; # free memory
552 if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
553 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
555 # MakeMaker 'CONFIGURE' Parameters:
557 if (scalar(keys %configure_att) > 0) {
558 foreach my $key (sort keys %configure_att){
559 next if $key eq 'ARGS';
560 my($v) = neatvalue($configure_att{$key});
561 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
563 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# $key => $v";
568 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# no values returned";
570 undef %configure_att; # free memory
573 # turn the SKIP array into a SKIPHASH hash
575 for $skip (@{$self->{SKIP} || []}) {
576 $self->{SKIPHASH}{$skip} = 1;
578 delete $self->{SKIP}; # free memory
580 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
581 for (qw/install dist dist_basics dist_core distdir dist_test dist_ci/) {
582 $self->{SKIPHASH}{$_} = 1;
586 # We run all the subdirectories now. They don't have much to query
587 # from the parent, but the parent has to query them: if they need linking!
588 unless ($self->{NORECURS}) {
589 $self->eval_in_subdirs if @{$self->{DIR}};
592 foreach my $section ( @MM_Sections ){
593 # Support for new foo_target() methods.
594 my $method = $section;
595 $method .= '_target' unless $self->can($method);
597 print "Processing Makefile '$section' section\n" if ($Verbose >= 2);
598 my($skipit) = $self->skipcheck($section);
600 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section $skipit.";
602 my(%a) = %{$self->{$section} || {}};
603 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section:";
604 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# " . join ", ", %a if $Verbose && %a;
605 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, $self->nicetext($self->$method( %a ));
609 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# End.";
614 sub WriteEmptyMakefile {
615 Carp::croak "WriteEmptyMakefile: Need even number of args" if @_ % 2;
618 my $self = MM->new(\%att);
619 if (-f $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD}) {
620 _unlink($self->{MAKEFILE_OLD}) or
621 warn "unlink $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD}: $!";
623 if ( -f $self->{MAKEFILE} ) {
624 _rename($self->{MAKEFILE}, $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD}) or
625 warn "rename $self->{MAKEFILE} => $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD}: $!"
627 open MF, '>'.$self->{MAKEFILE} or die "open $self->{MAKEFILE} for write: $!";
640 close MF or die "close $self->{MAKEFILE} for write: $!";
644 print STDOUT "Checking if your kit is complete...\n";
645 require ExtUtils::Manifest;
647 $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet = $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet = 1;
648 my(@missed) = ExtUtils::Manifest::manicheck();
650 print STDOUT "Warning: the following files are missing in your kit:\n";
651 print "\t", join "\n\t", @missed;
653 print STDOUT "Please inform the author.\n";
655 print STDOUT "Looks good\n";
660 my($self, @args) = @_;
662 unless (m/(.*?)=(.*)/) {
663 help(),exit 1 if m/^help$/;
664 ++$Verbose if m/^verb/;
667 my($name, $value) = ($1, $2);
668 if ($value =~ m/^~(\w+)?/) { # tilde with optional username
669 $value =~ s [^~(\w*)]
671 ((getpwnam($1))[7] || "~$1") :
676 # Remember the original args passed it. It will be useful later.
677 $self->{ARGS}{uc $name} = $self->{uc $name} = $value;
680 # catch old-style 'potential_libs' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
681 if (defined $self->{potential_libs}){
682 my($msg)="'potential_libs' => '$self->{potential_libs}' should be";
683 if ($self->{potential_libs}){
684 print STDOUT "$msg changed to:\n\t'LIBS' => ['$self->{potential_libs}']\n";
686 print STDOUT "$msg deleted.\n";
688 $self->{LIBS} = [$self->{potential_libs}];
689 delete $self->{potential_libs};
691 # catch old-style 'ARMAYBE' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
692 if (defined $self->{ARMAYBE}){
693 my($armaybe) = $self->{ARMAYBE};
694 print STDOUT "ARMAYBE => '$armaybe' should be changed to:\n",
695 "\t'dynamic_lib' => {ARMAYBE => '$armaybe'}\n";
696 my(%dl) = %{$self->{dynamic_lib} || {}};
697 $self->{dynamic_lib} = { %dl, ARMAYBE => $armaybe};
698 delete $self->{ARMAYBE};
700 if (defined $self->{LDTARGET}){
701 print STDOUT "LDTARGET should be changed to LDFROM\n";
702 $self->{LDFROM} = $self->{LDTARGET};
703 delete $self->{LDTARGET};
705 # Turn a DIR argument on the command line into an array
706 if (defined $self->{DIR} && ref \$self->{DIR} eq 'SCALAR') {
707 # So they can choose from the command line, which extensions they want
708 # the grep enables them to have some colons too much in case they
709 # have to build a list with the shell
710 $self->{DIR} = [grep $_, split ":", $self->{DIR}];
712 # Turn a INCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
713 if (defined $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{INCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
714 $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{INCLUDE_EXT}];
716 # Turn a EXCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
717 if (defined $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
718 $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT}];
721 foreach my $mmkey (sort keys %$self){
722 next if $mmkey eq 'ARGS';
723 print STDOUT " $mmkey => ", neatvalue($self->{$mmkey}), "\n" if $Verbose;
724 print STDOUT "'$mmkey' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name.\n"
725 unless exists $Recognized_Att_Keys{$mmkey};
732 # We allow extension-specific hints files.
735 my $curdir = File::Spec->curdir;
737 my $hint_dir = File::Spec->catdir($curdir, "hints");
738 return unless -d $hint_dir;
740 # First we look for the best hintsfile we have
741 my($hint)="${^O}_$Config{osvers}";
746 # Also try without trailing minor version numbers.
748 last if -f File::Spec->catfile($hint_dir, "$hint.pl"); # found
750 last unless $hint =~ s/_[^_]*$//; # nothing to cut off
752 my $hint_file = File::Spec->catfile($hint_dir, "$hint.pl");
754 return unless -f $hint_file; # really there
756 _run_hintfile($self, $hint_file);
761 local($self) = shift; # make $self available to the hint file.
762 my($hint_file) = shift;
765 print STDERR "Processing hints file $hint_file\n";
767 # Just in case the ./ isn't on the hint file, which File::Spec can
768 # often strip off, we bung the curdir into @INC
769 local @INC = (File::Spec->curdir, @INC);
770 my $ret = do $hint_file;
771 if( !defined $ret ) {
772 my $error = $@ || $!;
780 my($symtab) = \%{"${from}::"};
782 # Here you see the *current* list of methods that are overridable
783 # from Makefile.PL via MY:: subroutines. As of VERSION 5.07 I'm
784 # still trying to reduce the list to some reasonable minimum --
785 # because I want to make it easier for the user. A.K.
787 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
788 # can't use 'no warnings redefined', 5.6 only
789 warn @_ unless $_[0] =~ /^Subroutine .* redefined/
791 foreach my $method (@Overridable) {
793 # We cannot say "next" here. Nick might call MY->makeaperl
794 # which isn't defined right now
796 # Above statement was written at 4.23 time when Tk-b8 was
797 # around. As Tk-b9 only builds with 5.002something and MM 5 is
798 # standard, we try to enable the next line again. It was
799 # commented out until MM 5.23
801 next unless defined &{"${from}::$method"};
803 *{"${to}::$method"} = \&{"${from}::$method"};
805 # delete would do, if we were sure, nobody ever called
806 # MY->makeaperl directly
808 # delete $symtab->{$method};
810 # If we delete a method, then it will be undefined and cannot
811 # be called. But as long as we have Makefile.PLs that rely on
812 # %MY:: being intact, we have to fill the hole with an
815 eval "package MY; sub $method { shift->SUPER::$method(\@_); }";
818 # We have to clean out %INC also, because the current directory is
819 # changed frequently and Graham Barr prefers to get his version
820 # out of a History.pl file which is "required" so woudn't get
821 # loaded again in another extension requiring a History.pl
823 # With perl5.002_01 the deletion of entries in %INC caused Tk-b11
824 # to core dump in the middle of a require statement. The required
825 # file was Tk/MMutil.pm. The consequence is, we have to be
826 # extremely careful when we try to give perl a reason to reload a
827 # library with same name. The workaround prefers to drop nothing
828 # from %INC and teach the writers not to use such libraries.
831 # foreach $inc (keys %INC) {
832 # #warn "***$inc*** deleted";
840 if ($section eq 'dynamic') {
841 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
842 "in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
843 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
844 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
845 "in skipped section 'dynamic_lib'\n"
846 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_lib} && $Verbose;
848 if ($section eq 'dynamic_lib') {
849 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target '\$(INST_DYNAMIC)' depends on ",
850 "targets in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
851 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
853 if ($section eq 'static') {
854 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'static' depends on targets ",
855 "in skipped section 'static_lib'\n"
856 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{static_lib} && $Verbose;
858 return 'skipped' if $self->{SKIPHASH}{$section};
866 print STDOUT "Writing $self->{MAKEFILE} for $self->{NAME}\n";
868 unlink($self->{MAKEFILE}, "MakeMaker.tmp", $Is_VMS ? 'Descrip.MMS' : '');
869 open(FH,">MakeMaker.tmp") or die "Unable to open MakeMaker.tmp: $!";
871 for $chunk (@{$self->{RESULT}}) {
876 my($finalname) = $self->{MAKEFILE};
877 _rename("MakeMaker.tmp", $finalname) or
878 warn "rename MakeMaker.tmp => $finalname: $!";
879 chmod 0644, $finalname unless $Is_VMS;
881 my %keep = map { ($_ => 1) } qw(NEEDS_LINKING HAS_LINK_CODE);
883 if ($self->{PARENT} && !$self->{_KEEP_AFTER_FLUSH}) {
884 foreach (keys %$self) { # safe memory
885 delete $self->{$_} unless $keep{$_};
889 system("$Config::Config{eunicefix} $finalname") unless $Config::Config{eunicefix} eq ":";
893 # This is a rename for OS's where the target must be unlinked first.
895 my($src, $dest) = @_;
898 return rename $src, $dest;
901 # This is an unlink for OS's where the target must be writable first.
905 return unlink @files;
909 # The following mkbootstrap() is only for installations that are calling
910 # the pre-4.1 mkbootstrap() from their old Makefiles. This MakeMaker
911 # writes Makefiles, that use ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap directly.
914 !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
915 !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker. !!!
916 !!! Please rebuild your Makefile !!!
920 # Ditto for mksymlists() as of MakeMaker 5.17
923 !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
924 !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker. !!!
925 !!! Please rebuild your Makefile !!!
931 return "undef" unless defined $v;
933 return "q[$v]" unless $t;
937 foreach my $elem (@$v) {
938 push @neat, "q[$elem]";
940 push @m, join ", ", @neat;
944 return "$v" unless $t eq 'HASH';
946 while (($key,$val) = each %$v){
947 last unless defined $key; # cautious programming in case (undef,undef) is true
948 push(@m,"$key=>".neatvalue($val)) ;
950 return "{ ".join(', ',@m)." }";
957 push @m, "\n# Full list of MakeMaker attribute values:";
958 foreach my $key (sort keys %$self){
959 next if $key eq 'RESULT' || $key =~ /^[A-Z][a-z]/;
960 my($v) = neatvalue($self->{$key});
961 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
963 push @m, "# $key => $v";
975 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
979 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
981 WriteMakefile( ATTRIBUTE => VALUE [, ...] );
985 This utility is designed to write a Makefile for an extension module
986 from a Makefile.PL. It is based on the Makefile.SH model provided by
987 Andy Dougherty and the perl5-porters.
989 It splits the task of generating the Makefile into several subroutines
990 that can be individually overridden. Each subroutine returns the text
991 it wishes to have written to the Makefile.
993 MakeMaker is object oriented. Each directory below the current
994 directory that contains a Makefile.PL is treated as a separate
995 object. This makes it possible to write an unlimited number of
996 Makefiles with a single invocation of WriteMakefile().
998 =head2 How To Write A Makefile.PL
1000 See ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial.
1002 The long answer is the rest of the manpage :-)
1004 =head2 Default Makefile Behaviour
1006 The generated Makefile enables the user of the extension to invoke
1008 perl Makefile.PL # optionally "perl Makefile.PL verbose"
1010 make test # optionally set TEST_VERBOSE=1
1011 make install # See below
1013 The Makefile to be produced may be altered by adding arguments of the
1014 form C<KEY=VALUE>. E.g.
1016 perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/tmp/myperl5
1018 Other interesting targets in the generated Makefile are
1020 make config # to check if the Makefile is up-to-date
1021 make clean # delete local temp files (Makefile gets renamed)
1022 make realclean # delete derived files (including ./blib)
1023 make ci # check in all the files in the MANIFEST file
1024 make dist # see below the Distribution Support section
1028 MakeMaker checks for the existence of a file named F<test.pl> in the
1029 current directory and if it exists it execute the script with the
1030 proper set of perl C<-I> options.
1032 MakeMaker also checks for any files matching glob("t/*.t"). It will
1033 execute all matching files in alphabetical order via the
1034 L<Test::Harness> module with the C<-I> switches set correctly.
1036 If you'd like to see the raw output of your tests, set the
1037 C<TEST_VERBOSE> variable to true.
1039 make test TEST_VERBOSE=1
1043 A useful variation of the above is the target C<testdb>. It runs the
1044 test under the Perl debugger (see L<perldebug>). If the file
1045 F<test.pl> exists in the current directory, it is used for the test.
1047 If you want to debug some other testfile, set the C<TEST_FILE> variable
1050 make testdb TEST_FILE=t/mytest.t
1052 By default the debugger is called using C<-d> option to perl. If you
1053 want to specify some other option, set the C<TESTDB_SW> variable:
1055 make testdb TESTDB_SW=-Dx
1059 make alone puts all relevant files into directories that are named by
1060 the macros INST_LIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_SCRIPT, INST_MAN1DIR and
1061 INST_MAN3DIR. All these default to something below ./blib if you are
1062 I<not> building below the perl source directory. If you I<are>
1063 building below the perl source, INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB default to
1064 ../../lib, and INST_SCRIPT is not defined.
1066 The I<install> target of the generated Makefile copies the files found
1067 below each of the INST_* directories to their INSTALL*
1068 counterparts. Which counterparts are chosen depends on the setting of
1069 INSTALLDIRS according to the following table:
1074 PERLPREFIX SITEPREFIX VENDORPREFIX
1075 INST_ARCHLIB INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALLSITEARCH INSTALLVENDORARCH
1076 INST_LIB INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALLSITELIB INSTALLVENDORLIB
1077 INST_BIN INSTALLBIN INSTALLSITEBIN INSTALLVENDORBIN
1078 INST_SCRIPT INSTALLSCRIPT INSTALLSCRIPT INSTALLSCRIPT
1079 INST_MAN1DIR INSTALLMAN1DIR INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR
1080 INST_MAN3DIR INSTALLMAN3DIR INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
1082 The INSTALL... macros in turn default to their %Config
1083 ($Config{installprivlib}, $Config{installarchlib}, etc.) counterparts.
1085 You can check the values of these variables on your system with
1089 And to check the sequence in which the library directories are
1090 searched by perl, run
1092 perl -le 'print join $/, @INC'
1095 =head2 PREFIX and LIB attribute
1097 PREFIX and LIB can be used to set several INSTALL* attributes in one
1098 go. The quickest way to install a module in a non-standard place might
1101 perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=~
1103 This will install all files in the module under your home directory,
1104 with man pages and libraries going into an appropriate place (usually
1107 Another way to specify many INSTALL directories with a single
1110 perl Makefile.PL LIB=~/lib
1112 This will install the module's architecture-independent files into
1113 ~/lib, the architecture-dependent files into ~/lib/$archname.
1115 Note, that in both cases the tilde expansion is done by MakeMaker, not
1116 by perl by default, nor by make.
1118 Conflicts between parameters LIB, PREFIX and the various INSTALL*
1119 arguments are resolved so that:
1125 setting LIB overrides any setting of INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB,
1126 INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH (and they are not affected by PREFIX);
1130 without LIB, setting PREFIX replaces the initial C<$Config{prefix}>
1131 part of those INSTALL* arguments, even if the latter are explicitly
1132 set (but are set to still start with C<$Config{prefix}>).
1136 If the user has superuser privileges, and is not working on AFS or
1137 relatives, then the defaults for INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB,
1138 INSTALLSCRIPT, etc. will be appropriate, and this incantation will be
1146 make install per default writes some documentation of what has been
1147 done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This feature
1148 can be bypassed by calling make pure_install.
1152 will have to specify the installation directories as these most
1153 probably have changed since perl itself has been installed. They will
1154 have to do this by calling
1156 perl Makefile.PL INSTALLSITELIB=/afs/here/today \
1157 INSTALLSCRIPT=/afs/there/now INSTALLMAN3DIR=/afs/for/manpages
1160 Be careful to repeat this procedure every time you recompile an
1161 extension, unless you are sure the AFS installation directories are
1164 =head2 Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
1166 An extension that is built with the above steps is ready to use on
1167 systems supporting dynamic loading. On systems that do not support
1168 dynamic loading, any newly created extension has to be linked together
1169 with the available resources. MakeMaker supports the linking process
1170 by creating appropriate targets in the Makefile whenever an extension
1171 is built. You can invoke the corresponding section of the makefile with
1175 That produces a new perl binary in the current directory with all
1176 extensions linked in that can be found in INST_ARCHLIB, SITELIBEXP,
1177 and PERL_ARCHLIB. To do that, MakeMaker writes a new Makefile, on
1178 UNIX, this is called Makefile.aperl (may be system dependent). If you
1179 want to force the creation of a new perl, it is recommended, that you
1180 delete this Makefile.aperl, so the directories are searched-through
1181 for linkable libraries again.
1183 The binary can be installed into the directory where perl normally
1184 resides on your machine with
1188 To produce a perl binary with a different name than C<perl>, either say
1190 perl Makefile.PL MAP_TARGET=myperl
1197 make myperl MAP_TARGET=myperl
1198 make inst_perl MAP_TARGET=myperl
1200 In any case you will be prompted with the correct invocation of the
1201 C<inst_perl> target that installs the new binary into INSTALLBIN.
1203 make inst_perl per default writes some documentation of what has been
1204 done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This
1205 can be bypassed by calling make pure_inst_perl.
1207 Warning: the inst_perl: target will most probably overwrite your
1208 existing perl binary. Use with care!
1210 Sometimes you might want to build a statically linked perl although
1211 your system supports dynamic loading. In this case you may explicitly
1212 set the linktype with the invocation of the Makefile.PL or make:
1214 perl Makefile.PL LINKTYPE=static # recommended
1218 make LINKTYPE=static # works on most systems
1220 =head2 Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
1222 MakeMaker needs to know, or to guess, where certain things are
1223 located. Especially INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB (where to put the files
1224 during the make(1) run), PERL_LIB and PERL_ARCHLIB (where to read
1225 existing modules from), and PERL_INC (header files and C<libperl*.*>).
1227 Extensions may be built either using the contents of the perl source
1228 directory tree or from the installed perl library. The recommended way
1229 is to build extensions after you have run 'make install' on perl
1230 itself. You can do that in any directory on your hard disk that is not
1231 below the perl source tree. The support for extensions below the ext
1232 directory of the perl distribution is only good for the standard
1233 extensions that come with perl.
1235 If an extension is being built below the C<ext/> directory of the perl
1236 source then MakeMaker will set PERL_SRC automatically (e.g.,
1237 C<../..>). If PERL_SRC is defined and the extension is recognized as
1238 a standard extension, then other variables default to the following:
1241 PERL_LIB = PERL_SRC/lib
1242 PERL_ARCHLIB = PERL_SRC/lib
1244 INST_ARCHLIB = PERL_ARCHLIB
1246 If an extension is being built away from the perl source then MakeMaker
1247 will leave PERL_SRC undefined and default to using the installed copy
1248 of the perl library. The other variables default to the following:
1250 PERL_INC = $archlibexp/CORE
1251 PERL_LIB = $privlibexp
1252 PERL_ARCHLIB = $archlibexp
1253 INST_LIB = ./blib/lib
1254 INST_ARCHLIB = ./blib/arch
1256 If perl has not yet been installed then PERL_SRC can be defined on the
1257 command line as shown in the previous section.
1260 =head2 Which architecture dependent directory?
1262 If you don't want to keep the defaults for the INSTALL* macros,
1263 MakeMaker helps you to minimize the typing needed: the usual
1264 relationship between INSTALLPRIVLIB and INSTALLARCHLIB is determined
1265 by Configure at perl compilation time. MakeMaker supports the user who
1266 sets INSTALLPRIVLIB. If INSTALLPRIVLIB is set, but INSTALLARCHLIB not,
1267 then MakeMaker defaults the latter to be the same subdirectory of
1268 INSTALLPRIVLIB as Configure decided for the counterparts in %Config ,
1269 otherwise it defaults to INSTALLPRIVLIB. The same relationship holds
1270 for INSTALLSITELIB and INSTALLSITEARCH.
1272 MakeMaker gives you much more freedom than needed to configure
1273 internal variables and get different results. It is worth to mention,
1274 that make(1) also lets you configure most of the variables that are
1275 used in the Makefile. But in the majority of situations this will not
1276 be necessary, and should only be done if the author of a package
1277 recommends it (or you know what you're doing).
1279 =head2 Using Attributes and Parameters
1281 The following attributes may be specified as arguments to WriteMakefile()
1282 or as NAME=VALUE pairs on the command line.
1288 One line description of the module. Will be included in PPD file.
1292 Name of the file that contains the package description. MakeMaker looks
1293 for a line in the POD matching /^($package\s-\s)(.*)/. This is typically
1294 the first line in the "=head1 NAME" section. $2 becomes the abstract.
1298 String containing name (and email address) of package author(s). Is used
1299 in PPD (Perl Package Description) files for PPM (Perl Package Manager).
1301 =item BINARY_LOCATION
1303 Used when creating PPD files for binary packages. It can be set to a
1304 full or relative path or URL to the binary archive for a particular
1305 architecture. For example:
1307 perl Makefile.PL BINARY_LOCATION=x86/Agent.tar.gz
1309 builds a PPD package that references a binary of the C<Agent> package,
1310 located in the C<x86> directory relative to the PPD itself.
1314 Ref to array of *.c file names. Initialised from a directory scan
1315 and the values portion of the XS attribute hash. This is not
1316 currently used by MakeMaker but may be handy in Makefile.PLs.
1320 String that will be included in the compiler call command line between
1321 the arguments INC and OPTIMIZE.
1325 Arrayref. E.g. [qw(archname manext)] defines ARCHNAME & MANEXT from
1326 config.sh. MakeMaker will add to CONFIG the following values anyway:
1346 CODE reference. The subroutine should return a hash reference. The
1347 hash may contain further attributes, e.g. {LIBS =E<gt> ...}, that have to
1348 be determined by some evaluation method.
1352 Something like C<"-DHAVE_UNISTD_H">
1356 This is the root directory into which the code will be installed. It
1357 I<prepends itself to the normal prefix>. For example, if your code
1358 would normally go into /usr/local/lib/perl you could set DESTDIR=/tmp/
1359 and installation would go into /tmp/usr/local/lib/perl.
1361 This is primarily of use for people who repackage Perl modules.
1363 NOTE: Due to the nature of make, it is important that you put the trailing
1364 slash on your DESTDIR. "/tmp/" not "/tmp".
1368 Ref to array of subdirectories containing Makefile.PLs e.g. [ 'sdbm'
1373 A safe filename for the package.
1375 Defaults to NAME above but with :: replaced with -.
1377 For example, Foo::Bar becomes Foo-Bar.
1381 Your name for distributing the package with the version number
1382 included. This is used by 'make dist' to name the resulting archive
1385 Defaults to DISTNAME-VERSION.
1387 For example, version 1.04 of Foo::Bar becomes Foo-Bar-1.04.
1389 On some OS's where . has special meaning VERSION_SYM may be used in
1394 Hashref of symbol names for routines to be made available as universal
1395 symbols. Each key/value pair consists of the package name and an
1396 array of routine names in that package. Used only under AIX, OS/2,
1397 VMS and Win32 at present. The routine names supplied will be expanded
1398 in the same way as XSUB names are expanded by the XS() macro.
1401 {"$(NAME)" => ["boot_$(NAME)" ] }
1405 {"RPC" => [qw( boot_rpcb rpcb_gettime getnetconfigent )],
1406 "NetconfigPtr" => [ 'DESTROY'] }
1408 Please see the L<ExtUtils::Mksymlists> documentation for more information
1409 about the DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS and FUNCLIST attributes.
1413 Array of symbol names for variables to be made available as universal symbols.
1414 Used only under AIX, OS/2, VMS and Win32 at present. Defaults to [].
1415 (e.g. [ qw(Foo_version Foo_numstreams Foo_tree ) ])
1419 Array of extension names to exclude when doing a static build. This
1420 is ignored if INCLUDE_EXT is present. Consult INCLUDE_EXT for more
1421 details. (e.g. [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ] )
1423 This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
1424 command line: perl Makefile.PL EXCLUDE_EXT='Socket Safe'
1428 Ref to array of executable files. The files will be copied to the
1429 INST_SCRIPT directory. Make realclean will delete them from there
1432 If your executables start with something like #!perl or
1433 #!/usr/bin/perl MakeMaker will change this to the path of the perl
1434 'Makefile.PL' was invoked with so the programs will be sure to run
1435 properly even if perl is not in /usr/bin/perl.
1437 =item FIRST_MAKEFILE
1439 The name of the Makefile to be produced. This is used for the second
1440 Makefile that will be produced for the MAP_TARGET.
1442 Defaults to 'Makefile' or 'Descrip.MMS' on VMS.
1444 (Note: we couldn't use MAKEFILE because dmake uses this for something
1449 Perl binary able to run this extension, load XS modules, etc...
1453 Like PERLRUN, except it uses FULLPERL.
1455 =item FULLPERLRUNINST
1457 Like PERLRUNINST, except it uses FULLPERL.
1461 This provides an alternate means to specify function names to be
1462 exported from the extension. Its value is a reference to an
1463 array of function names to be exported by the extension. These
1464 names are passed through unaltered to the linker options file.
1468 Ref to array of *.h file names. Similar to C.
1472 This attribute is used to specify names to be imported into the
1473 extension. Takes a hash ref.
1475 It is only used on OS/2 and Win32.
1479 Include file dirs eg: C<"-I/usr/5include -I/path/to/inc">
1483 Array of extension names to be included when doing a static build.
1484 MakeMaker will normally build with all of the installed extensions when
1485 doing a static build, and that is usually the desired behavior. If
1486 INCLUDE_EXT is present then MakeMaker will build only with those extensions
1487 which are explicitly mentioned. (e.g. [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ])
1489 It is not necessary to mention DynaLoader or the current extension when
1490 filling in INCLUDE_EXT. If the INCLUDE_EXT is mentioned but is empty then
1491 only DynaLoader and the current extension will be included in the build.
1493 This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
1494 command line: perl Makefile.PL INCLUDE_EXT='POSIX Socket Devel::Peek'
1496 =item INSTALLARCHLIB
1498 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1499 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
1503 Directory to install binary files (e.g. tkperl) into if
1508 Determines which of the sets of installation directories to choose:
1509 perl, site or vendor. Defaults to site.
1511 =item INSTALLMAN1DIR
1513 =item INSTALLMAN3DIR
1515 These directories get the man pages at 'make install' time if
1516 INSTALLDIRS=perl. Defaults to $Config{installman*dir}.
1518 If set to 'none', no man pages will be installed.
1520 =item INSTALLPRIVLIB
1522 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1523 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
1525 Defaults to $Config{installprivlib}.
1529 Used by 'make install' which copies files from INST_SCRIPT to this
1532 =item INSTALLSITEARCH
1534 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1535 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1537 =item INSTALLSITEBIN
1539 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_BIN to this
1540 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1542 =item INSTALLSITELIB
1544 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1545 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1547 =item INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR
1549 =item INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR
1551 These directories get the man pages at 'make install' time if
1552 INSTALLDIRS=site (default). Defaults to
1553 $(SITEPREFIX)/man/man$(MAN*EXT).
1555 If set to 'none', no man pages will be installed.
1557 =item INSTALLVENDORARCH
1559 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1560 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor.
1562 =item INSTALLVENDORBIN
1564 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_BIN to this
1565 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor.
1567 =item INSTALLVENDORLIB
1569 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1570 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor.
1572 =item INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR
1574 =item INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
1576 These directories get the man pages at 'make install' time if
1577 INSTALLDIRS=vendor. Defaults to $(VENDORPREFIX)/man/man$(MAN*EXT).
1579 If set to 'none', no man pages will be installed.
1583 Same as INST_LIB for architecture dependent files.
1587 Directory to put real binary files during 'make'. These will be copied
1588 to INSTALLBIN during 'make install'
1592 Directory where we put library files of this extension while building
1597 Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
1601 Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
1605 Directory, where executable files should be installed during
1606 'make'. Defaults to "./blib/script", just to have a dummy location during
1607 testing. make install will copy the files in INST_SCRIPT to
1612 Program to be used to link libraries for dynamic loading.
1614 Defaults to $Config{ld}.
1618 Any special flags that might need to be passed to ld to create a
1619 shared library suitable for dynamic loading. It is up to the makefile
1620 to use it. (See L<Config/lddlflags>)
1622 Defaults to $Config{lddlflags}.
1626 Defaults to "$(OBJECT)" and is used in the ld command to specify
1627 what files to link/load from (also see dynamic_lib below for how to
1632 LIB should only be set at C<perl Makefile.PL> time but is allowed as a
1633 MakeMaker argument. It has the effect of setting both INSTALLPRIVLIB
1634 and INSTALLSITELIB to that value regardless any explicit setting of
1635 those arguments (or of PREFIX). INSTALLARCHLIB and INSTALLSITEARCH
1636 are set to the corresponding architecture subdirectory.
1640 The filename of the perllibrary that will be used together with this
1641 extension. Defaults to libperl.a.
1645 An anonymous array of alternative library
1646 specifications to be searched for (in order) until
1647 at least one library is found. E.g.
1649 'LIBS' => ["-lgdbm", "-ldbm -lfoo", "-L/path -ldbm.nfs"]
1651 Mind, that any element of the array
1652 contains a complete set of arguments for the ld
1653 command. So do not specify
1655 'LIBS' => ["-ltcl", "-ltk", "-lX11"]
1657 See ODBM_File/Makefile.PL for an example, where an array is needed. If
1658 you specify a scalar as in
1660 'LIBS' => "-ltcl -ltk -lX11"
1662 MakeMaker will turn it into an array with one element.
1666 'static' or 'dynamic' (default unless usedl=undef in
1667 config.sh). Should only be used to force static linking (also see
1672 Boolean which tells MakeMaker, that it should include the rules to
1673 make a perl. This is handled automatically as a switch by
1674 MakeMaker. The user normally does not need it.
1678 When 'make clean' or similar is run, the $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) will be
1679 backed up at this location.
1681 Defaults to $(FIRST_MAKEFILE).old or $(FIRST_MAKEFILE)_old on VMS.
1685 Hashref of pod-containing files. MakeMaker will default this to all
1686 EXE_FILES files that include POD directives. The files listed
1687 here will be converted to man pages and installed as was requested
1692 Hashref that assigns to *.pm and *.pod files the files into which the
1693 manpages are to be written. MakeMaker parses all *.pod and *.pm files
1694 for POD directives. Files that contain POD will be the default keys of
1695 the MAN3PODS hashref. These will then be converted to man pages during
1696 C<make> and will be installed during C<make install>.
1700 If it is intended, that a new perl binary be produced, this variable
1701 may hold a name for that binary. Defaults to perl
1705 If the extension links to a library that it builds set this to the
1706 name of the library (see SDBM_File)
1710 Perl module name for this extension (DBD::Oracle). This will default
1711 to the directory name but should be explicitly defined in the
1716 MakeMaker will figure out if an extension contains linkable code
1717 anywhere down the directory tree, and will set this variable
1718 accordingly, but you can speed it up a very little bit if you define
1719 this boolean variable yourself.
1723 Command so make does not print the literal commands its running.
1725 By setting it to an empty string you can generate a Makefile that
1726 prints all commands. Mainly used in debugging MakeMaker itself.
1732 Boolean. Attribute to inhibit descending into subdirectories.
1736 When true, suppresses the generation and addition to the MANIFEST of
1737 the META.yml module meta-data file during 'make distdir'.
1743 In general, any generated Makefile checks for the current version of
1744 MakeMaker and the version the Makefile was built under. If NO_VC is
1745 set, the version check is neglected. Do not write this into your
1746 Makefile.PL, use it interactively instead.
1750 List of object files, defaults to '$(BASEEXT)$(OBJ_EXT)', but can be a long
1751 string containing all object files, e.g. "tkpBind.o
1752 tkpButton.o tkpCanvas.o"
1754 (Where BASEEXT is the last component of NAME, and OBJ_EXT is $Config{obj_ext}.)
1758 Defaults to C<-O>. Set it to C<-g> to turn debugging on. The flag is
1759 passed to subdirectory makes.
1763 Perl binary for tasks that can be done by miniperl
1767 Set only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1772 The call to the program that is able to compile perlmain.c. Defaults
1777 Same as for PERL_LIB, but for architecture dependent files.
1779 Used only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1780 distribution (because normally $(PERL_ARCHLIB) is automatically in @INC,
1781 and adding it would get in the way of PERL5LIB).
1785 Directory containing the Perl library to use.
1787 Used only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1788 distribution (because normally $(PERL_LIB) is automatically in @INC,
1789 and adding it would get in the way of PERL5LIB).
1791 =item PERL_MALLOC_OK
1793 defaults to 0. Should be set to TRUE if the extension can work with
1794 the memory allocation routines substituted by the Perl malloc() subsystem.
1795 This should be applicable to most extensions with exceptions of those
1801 with bugs in memory allocations which are caught by Perl's malloc();
1805 which interact with the memory allocator in other ways than via
1806 malloc(), realloc(), free(), calloc(), sbrk() and brk();
1810 which rely on special alignment which is not provided by Perl's malloc().
1814 B<NOTE.> Negligence to set this flag in I<any one> of loaded extension
1815 nullifies many advantages of Perl's malloc(), such as better usage of
1816 system resources, error detection, memory usage reporting, catchable failure
1817 of memory allocations, etc.
1821 Directory under which core modules are to be installed.
1823 Defaults to $Config{installprefixexp} falling back to
1824 $Config{installprefix}, $Config{prefixexp} or $Config{prefix} should
1825 $Config{installprefixexp} not exist.
1827 Overridden by PREFIX.
1831 Use this instead of $(PERL) when you wish to run perl. It will set up
1832 extra necessary flags for you.
1836 Use this instead of $(PERL) when you wish to run perl to work with
1837 modules. It will add things like -I$(INST_ARCH) and other necessary
1838 flags so perl can see the modules you're about to install.
1842 Directory containing the Perl source code (use of this should be
1843 avoided, it may be undefined)
1847 Desired permission for read/writable files. Defaults to C<644>.
1848 See also L<MM_Unix/perm_rw>.
1852 Desired permission for executable files. Defaults to C<755>.
1853 See also L<MM_Unix/perm_rwx>.
1857 Ref to hash of files to be processed as perl programs. MakeMaker
1858 will default to any found *.PL file (except Makefile.PL) being keys
1859 and the basename of the file being the value. E.g.
1861 {'foobar.PL' => 'foobar'}
1863 The *.PL files are expected to produce output to the target files
1864 themselves. If multiple files can be generated from the same *.PL
1865 file then the value in the hash can be a reference to an array of
1866 target file names. E.g.
1868 {'foobar.PL' => ['foobar1','foobar2']}
1872 Hashref of .pm files and *.pl files to be installed. e.g.
1874 {'name_of_file.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/install_as.pm'}
1876 By default this will include *.pm and *.pl and the files found in
1877 the PMLIBDIRS directories. Defining PM in the
1878 Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
1882 Ref to array of subdirectories containing library files. Defaults to
1883 [ 'lib', $(BASEEXT) ]. The directories will be scanned and I<any> files
1884 they contain will be installed in the corresponding location in the
1885 library. A libscan() method can be used to alter the behaviour.
1886 Defining PM in the Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
1888 (Where BASEEXT is the last component of NAME.)
1892 A filter program, in the traditional Unix sense (input from stdin, output
1893 to stdout) that is passed on each .pm file during the build (in the
1894 pm_to_blib() phase). It is empty by default, meaning no filtering is done.
1896 Great care is necessary when defining the command if quoting needs to be
1897 done. For instance, you would need to say:
1899 {'PM_FILTER' => 'grep -v \\"^\\#\\"'}
1901 to remove all the leading coments on the fly during the build. The
1902 extra \\ are necessary, unfortunately, because this variable is interpolated
1903 within the context of a Perl program built on the command line, and double
1904 quotes are what is used with the -e switch to build that command line. The
1905 # is escaped for the Makefile, since what is going to be generated will then
1908 PM_FILTER = grep -v \"^\#\"
1910 Without the \\ before the #, we'd have the start of a Makefile comment,
1911 and the macro would be incorrectly defined.
1915 Release 5.005 grandfathered old global symbol names by providing preprocessor
1916 macros for extension source compatibility. As of release 5.6, these
1917 preprocessor definitions are not available by default. The POLLUTE flag
1918 specifies that the old names should still be defined:
1920 perl Makefile.PL POLLUTE=1
1922 Please inform the module author if this is necessary to successfully install
1923 a module under 5.6 or later.
1925 =item PPM_INSTALL_EXEC
1927 Name of the executable used to run C<PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT> below. (e.g. perl)
1929 =item PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT
1931 Name of the script that gets executed by the Perl Package Manager after
1932 the installation of a package.
1936 This overrides all the default install locations. Man pages,
1937 libraries, scripts, etc... MakeMaker will try to make an educated
1938 guess about where to place things under the new PREFIX based on your
1939 Config defaults. Failing that, it will fall back to a structure
1940 which should be sensible for your platform.
1942 If you specify LIB or any INSTALL* variables they will not be effected
1947 Bool. If this parameter is true, failing to have the required modules
1948 (or the right versions thereof) will be fatal. perl Makefile.PL will die
1949 with the proper message.
1951 Note: see L<Test::Harness> for a shortcut for stopping tests early if
1952 you are missing dependencies.
1954 Do I<not> use this parameter for simple requirements, which could be resolved
1955 at a later time, e.g. after an unsuccessful B<make test> of your module.
1957 It is I<extremely> rare to have to use C<PREREQ_FATAL> at all!
1961 Hashref: Names of modules that need to be available to run this
1962 extension (e.g. Fcntl for SDBM_File) are the keys of the hash and the
1963 desired version is the value. If the required version number is 0, we
1964 only check if any version is installed already.
1968 Bool. If this parameter is true, the prerequisites will be printed to
1969 stdout and MakeMaker will exit. The output format is
1979 RedHatism for C<PREREQ_PRINT>. The output format is different, though:
1981 perl(A::B)>=Vers1 perl(C::D)>=Vers2 ...
1985 Like PERLPREFIX, but only for the site install locations.
1987 Defaults to $Config{siteprefixexp}. Perls prior to 5.6.0 didn't have
1988 an explicit siteprefix in the Config. In those cases
1989 $Config{installprefix} will be used.
1991 Overridable by PREFIX
1995 Arrayref. E.g. [qw(name1 name2)] skip (do not write) sections of the
1996 Makefile. Caution! Do not use the SKIP attribute for the negligible
1997 speedup. It may seriously damage the resulting Makefile. Only use it
1998 if you really need it.
2002 Ref to array of typemap file names. Use this when the typemaps are
2003 in some directory other than the current directory or when they are
2004 not named B<typemap>. The last typemap in the list takes
2005 precedence. A typemap in the current directory has highest
2006 precedence, even if it isn't listed in TYPEMAPS. The default system
2007 typemap has lowest precedence.
2011 Like PERLPREFIX, but only for the vendor install locations.
2013 Defaults to $Config{vendorprefixexp}.
2015 Overridable by PREFIX
2019 If true, make install will be verbose
2023 Your version number for distributing the package. This defaults to
2028 Instead of specifying the VERSION in the Makefile.PL you can let
2029 MakeMaker parse a file to determine the version number. The parsing
2030 routine requires that the file named by VERSION_FROM contains one
2031 single line to compute the version number. The first line in the file
2032 that contains the regular expression
2034 /([\$*])(([\w\:\']*)\bVERSION)\b.*\=/
2036 will be evaluated with eval() and the value of the named variable
2037 B<after> the eval() will be assigned to the VERSION attribute of the
2038 MakeMaker object. The following lines will be parsed o.k.:
2042 $VERSION = sprintf "%d.%03d", q$Revision: 1.130 $ =~ /(\d+)/g;
2043 $FOO::VERSION = '1.10';
2044 *FOO::VERSION = \'1.11';
2045 our $VERSION = 1.2.3; # new for perl5.6.0
2047 but these will fail:
2049 my $VERSION = '1.01';
2050 local $VERSION = '1.02';
2051 local $FOO::VERSION = '1.30';
2053 (Putting C<my> or C<local> on the preceding line will work o.k.)
2055 The file named in VERSION_FROM is not added as a dependency to
2056 Makefile. This is not really correct, but it would be a major pain
2057 during development to have to rewrite the Makefile for any smallish
2058 change in that file. If you want to make sure that the Makefile
2059 contains the correct VERSION macro after any change of the file, you
2060 would have to do something like
2062 depend => { Makefile => '$(VERSION_FROM)' }
2064 See attribute C<depend> below.
2068 A sanitized VERSION with . replaced by _. For places where . has
2069 special meaning (some filesystems, RCS labels, etc...)
2073 Hashref of .xs files. MakeMaker will default this. e.g.
2075 {'name_of_file.xs' => 'name_of_file.c'}
2077 The .c files will automatically be included in the list of files
2078 deleted by a make clean.
2082 String of options to pass to xsubpp. This might include C<-C++> or
2083 C<-extern>. Do not include typemaps here; the TYPEMAP parameter exists for
2088 May be set to an empty string, which is identical to C<-prototypes>, or
2089 C<-noprototypes>. See the xsubpp documentation for details. MakeMaker
2090 defaults to the empty string.
2094 Your version number for the .xs file of this package. This defaults
2095 to the value of the VERSION attribute.
2099 =head2 Additional lowercase attributes
2101 can be used to pass parameters to the methods which implement that
2102 part of the Makefile. Parameters are specified as a hash ref but are
2103 passed to the method as a hash.
2109 {FILES => "*.xyz foo"}
2113 {ANY_TARGET => ANY_DEPENDECY, ...}
2115 (ANY_TARGET must not be given a double-colon rule by MakeMaker.)
2119 {TARFLAGS => 'cvfF', COMPRESS => 'gzip', SUFFIX => '.gz',
2120 SHAR => 'shar -m', DIST_CP => 'ln', ZIP => '/bin/zip',
2121 ZIPFLAGS => '-rl', DIST_DEFAULT => 'private tardist' }
2123 If you specify COMPRESS, then SUFFIX should also be altered, as it is
2124 needed to tell make the target file of the compression. Setting
2125 DIST_CP to ln can be useful, if you need to preserve the timestamps on
2126 your files. DIST_CP can take the values 'cp', which copies the file,
2127 'ln', which links the file, and 'best' which copies symbolic links and
2128 links the rest. Default is 'best'.
2132 {ARMAYBE => 'ar', OTHERLDFLAGS => '...', INST_DYNAMIC_DEP => '...'}
2136 {LINKTYPE => 'static', 'dynamic' or ''}
2138 NB: Extensions that have nothing but *.pm files had to say
2142 with Pre-5.0 MakeMakers. Since version 5.00 of MakeMaker such a line
2143 can be deleted safely. MakeMaker recognizes when there's nothing to
2148 {ANY_MACRO => ANY_VALUE, ...}
2152 Anything put here will be passed to MY::postamble() if you have one.
2156 {FILES => '$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/*.xyz'}
2162 =item tool_autosplit
2168 =head2 Overriding MakeMaker Methods
2170 If you cannot achieve the desired Makefile behaviour by specifying
2171 attributes you may define private subroutines in the Makefile.PL.
2172 Each subroutine returns the text it wishes to have written to
2173 the Makefile. To override a section of the Makefile you can
2176 sub MY::c_o { "new literal text" }
2178 or you can edit the default by saying something like:
2180 package MY; # so that "SUPER" works right
2182 my $inherited = shift->SUPER::c_o(@_);
2183 $inherited =~ s/old text/new text/;
2187 If you are running experiments with embedding perl as a library into
2188 other applications, you might find MakeMaker is not sufficient. You'd
2189 better have a look at ExtUtils::Embed which is a collection of utilities
2192 If you still need a different solution, try to develop another
2193 subroutine that fits your needs and submit the diffs to
2194 F<makemaker@perl.org>
2196 For a complete description of all MakeMaker methods see
2197 L<ExtUtils::MM_Unix>.
2199 Here is a simple example of how to add a new target to the generated
2203 return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
2204 $(MYEXTLIB): sdbm/Makefile
2205 cd sdbm && $(MAKE) all
2210 =head2 The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
2212 WriteMakefile() now does some basic sanity checks on its parameters to
2213 protect against typos and malformatted values. This means some things
2214 which happened to work in the past will now throw warnings and
2215 possibly produce internal errors.
2217 Some of the most common mistakes:
2221 =item C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
2223 This is commonly used to supress the creation of man pages. MAN3PODS
2224 takes a hash ref not a string, but the above worked by accident in old
2225 versions of MakeMaker.
2227 The correct code is C<<MAN3PODS => { }>>.
2232 =head2 Hintsfile support
2234 MakeMaker.pm uses the architecture specific information from
2235 Config.pm. In addition it evaluates architecture specific hints files
2236 in a C<hints/> directory. The hints files are expected to be named
2237 like their counterparts in C<PERL_SRC/hints>, but with an C<.pl> file
2238 name extension (eg. C<next_3_2.pl>). They are simply C<eval>ed by
2239 MakeMaker within the WriteMakefile() subroutine, and can be used to
2240 execute commands as well as to include special variables. The rules
2241 which hintsfile is chosen are the same as in Configure.
2243 The hintsfile is eval()ed immediately after the arguments given to
2244 WriteMakefile are stuffed into a hash reference $self but before this
2245 reference becomes blessed. So if you want to do the equivalent to
2246 override or create an attribute you would say something like
2248 $self->{LIBS} = ['-ldbm -lucb -lc'];
2250 =head2 Distribution Support
2252 For authors of extensions MakeMaker provides several Makefile
2253 targets. Most of the support comes from the ExtUtils::Manifest module,
2254 where additional documentation can be found.
2258 =item make distcheck
2260 reports which files are below the build directory but not in the
2261 MANIFEST file and vice versa. (See ExtUtils::Manifest::fullcheck() for
2264 =item make skipcheck
2266 reports which files are skipped due to the entries in the
2267 C<MANIFEST.SKIP> file (See ExtUtils::Manifest::skipcheck() for
2270 =item make distclean
2272 does a realclean first and then the distcheck. Note that this is not
2273 needed to build a new distribution as long as you are sure that the
2274 MANIFEST file is ok.
2278 rewrites the MANIFEST file, adding all remaining files found (See
2279 ExtUtils::Manifest::mkmanifest() for details)
2283 Copies all the files that are in the MANIFEST file to a newly created
2284 directory with the name C<$(DISTNAME)-$(VERSION)>. If that directory
2285 exists, it will be removed first.
2287 Additionally, it will create a META.yml module meta-data file and add
2288 this to your MANFIEST. You can shut this behavior off with the NO_META
2293 Makes a distdir first, and runs a C<perl Makefile.PL>, a make, and
2294 a make test in that directory.
2298 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2299 command, followed by $(TOUNIX), which defaults to a null command under
2300 UNIX, and will convert files in distribution directory to UNIX format
2301 otherwise. Next it runs C<tar> on that directory into a tarfile and
2302 deletes the directory. Finishes with a command $(POSTOP) which
2303 defaults to a null command.
2307 Defaults to $(DIST_DEFAULT) which in turn defaults to tardist.
2309 =item make uutardist
2311 Runs a tardist first and uuencodes the tarfile.
2315 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2316 command. Next it runs C<shar> on that directory into a sharfile and
2317 deletes the intermediate directory again. Finishes with a command
2318 $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command. Note: For shdist to work
2319 properly a C<shar> program that can handle directories is mandatory.
2323 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2324 command. Runs C<$(ZIP) $(ZIPFLAGS)> on that directory into a
2325 zipfile. Then deletes that directory. Finishes with a command
2326 $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command.
2330 Does a $(CI) and a $(RCS_LABEL) on all files in the MANIFEST file.
2334 Customization of the dist targets can be done by specifying a hash
2335 reference to the dist attribute of the WriteMakefile call. The
2336 following parameters are recognized:
2339 COMPRESS ('gzip --best')
2342 TO_UNIX (depends on the system)
2343 RCS_LABEL ('rcs -q -Nv$(VERSION_SYM):')
2353 WriteMakefile( 'dist' => { COMPRESS=>"bzip2", SUFFIX=>".bz2" })
2356 =head2 Module Meta-Data
2358 Long plaguing users of MakeMaker based modules has been the problem of
2359 getting basic information about the module out of the sources
2360 I<without> running the F<Makefile.PL> and doing a bunch of messy
2361 heuristics on the resulting F<Makefile>. To this end a simple module
2362 meta-data file has been introduced, F<META.yml>.
2364 F<META.yml> is a YAML document (see http://www.yaml.org) containing
2365 basic information about the module (name, version, prerequisites...)
2366 in an easy to read format. The format is developed and defined by the
2367 Module::Build developers (see
2368 http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec.html)
2370 MakeMaker will automatically generate a F<META.yml> file for you and
2371 add it to your F<MANIFEST> as part of the 'distdir' target (and thus
2372 the 'dist' target). This is intended to seamlessly and rapidly
2373 populate CPAN with module meta-data. If you wish to shut this feature
2374 off, set the C<NO_META> C<WriteMakefile()> flag to true.
2377 =head2 Disabling an extension
2379 If some events detected in F<Makefile.PL> imply that there is no way
2380 to create the Module, but this is a normal state of things, then you
2381 can create a F<Makefile> which does nothing, but succeeds on all the
2382 "usual" build targets. To do so, use
2384 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::WriteEmptyMakefile();
2386 instead of WriteMakefile().
2388 This may be useful if other modules expect this module to be I<built>
2389 OK, as opposed to I<work> OK (say, this system-dependent module builds
2390 in a subdirectory of some other distribution, or is listed as a
2391 dependency in a CPAN::Bundle, but the functionality is supported by
2392 different means on the current architecture).
2394 =head2 Other Handy Functions
2400 my $value = prompt($message);
2401 my $value = prompt($message, $default);
2403 The C<prompt()> function provides an easy way to request user input
2404 used to write a makefile. It displays the $message as a prompt for
2405 input. If a $default is provided it will be used as a default. The
2406 function returns the $value selected by the user.
2408 If C<prompt()> detects that it is not running interactively and there
2409 is nothing on STDIN or if the PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT environment variable
2410 is set to true, the $default will be used without prompting. This
2411 prevents automated processes from blocking on user input.
2413 If no $default is provided an empty string will be used instead.
2424 Command line options used by C<MakeMaker-E<gt>new()>, and thus by
2425 C<WriteMakefile()>. The string is split on whitespace, and the result
2426 is processed before any actual command line arguments are processed.
2428 =item PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
2430 If set to a true value then MakeMaker's prompt function will
2431 always return the default without waiting for user input.
2437 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::Manifest ExtUtils::Install,
2442 Andy Dougherty <F<doughera@lafayette.edu>>, Andreas KE<ouml>nig
2443 <F<andreas.koenig@mind.de>>, Tim Bunce <F<timb@cpan.org>>. VMS
2444 support by Charles Bailey <F<bailey@newman.upenn.edu>>. OS/2 support
2445 by Ilya Zakharevich <F<ilya@math.ohio-state.edu>>.
2447 Currently maintained by Michael G Schwern <F<schwern@pobox.com>>
2449 Send patches and ideas to <F<makemaker@perl.org>>.
2451 Send bug reports via http://rt.cpan.org/. Please send your
2452 generated Makefile along with your report.
2454 For more up-to-date information, see http://www.makemaker.org.
2458 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2459 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2461 See F<http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html>