1 BEGIN {require 5.002;} # MakeMaker 5.17 was the last MakeMaker that was compatible with perl5.001m
3 package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
6 $Version_OK = "5.17"; # Makefiles older than $Version_OK will die
7 # (Will be checked from MakeMaker version 4.13 onwards)
8 ($Revision = substr(q$Revision: 1.4 $, 10)) =~ s/\s+$//;
17 @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $AUTOLOAD
18 $ISA_TTY $Revision $VERSION $Verbose $Version_OK %Config
19 %Keep_after_flush %MM_Sections %Prepend_dot_dot
20 %Recognized_Att_Keys @Get_from_Config @MM_Sections @Overridable
25 # &DynaLoader::mod2fname should be available to miniperl, thus
26 # should be a pseudo-builtin (cmp. os2.c).
27 #eval {require DynaLoader;};
30 # Set up the inheritance before we pull in the MM_* packages, because they
31 # import variables and functions from here
34 @EXPORT = qw(&WriteMakefile &writeMakefile $Verbose &prompt);
35 @EXPORT_OK = qw($VERSION &Version_check &neatvalue &mkbootstrap &mksymlists);
38 # Dummy package MM inherits actual methods from OS-specific
39 # default packages. We use this intermediate package so
40 # MY::XYZ->func() can call MM->func() and get the proper
41 # default routine without having to know under what OS
44 @MM::ISA = qw[ExtUtils::MM_Unix ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid ExtUtils::MakeMaker];
47 # Setup dummy package:
48 # MY exists for overriding methods to be defined within
53 ### sub AUTOLOAD { use Devel::Symdump; print Devel::Symdump->rnew->as_string; Carp::confess "hey why? $AUTOLOAD" }
58 # "predeclare the package: we only load it via AUTOLOAD
59 # but we have already mentioned it in @ISA
60 package ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid;
62 package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
64 # Now we can pull in the friends
66 my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
67 my $Is_OS2 = $^O eq 'os2';
68 my $Is_Mac = $^O eq 'MacOS';
69 my $Is_Win32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
70 my $Is_Cygwin = $^O eq 'cygwin';
71 my $Is_NetWare = $Config{osname} eq 'NetWare';
72 my $Is_BeOS = $^O =~ /beos/i; # XXX should this be that loose?
74 require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
77 require ExtUtils::MM_VMS;
78 require VMS::Filespec; # is a noop as long as we require it within MM_VMS
81 require ExtUtils::MM_OS2;
84 require ExtUtils::MM_MacOS;
87 require ExtUtils::MM_NW5;
91 require ExtUtils::MM_Win32;
94 require ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin;
97 require ExtUtils::MM_BeOS;
102 # The use of the Version_check target has been dropped between perl
103 # 5.5.63 and 5.5.64. We must keep the subroutine for a while so that
104 # old Makefiles can satisfy the Version_check target.
107 my($checkversion) = @_;
108 die "Your Makefile was built with ExtUtils::MakeMaker v $checkversion.
109 Current Version is $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::VERSION. There have been considerable
110 changes in the meantime.
111 Please rerun 'perl Makefile.PL' to regenerate the Makefile.\n"
112 if $checkversion < $Version_OK;
113 printf STDOUT "%s %s %s %s.\n", "Makefile built with ExtUtils::MakeMaker v",
114 $checkversion, "Current Version is", $VERSION
115 unless $checkversion == $VERSION;
119 $_[0] =~ /^Use of uninitialized value/ && return;
120 $_[0] =~ /used only once/ && return;
121 $_[0] =~ /^Subroutine\s+[\w:]+\s+redefined/ && return;
126 Carp::croak "WriteMakefile: Need even number of args" if @_ % 2;
127 local $SIG{__WARN__} = \&warnhandler;
130 MM->new(\%att)->flush;
135 $ISA_TTY = -t STDIN && (-t STDOUT || !(-f STDOUT || -c STDOUT)) ; # Pipe?
136 Carp::confess("prompt function called without an argument") unless defined $mess;
137 my $dispdef = defined $def ? "[$def] " : " ";
138 $def = defined $def ? $def : "";
141 print "$mess $dispdef";
142 if ($ISA_TTY && !$ENV{PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT}) {
143 chomp($ans = <STDIN>);
147 return ($ans ne '') ? $ans : $def;
150 sub eval_in_subdirs {
152 use Cwd qw(cwd abs_path);
154 local @INC = map eval {abs_path($_) if -e} || $_, @INC;
156 foreach my $dir (@{$self->{DIR}}){
157 my($abs) = $self->catdir($pwd,$dir);
158 $self->eval_in_x($abs);
166 chdir $dir or Carp::carp("Couldn't change to directory $dir: $!");
168 eval { do './Makefile.PL' };
170 # if ($@ =~ /prerequisites/) {
171 # die "MakeMaker WARNING: $@";
173 # warn "WARNING from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
175 warn "WARNING from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
182 # package name for the classes into which the first object will be blessed
183 $PACKNAME = "PACK000";
185 my @attrib_help = qw/
187 AUTHOR ABSTRACT ABSTRACT_FROM BINARY_LOCATION
188 C CAPI CCFLAGS CONFIG CONFIGURE DEFINE DIR DISTNAME DL_FUNCS DL_VARS
189 EXCLUDE_EXT EXE_FILES FIRST_MAKEFILE FULLPERL FUNCLIST H
190 HTMLLIBPODS HTMLSCRIPTPODS IMPORTS
191 INC INCLUDE_EXT INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALLBIN INSTALLDIRS INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR
192 INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR INSTALLMAN1DIR
193 INSTALLMAN3DIR INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALLSCRIPT INSTALLSITEARCH
194 INSTALLSITELIB INST_ARCHLIB INST_BIN INST_EXE INST_LIB
195 INST_HTMLLIBDIR INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR
196 INST_MAN1DIR INST_MAN3DIR INST_SCRIPT LDFROM LIB LIBPERL_A LIBS
197 LINKTYPE MAKEAPERL MAKEFILE MAN1PODS MAN3PODS MAP_TARGET MYEXTLIB
199 NAME NEEDS_LINKING NOECHO NORECURS NO_VC OBJECT OPTIMIZE PERL PERLMAINCC
200 PERLRUN PERLRUNINST PERL_ARCHLIB PERL_CORE
201 PERL_LIB PERL_SRC PERM_RW PERM_RWX
202 PL_FILES PM PM_FILTER PMLIBDIRS POLLUTE PPM_INSTALL_EXEC
203 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT PREFIX
204 PREREQ_FATAL PREREQ_PM PREREQ_PRINT PRINT_PREREQ
205 SKIP TEST_LIBS TYPEMAPS VERSION VERSION_FROM XS XSOPT XSPROTOARG
206 XS_VERSION clean depend dist dynamic_lib linkext macro realclean
208 MACPERL_SRC MACPERL_LIB MACLIBS_68K MACLIBS_PPC MACLIBS_SC MACLIBS_MRC
209 MACLIBS_ALL_68K MACLIBS_ALL_PPC MACLIBS_SHARED
212 # IMPORTS is used under OS/2 and Win32
214 # @Overridable is close to @MM_Sections but not identical. The
215 # order is important. Many subroutines declare macros. These
216 # depend on each other. Let's try to collect the macros up front,
217 # then pasthru, then the rules.
219 # MM_Sections are the sections we have to call explicitly
220 # in Overridable we have subroutines that are used indirectly
226 post_initialize const_config constants tool_autosplit tool_xsubpp
227 tools_other dist macro depend cflags const_loadlibs const_cccmd
232 c_o xs_c xs_o top_targets linkext dlsyms dynamic dynamic_bs
233 dynamic_lib static static_lib htmlifypods manifypods processPL
235 clean realclean dist_basics dist_core dist_dir dist_test dist_ci
236 install force perldepend makefile staticmake test ppd
238 ); # loses section ordering
240 @Overridable = @MM_Sections;
241 push @Overridable, qw[
243 dir_target libscan makeaperl needs_linking perm_rw perm_rwx
244 subdir_x test_via_harness test_via_script
247 push @MM_Sections, qw[
249 pm_to_blib selfdocument
253 # Postamble needs to be the last that was always the case
254 push @MM_Sections, "postamble";
255 push @Overridable, "postamble";
257 # All sections are valid keys.
258 @Recognized_Att_Keys{@MM_Sections} = (1) x @MM_Sections;
260 # we will use all these variables in the Makefile
263 ar cc cccdlflags ccdlflags dlext dlsrc ld lddlflags ldflags libc
264 lib_ext obj_ext osname osvers ranlib sitelibexp sitearchexp so
268 foreach my $item (@attrib_help){
269 $Recognized_Att_Keys{$item} = 1;
271 foreach my $item (@Get_from_Config) {
272 $Recognized_Att_Keys{uc $item} = $Config{$item};
273 print "Attribute '\U$item\E' => '$Config{$item}'\n"
278 # When we eval a Makefile.PL in a subdirectory, that one will ask
279 # us (the parent) for the values and will prepend "..", so that
280 # all files to be installed end up below OUR ./blib
285 INST_BIN 1 INST_EXE 1 INST_LIB 1 INST_ARCHLIB 1 INST_SCRIPT 1
286 MAP_TARGET 1 INST_HTMLLIBDIR 1 INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR 1
287 INST_MAN1DIR 1 INST_MAN3DIR 1 PERL_SRC 1 PERL 1 FULLPERL 1
292 NEEDS_LINKING HAS_LINK_CODE
294 @Keep_after_flush{@keep} = (1) x @keep;
300 The extension you are trying to build apparently is rather old and
301 most probably outdated. We detect that from the fact, that a
302 subroutine "writeMakefile" is called, and this subroutine is not
303 supported anymore since about October 1994.
305 Please contact the author or look into CPAN (details about CPAN can be
306 found in the FAQ and at http:/www.perl.com) for a more recent version
307 of the extension. If you're really desperate, you can try to change
308 the subroutine name from writeMakefile to WriteMakefile and rerun
309 'perl Makefile.PL', but you're most probably left alone, when you do
317 sub ExtUtils::MakeMaker::new {
318 my($class,$self) = @_;
321 if ("@ARGV" =~ /\bPREREQ_PRINT\b/) {
322 require Data::Dumper;
323 print Data::Dumper->Dump([$self->{PREREQ_PM}], [qw(PREREQ_PM)]);
326 # PRINT_PREREQ is RedHatism.
327 if ("@ARGV" =~ /\bPRINT_PREREQ\b/) {
328 print join(" ", map { "perl($_)>=$self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$_} " } sort keys %{$self->{PREREQ_PM}}), "\n";
332 print STDOUT "MakeMaker (v$VERSION)\n" if $Verbose;
333 if (-f "MANIFEST" && ! -f "Makefile"){
337 $self = {} unless (defined $self);
341 my %configure_att; # record &{$self->{CONFIGURE}} attributes
342 my(%initial_att) = %$self; # record initial attributes
344 my(%unsatisfied) = ();
345 foreach my $prereq (sort keys %{$self->{PREREQ_PM}}) {
346 eval "require $prereq";
349 warn "Warning: prerequisite $prereq $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} not found.\n" unless $self->{PREREQ_FATAL};
350 $unsatisfied{$prereq} = 'not installed';
351 } elsif ($prereq->VERSION < $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} ){
352 warn "Warning: prerequisite $prereq $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} not found. We have "
353 . ($prereq->VERSION || 'unknown version') unless $self->{PREREQ_FATAL};
354 $unsatisfied{$prereq} = $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} ? $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} : 'unknown version' ;
357 if (%unsatisfied && $self->{PREREQ_FATAL}){
358 # unless (defined $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::useCPAN) {
359 my $failedprereqs = join ', ', map {"$_ $unsatisfied{$_}"} keys %unsatisfied;
360 die qq{MakeMaker FATAL: prerequisites not found ($failedprereqs)
361 Please install these modules first and rerun 'perl Makefile.PL'.\n};
362 # if ($ExtUtils::MakeMaker::hasCPAN) {
363 # $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::useCPAN = prompt(qq{Should I try to use the CPAN module to fetch them for you?},"yes");
365 # print qq{Hint: You may want to install the CPAN module to autofetch the needed modules\n};
366 # $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::useCPAN=0;
369 # if ($ExtUtils::MakeMaker::useCPAN) {
371 # CPAN->import(@unsatisfied);
373 # die qq{prerequisites not found (@unsatisfied)};
375 # warn qq{WARNING: prerequisites not found (@unsatisfied)};
378 if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
379 if (ref $self->{CONFIGURE} eq 'CODE') {
380 %configure_att = %{&{$self->{CONFIGURE}}};
381 $self = { %$self, %configure_att };
383 Carp::croak "Attribute 'CONFIGURE' to WriteMakefile() not a code reference\n";
387 # This is for old Makefiles written pre 5.00, will go away
388 if ( Carp::longmess("") =~ /runsubdirpl/s ){
389 Carp::carp("WARNING: Please rerun 'perl Makefile.PL' to regenerate your Makefiles\n");
392 my $newclass = ++$PACKNAME;
393 local @Parent = @Parent; # Protect against non-local exits
396 print "Blessing Object into class [$newclass]\n" if $Verbose>=2;
397 mv_all_methods("MY",$newclass);
398 bless $self, $newclass;
400 @{"$newclass\:\:ISA"} = 'MM';
403 if (defined $Parent[-2]){
404 $self->{PARENT} = $Parent[-2];
406 for $key (keys %Prepend_dot_dot) {
407 next unless defined $self->{PARENT}{$key};
408 $self->{$key} = $self->{PARENT}{$key};
409 # PERL and FULLPERL may be command verbs instead of full
410 # file specifications under VMS. If so, don't turn them
412 $self->{$key} = $self->catdir("..",$self->{$key})
413 unless $self->file_name_is_absolute($self->{$key})
414 || ($^O eq 'VMS' and ($key =~ /PERL$/ && $self->{$key} =~ /^[\w\-\$]+$/));
416 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
417 $self->{PARENT}->{CHILDREN}->{$newclass} = $self;
418 foreach my $opt (qw(POLLUTE PERL_CORE)) {
419 if (exists $self->{PARENT}->{$opt}
420 and not exists $self->{$opt})
422 # inherit, but only if already unspecified
423 $self->{$opt} = $self->{PARENT}->{$opt};
427 my @fm = grep /^FIRST_MAKEFILE=/, @ARGV;
428 parse_args($self,@fm) if @fm;
430 parse_args($self,split(' ', $ENV{PERL_MM_OPT} || ''),@ARGV);
433 $self->{NAME} ||= $self->guess_name;
435 ($self->{NAME_SYM} = $self->{NAME}) =~ s/\W+/_/g;
439 if (! $self->{PERL_SRC} ) {
440 my($pthinks) = $self->canonpath($INC{'Config.pm'});
441 my($cthinks) = $self->catfile($Config{'archlibexp'},'Config.pm');
442 $pthinks = VMS::Filespec::vmsify($pthinks) if $Is_VMS;
443 if ($pthinks ne $cthinks &&
444 !($Is_Win32 and lc($pthinks) eq lc($cthinks))) {
445 print "Have $pthinks expected $cthinks\n";
447 $pthinks =~ s![/\\]Config\.pm$!!i; $pthinks =~ s!.*[/\\]!!;
450 $pthinks =~ s!/Config\.pm$!!; $pthinks =~ s!.*/!!;
452 print STDOUT <<END unless $self->{UNINSTALLED_PERL};
453 Your perl and your Config.pm seem to have different ideas about the architecture
455 Perl thinks: [$pthinks]
456 Config says: [$Config{archname}]
457 This may or may not cause problems. Please check your installation of perl if you
458 have problems building this extension.
463 $self->init_dirscan();
464 $self->init_others();
465 my($argv) = neatvalue(\@ARGV);
469 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
470 # This Makefile is for the $self->{NAME} extension to perl.
472 # It was generated automatically by MakeMaker version
473 # $VERSION (Revision: $Revision) from the contents of
474 # Makefile.PL. Don't edit this file, edit Makefile.PL instead.
476 # ANY CHANGES MADE HERE WILL BE LOST!
478 # MakeMaker ARGV: $argv
480 # MakeMaker Parameters:
483 foreach my $key (sort keys %initial_att){
484 my($v) = neatvalue($initial_att{$key});
485 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
487 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# $key => $v";
489 undef %initial_att; # free memory
491 if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
492 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
494 # MakeMaker 'CONFIGURE' Parameters:
496 if (scalar(keys %configure_att) > 0) {
497 foreach my $key (sort keys %configure_att){
498 my($v) = neatvalue($configure_att{$key});
499 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
501 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# $key => $v";
506 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# no values returned";
508 undef %configure_att; # free memory
511 # turn the SKIP array into a SKIPHASH hash
513 for $skip (@{$self->{SKIP} || []}) {
514 $self->{SKIPHASH}{$skip} = 1;
516 delete $self->{SKIP}; # free memory
518 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
519 for (qw/install dist dist_basics dist_core dist_dir dist_test dist_ci/) {
520 $self->{SKIPHASH}{$_} = 1;
524 # We run all the subdirectories now. They don't have much to query
525 # from the parent, but the parent has to query them: if they need linking!
526 unless ($self->{NORECURS}) {
527 $self->eval_in_subdirs if @{$self->{DIR}};
530 foreach my $section ( @MM_Sections ){
531 print "Processing Makefile '$section' section\n" if ($Verbose >= 2);
532 my($skipit) = $self->skipcheck($section);
534 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section $skipit.";
536 my(%a) = %{$self->{$section} || {}};
537 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section:";
538 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# " . join ", ", %a if $Verbose && %a;
539 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, $self->nicetext($self->$section( %a ));
543 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# End.";
548 sub WriteEmptyMakefile {
549 Carp::croak "WriteEmptyMakefile: Need even number of args" if @_ % 2;
550 local $SIG{__WARN__} = \&warnhandler;
553 my $self = MM->new(\%att);
554 if (-f "$self->{MAKEFILE}.old") {
555 chmod 0666, "$self->{MAKEFILE}.old";
556 unlink "$self->{MAKEFILE}.old" or warn "unlink $self->{MAKEFILE}.old: $!";
558 rename $self->{MAKEFILE}, "$self->{MAKEFILE}.old"
559 or warn "rename $self->{MAKEFILE} $self->{MAKEFILE}.old: $!"
560 if -f $self->{MAKEFILE};
561 open MF, '>', $self->{MAKEFILE} or die "open $self->{MAKEFILE} for write: $!";
574 close MF or die "close $self->{MAKEFILE} for write: $!";
578 print STDOUT "Checking if your kit is complete...\n";
579 require ExtUtils::Manifest;
581 $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet = $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet = 1;
582 my(@missed) = ExtUtils::Manifest::manicheck();
584 print STDOUT "Warning: the following files are missing in your kit:\n";
585 print "\t", join "\n\t", @missed;
587 print STDOUT "Please inform the author.\n";
589 print STDOUT "Looks good\n";
594 my($self, @args) = @_;
596 unless (m/(.*?)=(.*)/) {
597 help(),exit 1 if m/^help$/;
598 ++$Verbose if m/^verb/;
601 my($name, $value) = ($1, $2);
602 if ($value =~ m/^~(\w+)?/) { # tilde with optional username
603 $value =~ s [^~(\w*)]
605 ((getpwnam($1))[7] || "~$1") :
609 $self->{uc($name)} = $value;
612 # catch old-style 'potential_libs' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
613 if (defined $self->{potential_libs}){
614 my($msg)="'potential_libs' => '$self->{potential_libs}' should be";
615 if ($self->{potential_libs}){
616 print STDOUT "$msg changed to:\n\t'LIBS' => ['$self->{potential_libs}']\n";
618 print STDOUT "$msg deleted.\n";
620 $self->{LIBS} = [$self->{potential_libs}];
621 delete $self->{potential_libs};
623 # catch old-style 'ARMAYBE' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
624 if (defined $self->{ARMAYBE}){
625 my($armaybe) = $self->{ARMAYBE};
626 print STDOUT "ARMAYBE => '$armaybe' should be changed to:\n",
627 "\t'dynamic_lib' => {ARMAYBE => '$armaybe'}\n";
628 my(%dl) = %{$self->{dynamic_lib} || {}};
629 $self->{dynamic_lib} = { %dl, ARMAYBE => $armaybe};
630 delete $self->{ARMAYBE};
632 if (defined $self->{LDTARGET}){
633 print STDOUT "LDTARGET should be changed to LDFROM\n";
634 $self->{LDFROM} = $self->{LDTARGET};
635 delete $self->{LDTARGET};
637 # Turn a DIR argument on the command line into an array
638 if (defined $self->{DIR} && ref \$self->{DIR} eq 'SCALAR') {
639 # So they can choose from the command line, which extensions they want
640 # the grep enables them to have some colons too much in case they
641 # have to build a list with the shell
642 $self->{DIR} = [grep $_, split ":", $self->{DIR}];
644 # Turn a INCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
645 if (defined $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{INCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
646 $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{INCLUDE_EXT}];
648 # Turn a EXCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
649 if (defined $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
650 $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT}];
653 foreach my $mmkey (sort keys %$self){
654 print STDOUT " $mmkey => ", neatvalue($self->{$mmkey}), "\n" if $Verbose;
655 print STDOUT "'$mmkey' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name.\n"
656 unless exists $Recognized_Att_Keys{$mmkey};
663 # We allow extension-specific hints files.
665 return unless -d "hints";
667 # First we look for the best hintsfile we have
668 my($hint)="${^O}_$Config{osvers}";
673 # Also try without trailing minor version numbers.
675 last if -f "hints/$hint.pl"; # found
677 last unless $hint =~ s/_[^_]*$//; # nothing to cut off
679 my $hint_file = "hints/$hint.pl";
681 return unless -f $hint_file; # really there
683 # execute the hintsfile:
684 print STDERR "Processing hints file $hint_file\n";
687 open(HINT, $hint_file) || die "Can't open $hint_file: $!";
688 eval join '', <HINT>;
691 print STDERR $@ if $@;
697 my($symtab) = \%{"${from}::"};
699 # Here you see the *current* list of methods that are overridable
700 # from Makefile.PL via MY:: subroutines. As of VERSION 5.07 I'm
701 # still trying to reduce the list to some reasonable minimum --
702 # because I want to make it easier for the user. A.K.
704 foreach my $method (@Overridable) {
706 # We cannot say "next" here. Nick might call MY->makeaperl
707 # which isn't defined right now
709 # Above statement was written at 4.23 time when Tk-b8 was
710 # around. As Tk-b9 only builds with 5.002something and MM 5 is
711 # standard, we try to enable the next line again. It was
712 # commented out until MM 5.23
714 next unless defined &{"${from}::$method"};
716 *{"${to}::$method"} = \&{"${from}::$method"};
718 # delete would do, if we were sure, nobody ever called
719 # MY->makeaperl directly
721 # delete $symtab->{$method};
723 # If we delete a method, then it will be undefined and cannot
724 # be called. But as long as we have Makefile.PLs that rely on
725 # %MY:: being intact, we have to fill the hole with an
728 eval "package MY; sub $method { shift->SUPER::$method(\@_); }";
731 # We have to clean out %INC also, because the current directory is
732 # changed frequently and Graham Barr prefers to get his version
733 # out of a History.pl file which is "required" so woudn't get
734 # loaded again in another extension requiring a History.pl
736 # With perl5.002_01 the deletion of entries in %INC caused Tk-b11
737 # to core dump in the middle of a require statement. The required
738 # file was Tk/MMutil.pm. The consequence is, we have to be
739 # extremely careful when we try to give perl a reason to reload a
740 # library with same name. The workaround prefers to drop nothing
741 # from %INC and teach the writers not to use such libraries.
744 # foreach $inc (keys %INC) {
745 # #warn "***$inc*** deleted";
753 if ($section eq 'dynamic') {
754 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
755 "in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
756 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
757 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
758 "in skipped section 'dynamic_lib'\n"
759 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_lib} && $Verbose;
761 if ($section eq 'dynamic_lib') {
762 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target '\$(INST_DYNAMIC)' depends on ",
763 "targets in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
764 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
766 if ($section eq 'static') {
767 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'static' depends on targets ",
768 "in skipped section 'static_lib'\n"
769 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{static_lib} && $Verbose;
771 return 'skipped' if $self->{SKIPHASH}{$section};
779 # my $fh = new FileHandle;
781 print STDOUT "Writing $self->{MAKEFILE} for $self->{NAME}\n";
783 unlink($self->{MAKEFILE}, "MakeMaker.tmp", $Is_VMS ? 'Descrip.MMS' : '');
784 # $fh->open(">MakeMaker.tmp") or die "Unable to open MakeMaker.tmp: $!";
785 open(FH,">MakeMaker.tmp") or die "Unable to open MakeMaker.tmp: $!";
787 for $chunk (@{$self->{RESULT}}) {
788 # print $fh "$chunk\n";
794 my($finalname) = $self->{MAKEFILE};
795 rename("MakeMaker.tmp", $finalname);
796 chmod 0644, $finalname unless $Is_VMS;
798 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
799 foreach (keys %$self) { # safe memory
800 delete $self->{$_} unless $Keep_after_flush{$_};
804 system("$Config::Config{eunicefix} $finalname") unless $Config::Config{eunicefix} eq ":";
807 # The following mkbootstrap() is only for installations that are calling
808 # the pre-4.1 mkbootstrap() from their old Makefiles. This MakeMaker
809 # writes Makefiles, that use ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap directly.
812 !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
813 !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker. !!!
814 !!! Please rebuild your Makefile !!!
818 # Ditto for mksymlists() as of MakeMaker 5.17
821 !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
822 !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker. !!!
823 !!! Please rebuild your Makefile !!!
829 return "undef" unless defined $v;
831 return "q[$v]" unless $t;
835 foreach my $elem (@$v) {
836 push @neat, "q[$elem]";
838 push @m, join ", ", @neat;
842 return "$v" unless $t eq 'HASH';
844 while (($key,$val) = each %$v){
845 last unless defined $key; # cautious programming in case (undef,undef) is true
846 push(@m,"$key=>".neatvalue($val)) ;
848 return "{ ".join(', ',@m)." }";
855 push @m, "\n# Full list of MakeMaker attribute values:";
856 foreach my $key (sort keys %$self){
857 next if $key eq 'RESULT' || $key =~ /^[A-Z][a-z]/;
858 my($v) = neatvalue($self->{$key});
859 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
861 push @m, "# $key => $v";
867 package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
874 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
878 C<use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;>
880 C<WriteMakefile( ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...] );>
884 C<MM-E<gt>new(\%att)-E<gt>flush;>
888 This utility is designed to write a Makefile for an extension module
889 from a Makefile.PL. It is based on the Makefile.SH model provided by
890 Andy Dougherty and the perl5-porters.
892 It splits the task of generating the Makefile into several subroutines
893 that can be individually overridden. Each subroutine returns the text
894 it wishes to have written to the Makefile.
896 MakeMaker is object oriented. Each directory below the current
897 directory that contains a Makefile.PL. Is treated as a separate
898 object. This makes it possible to write an unlimited number of
899 Makefiles with a single invocation of WriteMakefile().
901 =head2 How To Write A Makefile.PL
903 The short answer is: Don't.
905 Always begin with h2xs.
906 Always begin with h2xs!
907 ALWAYS BEGIN WITH H2XS!
909 even if you're not building around a header file, and even if you
910 don't have an XS component.
912 Run h2xs(1) before you start thinking about writing a module. For so
913 called pm-only modules that consist of C<*.pm> files only, h2xs has
914 the C<-X> switch. This will generate dummy files of all kinds that are
915 useful for the module developer.
917 The medium answer is:
919 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
920 WriteMakefile( NAME => "Foo::Bar" );
922 The long answer is the rest of the manpage :-)
924 =head2 Default Makefile Behaviour
926 The generated Makefile enables the user of the extension to invoke
928 perl Makefile.PL # optionally "perl Makefile.PL verbose"
930 make test # optionally set TEST_VERBOSE=1
931 make install # See below
933 The Makefile to be produced may be altered by adding arguments of the
934 form C<KEY=VALUE>. E.g.
936 perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/tmp/myperl5
938 Other interesting targets in the generated Makefile are
940 make config # to check if the Makefile is up-to-date
941 make clean # delete local temp files (Makefile gets renamed)
942 make realclean # delete derived files (including ./blib)
943 make ci # check in all the files in the MANIFEST file
944 make dist # see below the Distribution Support section
948 MakeMaker checks for the existence of a file named F<test.pl> in the
949 current directory and if it exists it adds commands to the test target
950 of the generated Makefile that will execute the script with the proper
951 set of perl C<-I> options.
953 MakeMaker also checks for any files matching glob("t/*.t"). It will
954 add commands to the test target of the generated Makefile that execute
955 all matching files via the L<Test::Harness> module with the C<-I>
956 switches set correctly.
960 A useful variation of the above is the target C<testdb>. It runs the
961 test under the Perl debugger (see L<perldebug>). If the file
962 F<test.pl> exists in the current directory, it is used for the test.
964 If you want to debug some other testfile, set C<TEST_FILE> variable
967 make testdb TEST_FILE=t/mytest.t
969 By default the debugger is called using C<-d> option to perl. If you
970 want to specify some other option, set C<TESTDB_SW> variable:
972 make testdb TESTDB_SW=-Dx
976 make alone puts all relevant files into directories that are named by
977 the macros INST_LIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_SCRIPT, INST_HTMLLIBDIR,
978 INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_MAN1DIR, and INST_MAN3DIR. All these default
979 to something below ./blib if you are I<not> building below the perl
980 source directory. If you I<are> building below the perl source,
981 INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB default to ../../lib, and INST_SCRIPT is not
984 The I<install> target of the generated Makefile copies the files found
985 below each of the INST_* directories to their INSTALL*
986 counterparts. Which counterparts are chosen depends on the setting of
987 INSTALLDIRS according to the following table:
992 INST_ARCHLIB INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALLSITEARCH
993 INST_LIB INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALLSITELIB
994 INST_HTMLLIBDIR INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR
995 INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR
997 INST_SCRIPT INSTALLSCRIPT
998 INST_MAN1DIR INSTALLMAN1DIR
999 INST_MAN3DIR INSTALLMAN3DIR
1001 The INSTALL... macros in turn default to their %Config
1002 ($Config{installprivlib}, $Config{installarchlib}, etc.) counterparts.
1004 You can check the values of these variables on your system with
1008 And to check the sequence in which the library directories are
1009 searched by perl, run
1011 perl -le 'print join $/, @INC'
1014 =head2 PREFIX and LIB attribute
1016 PREFIX and LIB can be used to set several INSTALL* attributes in one
1017 go. The quickest way to install a module in a non-standard place might
1020 perl Makefile.PL LIB=~/lib
1022 This will install the module's architecture-independent files into
1023 ~/lib, the architecture-dependent files into ~/lib/$archname.
1025 Another way to specify many INSTALL directories with a single
1026 parameter is PREFIX.
1028 perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=~
1030 This will replace the string specified by C<$Config{prefix}> in all
1031 C<$Config{install*}> values.
1033 Note, that in both cases the tilde expansion is done by MakeMaker, not
1034 by perl by default, nor by make.
1036 Conflicts between parameters LIB,
1037 PREFIX and the various INSTALL* arguments are resolved so that:
1043 setting LIB overrides any setting of INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB,
1044 INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH (and they are not affected by PREFIX);
1048 without LIB, setting PREFIX replaces the initial C<$Config{prefix}>
1049 part of those INSTALL* arguments, even if the latter are explicitly
1050 set (but are set to still start with C<$Config{prefix}>).
1054 If the user has superuser privileges, and is not working on AFS
1055 or relatives, then the defaults for
1056 INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, etc. will be appropriate,
1057 and this incantation will be the best:
1059 perl Makefile.PL; make; make test
1062 make install per default writes some documentation of what has been
1063 done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This feature
1064 can be bypassed by calling make pure_install.
1068 will have to specify the installation directories as these most
1069 probably have changed since perl itself has been installed. They will
1070 have to do this by calling
1072 perl Makefile.PL INSTALLSITELIB=/afs/here/today \
1073 INSTALLSCRIPT=/afs/there/now INSTALLMAN3DIR=/afs/for/manpages
1076 Be careful to repeat this procedure every time you recompile an
1077 extension, unless you are sure the AFS installation directories are
1080 =head2 Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
1082 An extension that is built with the above steps is ready to use on
1083 systems supporting dynamic loading. On systems that do not support
1084 dynamic loading, any newly created extension has to be linked together
1085 with the available resources. MakeMaker supports the linking process
1086 by creating appropriate targets in the Makefile whenever an extension
1087 is built. You can invoke the corresponding section of the makefile with
1091 That produces a new perl binary in the current directory with all
1092 extensions linked in that can be found in INST_ARCHLIB, SITELIBEXP,
1093 and PERL_ARCHLIB. To do that, MakeMaker writes a new Makefile, on
1094 UNIX, this is called Makefile.aperl (may be system dependent). If you
1095 want to force the creation of a new perl, it is recommended, that you
1096 delete this Makefile.aperl, so the directories are searched-through
1097 for linkable libraries again.
1099 The binary can be installed into the directory where perl normally
1100 resides on your machine with
1104 To produce a perl binary with a different name than C<perl>, either say
1106 perl Makefile.PL MAP_TARGET=myperl
1113 make myperl MAP_TARGET=myperl
1114 make inst_perl MAP_TARGET=myperl
1116 In any case you will be prompted with the correct invocation of the
1117 C<inst_perl> target that installs the new binary into INSTALLBIN.
1119 make inst_perl per default writes some documentation of what has been
1120 done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This
1121 can be bypassed by calling make pure_inst_perl.
1123 Warning: the inst_perl: target will most probably overwrite your
1124 existing perl binary. Use with care!
1126 Sometimes you might want to build a statically linked perl although
1127 your system supports dynamic loading. In this case you may explicitly
1128 set the linktype with the invocation of the Makefile.PL or make:
1130 perl Makefile.PL LINKTYPE=static # recommended
1134 make LINKTYPE=static # works on most systems
1136 =head2 Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
1138 MakeMaker needs to know, or to guess, where certain things are
1139 located. Especially INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB (where to put the files
1140 during the make(1) run), PERL_LIB and PERL_ARCHLIB (where to read
1141 existing modules from), and PERL_INC (header files and C<libperl*.*>).
1143 Extensions may be built either using the contents of the perl source
1144 directory tree or from the installed perl library. The recommended way
1145 is to build extensions after you have run 'make install' on perl
1146 itself. You can do that in any directory on your hard disk that is not
1147 below the perl source tree. The support for extensions below the ext
1148 directory of the perl distribution is only good for the standard
1149 extensions that come with perl.
1151 If an extension is being built below the C<ext/> directory of the perl
1152 source then MakeMaker will set PERL_SRC automatically (e.g.,
1153 C<../..>). If PERL_SRC is defined and the extension is recognized as
1154 a standard extension, then other variables default to the following:
1157 PERL_LIB = PERL_SRC/lib
1158 PERL_ARCHLIB = PERL_SRC/lib
1160 INST_ARCHLIB = PERL_ARCHLIB
1162 If an extension is being built away from the perl source then MakeMaker
1163 will leave PERL_SRC undefined and default to using the installed copy
1164 of the perl library. The other variables default to the following:
1166 PERL_INC = $archlibexp/CORE
1167 PERL_LIB = $privlibexp
1168 PERL_ARCHLIB = $archlibexp
1169 INST_LIB = ./blib/lib
1170 INST_ARCHLIB = ./blib/arch
1172 If perl has not yet been installed then PERL_SRC can be defined on the
1173 command line as shown in the previous section.
1176 =head2 Which architecture dependent directory?
1178 If you don't want to keep the defaults for the INSTALL* macros,
1179 MakeMaker helps you to minimize the typing needed: the usual
1180 relationship between INSTALLPRIVLIB and INSTALLARCHLIB is determined
1181 by Configure at perl compilation time. MakeMaker supports the user who
1182 sets INSTALLPRIVLIB. If INSTALLPRIVLIB is set, but INSTALLARCHLIB not,
1183 then MakeMaker defaults the latter to be the same subdirectory of
1184 INSTALLPRIVLIB as Configure decided for the counterparts in %Config ,
1185 otherwise it defaults to INSTALLPRIVLIB. The same relationship holds
1186 for INSTALLSITELIB and INSTALLSITEARCH.
1188 MakeMaker gives you much more freedom than needed to configure
1189 internal variables and get different results. It is worth to mention,
1190 that make(1) also lets you configure most of the variables that are
1191 used in the Makefile. But in the majority of situations this will not
1192 be necessary, and should only be done if the author of a package
1193 recommends it (or you know what you're doing).
1195 =head2 Using Attributes and Parameters
1197 The following attributes can be specified as arguments to WriteMakefile()
1198 or as NAME=VALUE pairs on the command line:
1204 One line description of the module. Will be included in PPD file.
1208 Name of the file that contains the package description. MakeMaker looks
1209 for a line in the POD matching /^($package\s-\s)(.*)/. This is typically
1210 the first line in the "=head1 NAME" section. $2 becomes the abstract.
1214 String containing name (and email address) of package author(s). Is used
1215 in PPD (Perl Package Description) files for PPM (Perl Package Manager).
1217 =item BINARY_LOCATION
1219 Used when creating PPD files for binary packages. It can be set to a
1220 full or relative path or URL to the binary archive for a particular
1221 architecture. For example:
1223 perl Makefile.PL BINARY_LOCATION=x86/Agent.tar.gz
1225 builds a PPD package that references a binary of the C<Agent> package,
1226 located in the C<x86> directory relative to the PPD itself.
1230 Ref to array of *.c file names. Initialised from a directory scan
1231 and the values portion of the XS attribute hash. This is not
1232 currently used by MakeMaker but may be handy in Makefile.PLs.
1236 String that will be included in the compiler call command line between
1237 the arguments INC and OPTIMIZE.
1241 Arrayref. E.g. [qw(archname manext)] defines ARCHNAME & MANEXT from
1242 config.sh. MakeMaker will add to CONFIG the following values anyway:
1262 CODE reference. The subroutine should return a hash reference. The
1263 hash may contain further attributes, e.g. {LIBS =E<gt> ...}, that have to
1264 be determined by some evaluation method.
1268 Something like C<"-DHAVE_UNISTD_H">
1272 Ref to array of subdirectories containing Makefile.PLs e.g. [ 'sdbm'
1277 Your name for distributing the package (by tar file). This defaults to
1282 Hashref of symbol names for routines to be made available as universal
1283 symbols. Each key/value pair consists of the package name and an
1284 array of routine names in that package. Used only under AIX, OS/2,
1285 VMS and Win32 at present. The routine names supplied will be expanded
1286 in the same way as XSUB names are expanded by the XS() macro.
1289 {"$(NAME)" => ["boot_$(NAME)" ] }
1293 {"RPC" => [qw( boot_rpcb rpcb_gettime getnetconfigent )],
1294 "NetconfigPtr" => [ 'DESTROY'] }
1296 Please see the L<ExtUtils::Mksymlists> documentation for more information
1297 about the DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS and FUNCLIST attributes.
1301 Array of symbol names for variables to be made available as universal symbols.
1302 Used only under AIX, OS/2, VMS and Win32 at present. Defaults to [].
1303 (e.g. [ qw(Foo_version Foo_numstreams Foo_tree ) ])
1307 Array of extension names to exclude when doing a static build. This
1308 is ignored if INCLUDE_EXT is present. Consult INCLUDE_EXT for more
1309 details. (e.g. [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ] )
1311 This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
1312 command line: perl Makefile.PL EXCLUDE_EXT='Socket Safe'
1316 Ref to array of executable files. The files will be copied to the
1317 INST_SCRIPT directory. Make realclean will delete them from there
1320 =item FIRST_MAKEFILE
1322 The name of the Makefile to be produced. Defaults to the contents of
1323 MAKEFILE, but can be overridden. This is used for the second Makefile
1324 that will be produced for the MAP_TARGET.
1328 Perl binary able to run this extension.
1332 This provides an alternate means to specify function names to be
1333 exported from the extension. Its value is a reference to an
1334 array of function names to be exported by the extension. These
1335 names are passed through unaltered to the linker options file.
1339 Ref to array of *.h file names. Similar to C.
1343 Hashref of .pm and .pod files. MakeMaker will default this to all
1344 .pod and any .pm files that include POD directives. The files listed
1345 here will be converted to HTML format and installed as was requested
1348 =item HTMLSCRIPTPODS
1350 Hashref of pod-containing files. MakeMaker will default this to all
1351 EXE_FILES files that include POD directives. The files listed
1352 here will be converted to HTML format and installed as was requested
1357 This attribute is used to specify names to be imported into the
1358 extension. It is only used on OS/2 and Win32.
1362 Include file dirs eg: C<"-I/usr/5include -I/path/to/inc">
1366 Array of extension names to be included when doing a static build.
1367 MakeMaker will normally build with all of the installed extensions when
1368 doing a static build, and that is usually the desired behavior. If
1369 INCLUDE_EXT is present then MakeMaker will build only with those extensions
1370 which are explicitly mentioned. (e.g. [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ])
1372 It is not necessary to mention DynaLoader or the current extension when
1373 filling in INCLUDE_EXT. If the INCLUDE_EXT is mentioned but is empty then
1374 only DynaLoader and the current extension will be included in the build.
1376 This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
1377 command line: perl Makefile.PL INCLUDE_EXT='POSIX Socket Devel::Peek'
1379 =item INSTALLARCHLIB
1381 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1382 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
1386 Directory to install binary files (e.g. tkperl) into.
1390 Determines which of the two sets of installation directories to
1391 choose: installprivlib and installarchlib versus installsitelib and
1392 installsitearch. The first pair is chosen with INSTALLDIRS=perl, the
1393 second with INSTALLDIRS=site. Default is site.
1395 =item INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR
1397 This directory gets the HTML pages at 'make install' time. Defaults to
1398 $Config{installhtmlprivlibdir}.
1400 =item INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR
1402 This directory gets the HTML pages at 'make install' time. Defaults to
1403 $Config{installhtmlscriptdir}.
1405 =item INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR
1407 This directory gets the HTML pages at 'make install' time. Defaults to
1408 $Config{installhtmlsitelibdir}.
1411 =item INSTALLMAN1DIR
1413 This directory gets the man pages at 'make install' time. Defaults to
1414 $Config{installman1dir}.
1416 =item INSTALLMAN3DIR
1418 This directory gets the man pages at 'make install' time. Defaults to
1419 $Config{installman3dir}.
1421 =item INSTALLPRIVLIB
1423 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1424 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
1428 Used by 'make install' which copies files from INST_SCRIPT to this
1431 =item INSTALLSITEARCH
1433 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1434 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1436 =item INSTALLSITELIB
1438 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1439 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1443 Same as INST_LIB for architecture dependent files.
1447 Directory to put real binary files during 'make'. These will be copied
1448 to INSTALLBIN during 'make install'
1452 Old name for INST_SCRIPT. Deprecated. Please use INST_SCRIPT if you
1455 =item INST_HTMLLIBDIR
1457 Directory to hold the man pages in HTML format at 'make' time
1459 =item INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR
1461 Directory to hold the man pages in HTML format at 'make' time
1465 Directory where we put library files of this extension while building
1470 Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
1474 Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
1478 Directory, where executable files should be installed during
1479 'make'. Defaults to "./blib/script", just to have a dummy location during
1480 testing. make install will copy the files in INST_SCRIPT to
1485 defaults to "$(OBJECT)" and is used in the ld command to specify
1486 what files to link/load from (also see dynamic_lib below for how to
1491 LIB should only be set at C<perl Makefile.PL> time but is allowed as a
1492 MakeMaker argument. It has the effect of
1493 setting both INSTALLPRIVLIB and INSTALLSITELIB to that value regardless any
1494 explicit setting of those arguments (or of PREFIX).
1495 INSTALLARCHLIB and INSTALLSITEARCH are set to the corresponding
1496 architecture subdirectory.
1500 The filename of the perllibrary that will be used together with this
1501 extension. Defaults to libperl.a.
1505 An anonymous array of alternative library
1506 specifications to be searched for (in order) until
1507 at least one library is found. E.g.
1509 'LIBS' => ["-lgdbm", "-ldbm -lfoo", "-L/path -ldbm.nfs"]
1511 Mind, that any element of the array
1512 contains a complete set of arguments for the ld
1513 command. So do not specify
1515 'LIBS' => ["-ltcl", "-ltk", "-lX11"]
1517 See ODBM_File/Makefile.PL for an example, where an array is needed. If
1518 you specify a scalar as in
1520 'LIBS' => "-ltcl -ltk -lX11"
1522 MakeMaker will turn it into an array with one element.
1526 'static' or 'dynamic' (default unless usedl=undef in
1527 config.sh). Should only be used to force static linking (also see
1532 Boolean which tells MakeMaker, that it should include the rules to
1533 make a perl. This is handled automatically as a switch by
1534 MakeMaker. The user normally does not need it.
1538 The name of the Makefile to be produced.
1542 Hashref of pod-containing files. MakeMaker will default this to all
1543 EXE_FILES files that include POD directives. The files listed
1544 here will be converted to man pages and installed as was requested
1549 Hashref that assigns to *.pm and *.pod files the files into which the
1550 manpages are to be written. MakeMaker parses all *.pod and *.pm files
1551 for POD directives. Files that contain POD will be the default keys of
1552 the MAN3PODS hashref. These will then be converted to man pages during
1553 C<make> and will be installed during C<make install>.
1557 If it is intended, that a new perl binary be produced, this variable
1558 may hold a name for that binary. Defaults to perl
1562 If the extension links to a library that it builds set this to the
1563 name of the library (see SDBM_File)
1567 Perl module name for this extension (DBD::Oracle). This will default
1568 to the directory name but should be explicitly defined in the
1573 MakeMaker will figure out if an extension contains linkable code
1574 anywhere down the directory tree, and will set this variable
1575 accordingly, but you can speed it up a very little bit if you define
1576 this boolean variable yourself.
1580 Defaults to C<@>. By setting it to an empty string you can generate a
1581 Makefile that echos all commands. Mainly used in debugging MakeMaker
1586 Boolean. Attribute to inhibit descending into subdirectories.
1590 In general, any generated Makefile checks for the current version of
1591 MakeMaker and the version the Makefile was built under. If NO_VC is
1592 set, the version check is neglected. Do not write this into your
1593 Makefile.PL, use it interactively instead.
1597 List of object files, defaults to '$(BASEEXT)$(OBJ_EXT)', but can be a long
1598 string containing all object files, e.g. "tkpBind.o
1599 tkpButton.o tkpCanvas.o"
1601 (Where BASEEXT is the last component of NAME, and OBJ_EXT is $Config{obj_ext}.)
1605 Defaults to C<-O>. Set it to C<-g> to turn debugging on. The flag is
1606 passed to subdirectory makes.
1610 Perl binary for tasks that can be done by miniperl
1614 Set only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1619 The call to the program that is able to compile perlmain.c. Defaults
1624 Same as for PERL_LIB, but for architecture dependent files.
1626 Used only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1627 distribution (because normally $(PERL_ARCHLIB) is automatically in @INC,
1628 and adding it would get in the way of PERL5LIB).
1632 Directory containing the Perl library to use.
1634 Used only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1635 distribution (because normally $(PERL_LIB) is automatically in @INC,
1636 and adding it would get in the way of PERL5LIB).
1638 =item PERL_MALLOC_OK
1640 defaults to 0. Should be set to TRUE if the extension can work with
1641 the memory allocation routines substituted by the Perl malloc() subsystem.
1642 This should be applicable to most extensions with exceptions of those
1648 with bugs in memory allocations which are caught by Perl's malloc();
1652 which interact with the memory allocator in other ways than via
1653 malloc(), realloc(), free(), calloc(), sbrk() and brk();
1657 which rely on special alignment which is not provided by Perl's malloc().
1661 B<NOTE.> Negligence to set this flag in I<any one> of loaded extension
1662 nullifies many advantages of Perl's malloc(), such as better usage of
1663 system resources, error detection, memory usage reporting, catchable failure
1664 of memory allocations, etc.
1668 Use this instead of $(PERL) or $(FULLPERL) when you wish to run perl.
1669 It will set up extra necessary flags for you.
1673 Use this instead of $(PERL) or $(FULLPERL) when you wish to run
1674 perl to work with modules. It will add things like -I$(INST_ARCH)
1675 and other necessary flags.
1679 Directory containing the Perl source code (use of this should be
1680 avoided, it may be undefined)
1684 Desired permission for read/writable files. Defaults to C<644>.
1685 See also L<MM_Unix/perm_rw>.
1689 Desired permission for executable files. Defaults to C<755>.
1690 See also L<MM_Unix/perm_rwx>.
1694 Ref to hash of files to be processed as perl programs. MakeMaker
1695 will default to any found *.PL file (except Makefile.PL) being keys
1696 and the basename of the file being the value. E.g.
1698 {'foobar.PL' => 'foobar'}
1700 The *.PL files are expected to produce output to the target files
1701 themselves. If multiple files can be generated from the same *.PL
1702 file then the value in the hash can be a reference to an array of
1703 target file names. E.g.
1705 {'foobar.PL' => ['foobar1','foobar2']}
1709 Hashref of .pm files and *.pl files to be installed. e.g.
1711 {'name_of_file.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/install_as.pm'}
1713 By default this will include *.pm and *.pl and the files found in
1714 the PMLIBDIRS directories. Defining PM in the
1715 Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
1719 Ref to array of subdirectories containing library files. Defaults to
1720 [ 'lib', $(BASEEXT) ]. The directories will be scanned and I<any> files
1721 they contain will be installed in the corresponding location in the
1722 library. A libscan() method can be used to alter the behaviour.
1723 Defining PM in the Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
1725 (Where BASEEXT is the last component of NAME.)
1729 A filter program, in the traditional Unix sense (input from stdin, output
1730 to stdout) that is passed on each .pm file during the build (in the
1731 pm_to_blib() phase). It is empty by default, meaning no filtering is done.
1733 Great care is necessary when defining the command if quoting needs to be
1734 done. For instance, you would need to say:
1736 {'PM_FILTER' => 'grep -v \\"^\\#\\"'}
1738 to remove all the leading coments on the fly during the build. The
1739 extra \\ are necessary, unfortunately, because this variable is interpolated
1740 within the context of a Perl program built on the command line, and double
1741 quotes are what is used with the -e switch to build that command line. The
1742 # is escaped for the Makefile, since what is going to be generated will then
1745 PM_FILTER = grep -v \"^\#\"
1747 Without the \\ before the #, we'd have the start of a Makefile comment,
1748 and the macro would be incorrectly defined.
1752 Release 5.005 grandfathered old global symbol names by providing preprocessor
1753 macros for extension source compatibility. As of release 5.6, these
1754 preprocessor definitions are not available by default. The POLLUTE flag
1755 specifies that the old names should still be defined:
1757 perl Makefile.PL POLLUTE=1
1759 Please inform the module author if this is necessary to successfully install
1760 a module under 5.6 or later.
1762 =item PPM_INSTALL_EXEC
1764 Name of the executable used to run C<PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT> below. (e.g. perl)
1766 =item PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT
1768 Name of the script that gets executed by the Perl Package Manager after
1769 the installation of a package.
1773 Can be used to set the three INSTALL* attributes in one go (except for
1774 probably INSTALLMAN1DIR, if it is not below PREFIX according to
1775 %Config). They will have PREFIX as a common directory node and will
1776 branch from that node into lib/, lib/ARCHNAME or whatever Configure
1777 decided at the build time of your perl (unless you override one of
1782 Hashref: Names of modules that need to be available to run this
1783 extension (e.g. Fcntl for SDBM_File) are the keys of the hash and the
1784 desired version is the value. If the required version number is 0, we
1785 only check if any version is installed already.
1789 Bool. If this parameter is true, failing to have the required modules
1790 (or the right versions thereof) will be fatal. perl Makefile.PL will die
1791 with the proper message.
1793 Note: see L<Test::Harness> for a shortcut for stopping tests early if
1794 you are missing dependencies.
1796 Do I<not> use this parameter for simple requirements, which could be resolved
1797 at a later time, e.g. after an unsuccessful B<make test> of your module.
1799 It is I<extremely> rare to have to use C<PREREQ_FATAL> at all!
1803 Bool. If this parameter is true, the prerequisites will be printed to
1804 stdout and MakeMaker will exit. The output format is
1814 RedHatism for C<PREREQ_PRINT>. The output format is different, though:
1816 perl(A::B)>=Vers1 perl(C::D)>=Vers2 ...
1820 Arrayref. E.g. [qw(name1 name2)] skip (do not write) sections of the
1821 Makefile. Caution! Do not use the SKIP attribute for the negligible
1822 speedup. It may seriously damage the resulting Makefile. Only use it
1823 if you really need it.
1827 The set of -I's necessary to run a "make test". Use as:
1828 $(PERL) $(TEST_LIBS) -e '...' for example.
1832 Ref to array of typemap file names. Use this when the typemaps are
1833 in some directory other than the current directory or when they are
1834 not named B<typemap>. The last typemap in the list takes
1835 precedence. A typemap in the current directory has highest
1836 precedence, even if it isn't listed in TYPEMAPS. The default system
1837 typemap has lowest precedence.
1841 Your version number for distributing the package. This defaults to
1846 Instead of specifying the VERSION in the Makefile.PL you can let
1847 MakeMaker parse a file to determine the version number. The parsing
1848 routine requires that the file named by VERSION_FROM contains one
1849 single line to compute the version number. The first line in the file
1850 that contains the regular expression
1852 /([\$*])(([\w\:\']*)\bVERSION)\b.*\=/
1854 will be evaluated with eval() and the value of the named variable
1855 B<after> the eval() will be assigned to the VERSION attribute of the
1856 MakeMaker object. The following lines will be parsed o.k.:
1860 ( $VERSION ) = '$Revision: 1.4 $ ' =~ /\$Revision:\s+([^\s]+)/;
1861 $FOO::VERSION = '1.10';
1862 *FOO::VERSION = \'1.11';
1863 our $VERSION = 1.2.3; # new for perl5.6.0
1865 but these will fail:
1867 my $VERSION = '1.01';
1868 local $VERSION = '1.02';
1869 local $FOO::VERSION = '1.30';
1871 (Putting C<my> or C<local> on the preceding line will work o.k.)
1873 The file named in VERSION_FROM is not added as a dependency to
1874 Makefile. This is not really correct, but it would be a major pain
1875 during development to have to rewrite the Makefile for any smallish
1876 change in that file. If you want to make sure that the Makefile
1877 contains the correct VERSION macro after any change of the file, you
1878 would have to do something like
1880 depend => { Makefile => '$(VERSION_FROM)' }
1882 See attribute C<depend> below.
1886 Hashref of .xs files. MakeMaker will default this. e.g.
1888 {'name_of_file.xs' => 'name_of_file.c'}
1890 The .c files will automatically be included in the list of files
1891 deleted by a make clean.
1895 String of options to pass to xsubpp. This might include C<-C++> or
1896 C<-extern>. Do not include typemaps here; the TYPEMAP parameter exists for
1901 May be set to an empty string, which is identical to C<-prototypes>, or
1902 C<-noprototypes>. See the xsubpp documentation for details. MakeMaker
1903 defaults to the empty string.
1907 Your version number for the .xs file of this package. This defaults
1908 to the value of the VERSION attribute.
1912 =head2 Additional lowercase attributes
1914 can be used to pass parameters to the methods which implement that
1915 part of the Makefile.
1921 {FILES => "*.xyz foo"}
1925 {ANY_TARGET => ANY_DEPENDECY, ...}
1927 (ANY_TARGET must not be given a double-colon rule by MakeMaker.)
1931 {TARFLAGS => 'cvfF', COMPRESS => 'gzip', SUFFIX => '.gz',
1932 SHAR => 'shar -m', DIST_CP => 'ln', ZIP => '/bin/zip',
1933 ZIPFLAGS => '-rl', DIST_DEFAULT => 'private tardist' }
1935 If you specify COMPRESS, then SUFFIX should also be altered, as it is
1936 needed to tell make the target file of the compression. Setting
1937 DIST_CP to ln can be useful, if you need to preserve the timestamps on
1938 your files. DIST_CP can take the values 'cp', which copies the file,
1939 'ln', which links the file, and 'best' which copies symbolic links and
1940 links the rest. Default is 'best'.
1944 {ARMAYBE => 'ar', OTHERLDFLAGS => '...', INST_DYNAMIC_DEP => '...'}
1948 {LINKTYPE => 'static', 'dynamic' or ''}
1950 NB: Extensions that have nothing but *.pm files had to say
1954 with Pre-5.0 MakeMakers. Since version 5.00 of MakeMaker such a line
1955 can be deleted safely. MakeMaker recognizes when there's nothing to
1960 {ANY_MACRO => ANY_VALUE, ...}
1964 {FILES => '$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/*.xyz'}
1970 =item tool_autosplit
1976 =head2 Overriding MakeMaker Methods
1978 If you cannot achieve the desired Makefile behaviour by specifying
1979 attributes you may define private subroutines in the Makefile.PL.
1980 Each subroutines returns the text it wishes to have written to
1981 the Makefile. To override a section of the Makefile you can
1984 sub MY::c_o { "new literal text" }
1986 or you can edit the default by saying something like:
1989 package MY; # so that "SUPER" works right
1990 my $inherited = shift->SUPER::c_o(@_);
1991 $inherited =~ s/old text/new text/;
1995 If you are running experiments with embedding perl as a library into
1996 other applications, you might find MakeMaker is not sufficient. You'd
1997 better have a look at ExtUtils::Embed which is a collection of utilities
2000 If you still need a different solution, try to develop another
2001 subroutine that fits your needs and submit the diffs to
2002 F<perl5-porters@perl.org> or F<comp.lang.perl.moderated> as appropriate.
2004 For a complete description of all MakeMaker methods see L<ExtUtils::MM_Unix>.
2006 Here is a simple example of how to add a new target to the generated
2011 $(MYEXTLIB): sdbm/Makefile
2012 cd sdbm && $(MAKE) all
2017 =head2 Hintsfile support
2019 MakeMaker.pm uses the architecture specific information from
2020 Config.pm. In addition it evaluates architecture specific hints files
2021 in a C<hints/> directory. The hints files are expected to be named
2022 like their counterparts in C<PERL_SRC/hints>, but with an C<.pl> file
2023 name extension (eg. C<next_3_2.pl>). They are simply C<eval>ed by
2024 MakeMaker within the WriteMakefile() subroutine, and can be used to
2025 execute commands as well as to include special variables. The rules
2026 which hintsfile is chosen are the same as in Configure.
2028 The hintsfile is eval()ed immediately after the arguments given to
2029 WriteMakefile are stuffed into a hash reference $self but before this
2030 reference becomes blessed. So if you want to do the equivalent to
2031 override or create an attribute you would say something like
2033 $self->{LIBS} = ['-ldbm -lucb -lc'];
2035 =head2 Distribution Support
2037 For authors of extensions MakeMaker provides several Makefile
2038 targets. Most of the support comes from the ExtUtils::Manifest module,
2039 where additional documentation can be found.
2043 =item make distcheck
2045 reports which files are below the build directory but not in the
2046 MANIFEST file and vice versa. (See ExtUtils::Manifest::fullcheck() for
2049 =item make skipcheck
2051 reports which files are skipped due to the entries in the
2052 C<MANIFEST.SKIP> file (See ExtUtils::Manifest::skipcheck() for
2055 =item make distclean
2057 does a realclean first and then the distcheck. Note that this is not
2058 needed to build a new distribution as long as you are sure that the
2059 MANIFEST file is ok.
2063 rewrites the MANIFEST file, adding all remaining files found (See
2064 ExtUtils::Manifest::mkmanifest() for details)
2068 Copies all the files that are in the MANIFEST file to a newly created
2069 directory with the name C<$(DISTNAME)-$(VERSION)>. If that directory
2070 exists, it will be removed first.
2074 Makes a distdir first, and runs a C<perl Makefile.PL>, a make, and
2075 a make test in that directory.
2079 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2080 command, followed by $(TOUNIX), which defaults to a null command under
2081 UNIX, and will convert files in distribution directory to UNIX format
2082 otherwise. Next it runs C<tar> on that directory into a tarfile and
2083 deletes the directory. Finishes with a command $(POSTOP) which
2084 defaults to a null command.
2088 Defaults to $(DIST_DEFAULT) which in turn defaults to tardist.
2090 =item make uutardist
2092 Runs a tardist first and uuencodes the tarfile.
2096 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2097 command. Next it runs C<shar> on that directory into a sharfile and
2098 deletes the intermediate directory again. Finishes with a command
2099 $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command. Note: For shdist to work
2100 properly a C<shar> program that can handle directories is mandatory.
2104 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2105 command. Runs C<$(ZIP) $(ZIPFLAGS)> on that directory into a
2106 zipfile. Then deletes that directory. Finishes with a command
2107 $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command.
2111 Does a $(CI) and a $(RCS_LABEL) on all files in the MANIFEST file.
2115 Customization of the dist targets can be done by specifying a hash
2116 reference to the dist attribute of the WriteMakefile call. The
2117 following parameters are recognized:
2120 COMPRESS ('gzip --best')
2123 TO_UNIX (depends on the system)
2124 RCS_LABEL ('rcs -q -Nv$(VERSION_SYM):')
2134 WriteMakefile( 'dist' => { COMPRESS=>"bzip2", SUFFIX=>".bz2" })
2136 =head2 Disabling an extension
2138 If some events detected in F<Makefile.PL> imply that there is no way
2139 to create the Module, but this is a normal state of things, then you
2140 can create a F<Makefile> which does nothing, but succeeds on all the
2141 "usual" build targets. To do so, use
2143 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::WriteEmptyMakefile();
2145 instead of WriteMakefile().
2147 This may be useful if other modules expect this module to be I<built>
2148 OK, as opposed to I<work> OK (say, this system-dependent module builds
2149 in a subdirectory of some other distribution, or is listed as a
2150 dependency in a CPAN::Bundle, but the functionality is supported by
2151 different means on the current architecture).
2159 Command line options used by C<MakeMaker-E<gt>new()>, and thus by
2160 C<WriteMakefile()>. The string is split on whitespace, and the result
2161 is processed before any actual command line arguments are processed.
2163 =item PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
2165 If set to a true value then MakeMaker's prompt function will
2166 always return the default without waiting for user input.
2172 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::testlib,
2173 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Embed
2177 Andy Dougherty <F<doughera@lafcol.lafayette.edu>>, Andreas KE<ouml>nig
2178 <F<andreas.koenig@mind.de>>, Tim Bunce <F<Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk>>. VMS
2179 support by Charles Bailey <F<bailey@newman.upenn.edu>>. OS/2 support
2180 by Ilya Zakharevich <F<ilya@math.ohio-state.edu>>.
2182 Contact the MakeMaker mailing list <F<makemaker@perl.org>> if you have
2185 Send patches and bug reports to <F<perlbug@perl.org>>.