1 package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
3 BEGIN {require 5.005_03;}
6 ($Revision = substr(q$Revision: 1.108 $, 10)) =~ s/\s+$//;
14 @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK
15 $Revision $VERSION $Verbose %Config
16 @Prepend_parent @Parent
17 %Recognized_Att_Keys @Get_from_Config @MM_Sections @Overridable
23 @EXPORT = qw(&WriteMakefile &writeMakefile $Verbose &prompt);
24 @EXPORT_OK = qw($VERSION &neatvalue &mkbootstrap &mksymlists);
26 # These will go away once the last of the Win32 & VMS specific code is
28 my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
29 my $Is_Win32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
31 # Our filename for diagnostic and debugging purposes. More reliable
32 # than %INC (think caseless filesystems)
37 require ExtUtils::MM; # Things like CPAN assume loading ExtUtils::MakeMaker
40 require ExtUtils::MY; # XXX pre-5.8 versions of ExtUtils::Embed expect
41 # loading ExtUtils::MakeMaker will give them MY.
42 # This will go when Embed is it's own CPAN module.
46 Carp::croak "WriteMakefile: Need even number of args" if @_ % 2;
53 my $mm = MM->new(\%att);
60 # Basic signatures of the attributes WriteMakefile takes. Each is the
61 # reference type. Empty value indicate it takes a non-reference
71 EXCLUDE_EXT => 'array',
76 INCLUDE_EXT => 'array',
87 _KEEP_AFTER_FLUSH => '',
97 tool_autosplit => 'hash',
100 @Att_Sigs{keys %Recognized_Att_Keys} = ('') x keys %Recognized_Att_Keys;
101 @Att_Sigs{keys %Special_Sigs} = values %Special_Sigs;
107 while( my($key, $val) = each %$att ) {
108 my $sig = $Att_Sigs{$key};
109 unless( defined $sig ) {
110 warn "WARNING: $key is not a known parameter.\n";
114 my @sigs = ref $sig ? @$sig : $sig;
115 my $given = lc ref $val;
116 unless( grep $given eq $_, @sigs ) {
117 my $takes = join " or ", map { $_ ne '' ? "$_ reference"
120 my $has = $given ne '' ? "$given reference"
122 warn "WARNING: $key takes a $takes not a $has.\n".
123 " Please inform the author.\n";
129 my($mess, $def) = @_;
130 Carp::confess("prompt function called without an argument")
131 unless defined $mess;
133 my $isa_tty = -t STDIN && (-t STDOUT || !(-f STDOUT || -c STDOUT)) ;
135 my $dispdef = defined $def ? "[$def] " : " ";
136 $def = defined $def ? $def : "";
140 print "$mess $dispdef";
143 if ($ENV{PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT} || (!$isa_tty && eof STDIN)) {
151 else { # user hit ctrl-D
156 return (!defined $ans || $ans eq '') ? $def : $ans;
159 sub eval_in_subdirs {
161 use Cwd qw(cwd abs_path);
162 my $pwd = cwd() || die "Can't figure out your cwd!";
164 local @INC = map eval {abs_path($_) if -e} || $_, @INC;
165 push @INC, '.'; # '.' has to always be at the end of @INC
167 foreach my $dir (@{$self->{DIR}}){
168 my($abs) = $self->catdir($pwd,$dir);
169 $self->eval_in_x($abs);
176 chdir $dir or Carp::carp("Couldn't change to directory $dir: $!");
183 # if ($@ =~ /prerequisites/) {
184 # die "MakeMaker WARNING: $@";
186 # warn "WARNING from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
188 die "ERROR from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
193 # package name for the classes into which the first object will be blessed
194 my $PACKNAME = 'PACK000';
199 my @attrib_help = qw/
201 AUTHOR ABSTRACT ABSTRACT_FROM BINARY_LOCATION
202 C CAPI CCFLAGS CONFIG CONFIGURE DEFINE DIR DISTNAME DL_FUNCS DL_VARS
203 EXCLUDE_EXT EXE_FILES FIRST_MAKEFILE
204 FULLPERL FULLPERLRUN FULLPERLRUNINST
206 INST_ARCHLIB INST_SCRIPT INST_BIN INST_LIB INST_MAN1DIR INST_MAN3DIR
209 PERLPREFIX SITEPREFIX VENDORPREFIX
210 INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALLSITELIB INSTALLVENDORLIB
211 INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALLSITEARCH INSTALLVENDORARCH
212 INSTALLBIN INSTALLSITEBIN INSTALLVENDORBIN
213 INSTALLMAN1DIR INSTALLMAN3DIR
214 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR
215 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
217 PERL_LIB PERL_ARCHLIB
218 SITELIBEXP SITEARCHEXP
219 INC INCLUDE_EXT LDFROM LIB LIBPERL_A LIBS
220 LINKTYPE MAKEAPERL MAKEFILE_OLD MAN1PODS MAN3PODS MAP_TARGET
223 NAME NEEDS_LINKING NOECHO NORECURS NO_VC OBJECT OPTIMIZE PERL PERLMAINCC
224 PERLRUN PERLRUNINST PERL_CORE
225 PERL_SRC PERM_RW PERM_RWX
226 PL_FILES PM PM_FILTER PMLIBDIRS POLLUTE PPM_INSTALL_EXEC
227 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT PREREQ_FATAL PREREQ_PM PREREQ_PRINT PRINT_PREREQ
228 SKIP TYPEMAPS VERSION VERSION_FROM XS XSOPT XSPROTOARG
229 XS_VERSION clean depend dist dynamic_lib linkext macro realclean
231 MACPERL_SRC MACPERL_LIB MACLIBS_68K MACLIBS_PPC MACLIBS_SC MACLIBS_MRC
232 MACLIBS_ALL_68K MACLIBS_ALL_PPC MACLIBS_SHARED
235 # IMPORTS is used under OS/2 and Win32
237 # @Overridable is close to @MM_Sections but not identical. The
238 # order is important. Many subroutines declare macros. These
239 # depend on each other. Let's try to collect the macros up front,
240 # then pasthru, then the rules.
242 # MM_Sections are the sections we have to call explicitly
243 # in Overridable we have subroutines that are used indirectly
249 post_initialize const_config constants platform_constants
250 tool_autosplit tool_xsubpp tools_other
254 dist macro depend cflags const_loadlibs const_cccmd
261 top_targets linkext dlsyms dynamic dynamic_bs
262 dynamic_lib static static_lib manifypods processPL
264 clean_subdirs clean realclean_subdirs realclean
265 metafile metafile_addtomanifest
266 dist_basics dist_core distdir dist_test dist_ci
267 install force perldepend makefile staticmake test ppd
269 ); # loses section ordering
271 @Overridable = @MM_Sections;
272 push @Overridable, qw[
274 dir_target libscan makeaperl needs_linking perm_rw perm_rwx
275 subdir_x test_via_harness test_via_script init_PERL
278 push @MM_Sections, qw[
280 pm_to_blib selfdocument
284 # Postamble needs to be the last that was always the case
285 push @MM_Sections, "postamble";
286 push @Overridable, "postamble";
288 # All sections are valid keys.
289 @Recognized_Att_Keys{@MM_Sections} = (1) x @MM_Sections;
291 # we will use all these variables in the Makefile
294 ar cc cccdlflags ccdlflags dlext dlsrc ld lddlflags ldflags libc
295 lib_ext obj_ext osname osvers ranlib sitelibexp sitearchexp so
299 # 5.5.3 doesn't have any concept of vendor libs
300 push @Get_from_Config, qw( vendorarchexp vendorlibexp ) if $] >= 5.006;
302 foreach my $item (@attrib_help){
303 $Recognized_Att_Keys{$item} = 1;
305 foreach my $item (@Get_from_Config) {
306 $Recognized_Att_Keys{uc $item} = $Config{$item};
307 print "Attribute '\U$item\E' => '$Config{$item}'\n"
312 # When we eval a Makefile.PL in a subdirectory, that one will ask
313 # us (the parent) for the values and will prepend "..", so that
314 # all files to be installed end up below OUR ./blib
316 @Prepend_parent = qw(
317 INST_BIN INST_LIB INST_ARCHLIB INST_SCRIPT
318 MAP_TARGET INST_MAN1DIR INST_MAN3DIR PERL_SRC
326 The extension you are trying to build apparently is rather old and
327 most probably outdated. We detect that from the fact, that a
328 subroutine "writeMakefile" is called, and this subroutine is not
329 supported anymore since about October 1994.
331 Please contact the author or look into CPAN (details about CPAN can be
332 found in the FAQ and at http:/www.perl.com) for a more recent version
333 of the extension. If you're really desperate, you can try to change
334 the subroutine name from writeMakefile to WriteMakefile and rerun
335 'perl Makefile.PL', but you're most probably left alone, when you do
344 my($class,$self) = @_;
347 # Store the original args passed to WriteMakefile()
348 foreach my $k (keys %$self) {
349 $self->{ARGS}{$k} = $self->{$k};
352 if ("@ARGV" =~ /\bPREREQ_PRINT\b/) {
353 require Data::Dumper;
354 print Data::Dumper->Dump([$self->{PREREQ_PM}], [qw(PREREQ_PM)]);
357 # PRINT_PREREQ is RedHatism.
358 if ("@ARGV" =~ /\bPRINT_PREREQ\b/) {
359 print join(" ", map { "perl($_)>=$self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$_} " } sort keys %{$self->{PREREQ_PM}}), "\n";
363 print STDOUT "MakeMaker (v$VERSION)\n" if $Verbose;
364 if (-f "MANIFEST" && ! -f "Makefile"){
368 $self = {} unless (defined $self);
372 my %configure_att; # record &{$self->{CONFIGURE}} attributes
373 my(%initial_att) = %$self; # record initial attributes
375 my(%unsatisfied) = ();
376 foreach my $prereq (sort keys %{$self->{PREREQ_PM}}) {
377 # 5.8.0 has a bug with require Foo::Bar alone in an eval, so an
378 # extra statement is a workaround.
379 eval "require $prereq; 0";
381 my $pr_version = $prereq->VERSION || 0;
383 # convert X.Y_Z alpha version #s to X.YZ for easier comparisons
384 $pr_version =~ s/(\d+)\.(\d+)_(\d+)/$1.$2$3/;
387 warn sprintf "Warning: prerequisite %s %s not found.\n",
388 $prereq, $self->{PREREQ_PM}{$prereq}
389 unless $self->{PREREQ_FATAL};
390 $unsatisfied{$prereq} = 'not installed';
391 } elsif ($pr_version < $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} ){
392 warn sprintf "Warning: prerequisite %s %s not found. We have %s.\n",
393 $prereq, $self->{PREREQ_PM}{$prereq},
394 ($pr_version || 'unknown version')
395 unless $self->{PREREQ_FATAL};
396 $unsatisfied{$prereq} = $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} ?
397 $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} : 'unknown version' ;
400 if (%unsatisfied && $self->{PREREQ_FATAL}){
401 my $failedprereqs = join ', ', map {"$_ $unsatisfied{$_}"}
403 die qq{MakeMaker FATAL: prerequisites not found ($failedprereqs)\n
404 Please install these modules first and rerun 'perl Makefile.PL'.\n};
407 if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
408 if (ref $self->{CONFIGURE} eq 'CODE') {
409 %configure_att = %{&{$self->{CONFIGURE}}};
410 $self = { %$self, %configure_att };
412 Carp::croak "Attribute 'CONFIGURE' to WriteMakefile() not a code reference\n";
416 # This is for old Makefiles written pre 5.00, will go away
417 if ( Carp::longmess("") =~ /runsubdirpl/s ){
418 Carp::carp("WARNING: Please rerun 'perl Makefile.PL' to regenerate your Makefiles\n");
421 my $newclass = ++$PACKNAME;
422 local @Parent = @Parent; # Protect against non-local exits
425 print "Blessing Object into class [$newclass]\n" if $Verbose>=2;
426 mv_all_methods("MY",$newclass);
427 bless $self, $newclass;
429 require ExtUtils::MY;
430 @{"$newclass\:\:ISA"} = 'MM';
433 if (defined $Parent[-2]){
434 $self->{PARENT} = $Parent[-2];
436 for $key (@Prepend_parent) {
437 next unless defined $self->{PARENT}{$key};
438 $self->{$key} = $self->{PARENT}{$key};
439 unless ($Is_VMS && $key =~ /PERL$/) {
440 $self->{$key} = $self->catdir("..",$self->{$key})
441 unless $self->file_name_is_absolute($self->{$key});
443 # PERL or FULLPERL will be a command verb or even a
444 # command with an argument instead of a full file
445 # specification under VMS. So, don't turn the command
446 # into a filespec, but do add a level to the path of
447 # the argument if not already absolute.
448 my @cmd = split /\s+/, $self->{$key};
449 $cmd[1] = $self->catfile('[-]',$cmd[1])
450 unless (@cmd < 2) || $self->file_name_is_absolute($cmd[1]);
451 $self->{$key} = join(' ', @cmd);
454 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
455 $self->{PARENT}->{CHILDREN}->{$newclass} = $self;
456 foreach my $opt (qw(POLLUTE PERL_CORE)) {
457 if (exists $self->{PARENT}->{$opt}
458 and not exists $self->{$opt})
460 # inherit, but only if already unspecified
461 $self->{$opt} = $self->{PARENT}->{$opt};
465 my @fm = grep /^FIRST_MAKEFILE=/, @ARGV;
466 parse_args($self,@fm) if @fm;
468 parse_args($self,split(' ', $ENV{PERL_MM_OPT} || ''),@ARGV);
471 $self->{NAME} ||= $self->guess_name;
473 ($self->{NAME_SYM} = $self->{NAME}) =~ s/\W+/_/g;
483 $self->init_DIRFILESEP;
486 if (! $self->{PERL_SRC} ) {
487 require VMS::Filespec if $Is_VMS;
488 my($pthinks) = $self->canonpath($INC{'Config.pm'});
489 my($cthinks) = $self->catfile($Config{'archlibexp'},'Config.pm');
490 $pthinks = VMS::Filespec::vmsify($pthinks) if $Is_VMS;
491 if ($pthinks ne $cthinks &&
492 !($Is_Win32 and lc($pthinks) eq lc($cthinks))) {
493 print "Have $pthinks expected $cthinks\n";
495 $pthinks =~ s![/\\]Config\.pm$!!i; $pthinks =~ s!.*[/\\]!!;
498 $pthinks =~ s!/Config\.pm$!!; $pthinks =~ s!.*/!!;
500 print STDOUT <<END unless $self->{UNINSTALLED_PERL};
501 Your perl and your Config.pm seem to have different ideas about the
502 architecture they are running on.
503 Perl thinks: [$pthinks]
504 Config says: [$Config{archname}]
505 This may or may not cause problems. Please check your installation of perl
506 if you have problems building this extension.
511 $self->init_others();
512 $self->init_platform();
514 my($argv) = neatvalue(\@ARGV);
518 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
519 # This Makefile is for the $self->{NAME} extension to perl.
521 # It was generated automatically by MakeMaker version
522 # $VERSION (Revision: $Revision) from the contents of
523 # Makefile.PL. Don't edit this file, edit Makefile.PL instead.
525 # ANY CHANGES MADE HERE WILL BE LOST!
527 # MakeMaker ARGV: $argv
529 # MakeMaker Parameters:
532 foreach my $key (sort keys %initial_att){
533 next if $key eq 'ARGS';
535 my($v) = neatvalue($initial_att{$key});
536 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
538 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# $key => $v";
540 undef %initial_att; # free memory
542 if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
543 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
545 # MakeMaker 'CONFIGURE' Parameters:
547 if (scalar(keys %configure_att) > 0) {
548 foreach my $key (sort keys %configure_att){
549 next if $key eq 'ARGS';
550 my($v) = neatvalue($configure_att{$key});
551 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
553 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# $key => $v";
558 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# no values returned";
560 undef %configure_att; # free memory
563 # turn the SKIP array into a SKIPHASH hash
565 for $skip (@{$self->{SKIP} || []}) {
566 $self->{SKIPHASH}{$skip} = 1;
568 delete $self->{SKIP}; # free memory
570 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
571 for (qw/install dist dist_basics dist_core distdir dist_test dist_ci/) {
572 $self->{SKIPHASH}{$_} = 1;
576 # We run all the subdirectories now. They don't have much to query
577 # from the parent, but the parent has to query them: if they need linking!
578 unless ($self->{NORECURS}) {
579 $self->eval_in_subdirs if @{$self->{DIR}};
582 foreach my $section ( @MM_Sections ){
583 # Support for new foo_target() methods.
584 my $method = $section;
585 $method .= '_target' unless $self->can($method);
587 print "Processing Makefile '$section' section\n" if ($Verbose >= 2);
588 my($skipit) = $self->skipcheck($section);
590 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section $skipit.";
592 my(%a) = %{$self->{$section} || {}};
593 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section:";
594 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# " . join ", ", %a if $Verbose && %a;
595 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, $self->nicetext($self->$method( %a ));
599 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# End.";
604 sub WriteEmptyMakefile {
605 Carp::croak "WriteEmptyMakefile: Need even number of args" if @_ % 2;
608 my $self = MM->new(\%att);
609 if (-f $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD}) {
610 _unlink($self->{MAKEFILE_OLD}) or
611 warn "unlink $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD}: $!";
613 if ( -f $self->{MAKEFILE} ) {
614 _rename($self->{MAKEFILE}, $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD}) or
615 warn "rename $self->{MAKEFILE} => $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD}: $!"
617 open MF, '>'.$self->{MAKEFILE} or die "open $self->{MAKEFILE} for write: $!";
630 close MF or die "close $self->{MAKEFILE} for write: $!";
634 print STDOUT "Checking if your kit is complete...\n";
635 require ExtUtils::Manifest;
637 $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet = $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet = 1;
638 my(@missed) = ExtUtils::Manifest::manicheck();
640 print STDOUT "Warning: the following files are missing in your kit:\n";
641 print "\t", join "\n\t", @missed;
643 print STDOUT "Please inform the author.\n";
645 print STDOUT "Looks good\n";
650 my($self, @args) = @_;
652 unless (m/(.*?)=(.*)/) {
653 help(),exit 1 if m/^help$/;
654 ++$Verbose if m/^verb/;
657 my($name, $value) = ($1, $2);
658 if ($value =~ m/^~(\w+)?/) { # tilde with optional username
659 $value =~ s [^~(\w*)]
661 ((getpwnam($1))[7] || "~$1") :
666 # Remember the original args passed it. It will be useful later.
667 $self->{ARGS}{uc $name} = $self->{uc $name} = $value;
670 # catch old-style 'potential_libs' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
671 if (defined $self->{potential_libs}){
672 my($msg)="'potential_libs' => '$self->{potential_libs}' should be";
673 if ($self->{potential_libs}){
674 print STDOUT "$msg changed to:\n\t'LIBS' => ['$self->{potential_libs}']\n";
676 print STDOUT "$msg deleted.\n";
678 $self->{LIBS} = [$self->{potential_libs}];
679 delete $self->{potential_libs};
681 # catch old-style 'ARMAYBE' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
682 if (defined $self->{ARMAYBE}){
683 my($armaybe) = $self->{ARMAYBE};
684 print STDOUT "ARMAYBE => '$armaybe' should be changed to:\n",
685 "\t'dynamic_lib' => {ARMAYBE => '$armaybe'}\n";
686 my(%dl) = %{$self->{dynamic_lib} || {}};
687 $self->{dynamic_lib} = { %dl, ARMAYBE => $armaybe};
688 delete $self->{ARMAYBE};
690 if (defined $self->{LDTARGET}){
691 print STDOUT "LDTARGET should be changed to LDFROM\n";
692 $self->{LDFROM} = $self->{LDTARGET};
693 delete $self->{LDTARGET};
695 # Turn a DIR argument on the command line into an array
696 if (defined $self->{DIR} && ref \$self->{DIR} eq 'SCALAR') {
697 # So they can choose from the command line, which extensions they want
698 # the grep enables them to have some colons too much in case they
699 # have to build a list with the shell
700 $self->{DIR} = [grep $_, split ":", $self->{DIR}];
702 # Turn a INCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
703 if (defined $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{INCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
704 $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{INCLUDE_EXT}];
706 # Turn a EXCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
707 if (defined $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
708 $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT}];
711 foreach my $mmkey (sort keys %$self){
712 next if $mmkey eq 'ARGS';
713 print STDOUT " $mmkey => ", neatvalue($self->{$mmkey}), "\n" if $Verbose;
714 print STDOUT "'$mmkey' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name.\n"
715 unless exists $Recognized_Att_Keys{$mmkey};
722 # We allow extension-specific hints files.
725 my $curdir = File::Spec->curdir;
727 my $hint_dir = File::Spec->catdir($curdir, "hints");
728 return unless -d $hint_dir;
730 # First we look for the best hintsfile we have
731 my($hint)="${^O}_$Config{osvers}";
736 # Also try without trailing minor version numbers.
738 last if -f File::Spec->catfile($hint_dir, "$hint.pl"); # found
740 last unless $hint =~ s/_[^_]*$//; # nothing to cut off
742 my $hint_file = File::Spec->catfile($hint_dir, "$hint.pl");
744 return unless -f $hint_file; # really there
746 _run_hintfile($self, $hint_file);
751 local($self) = shift; # make $self available to the hint file.
752 my($hint_file) = shift;
755 print STDERR "Processing hints file $hint_file\n";
757 # Just in case the ./ isn't on the hint file, which File::Spec can
758 # often strip off, we bung the curdir into @INC
759 local @INC = (File::Spec->curdir, @INC);
760 my $ret = do $hint_file;
761 if( !defined $ret ) {
762 my $error = $@ || $!;
770 my($symtab) = \%{"${from}::"};
772 # Here you see the *current* list of methods that are overridable
773 # from Makefile.PL via MY:: subroutines. As of VERSION 5.07 I'm
774 # still trying to reduce the list to some reasonable minimum --
775 # because I want to make it easier for the user. A.K.
777 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
778 # can't use 'no warnings redefined', 5.6 only
779 warn @_ unless $_[0] =~ /^Subroutine .* redefined/
781 foreach my $method (@Overridable) {
783 # We cannot say "next" here. Nick might call MY->makeaperl
784 # which isn't defined right now
786 # Above statement was written at 4.23 time when Tk-b8 was
787 # around. As Tk-b9 only builds with 5.002something and MM 5 is
788 # standard, we try to enable the next line again. It was
789 # commented out until MM 5.23
791 next unless defined &{"${from}::$method"};
793 *{"${to}::$method"} = \&{"${from}::$method"};
795 # delete would do, if we were sure, nobody ever called
796 # MY->makeaperl directly
798 # delete $symtab->{$method};
800 # If we delete a method, then it will be undefined and cannot
801 # be called. But as long as we have Makefile.PLs that rely on
802 # %MY:: being intact, we have to fill the hole with an
805 eval "package MY; sub $method { shift->SUPER::$method(\@_); }";
808 # We have to clean out %INC also, because the current directory is
809 # changed frequently and Graham Barr prefers to get his version
810 # out of a History.pl file which is "required" so woudn't get
811 # loaded again in another extension requiring a History.pl
813 # With perl5.002_01 the deletion of entries in %INC caused Tk-b11
814 # to core dump in the middle of a require statement. The required
815 # file was Tk/MMutil.pm. The consequence is, we have to be
816 # extremely careful when we try to give perl a reason to reload a
817 # library with same name. The workaround prefers to drop nothing
818 # from %INC and teach the writers not to use such libraries.
821 # foreach $inc (keys %INC) {
822 # #warn "***$inc*** deleted";
830 if ($section eq 'dynamic') {
831 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
832 "in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
833 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
834 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
835 "in skipped section 'dynamic_lib'\n"
836 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_lib} && $Verbose;
838 if ($section eq 'dynamic_lib') {
839 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target '\$(INST_DYNAMIC)' depends on ",
840 "targets in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
841 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
843 if ($section eq 'static') {
844 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'static' depends on targets ",
845 "in skipped section 'static_lib'\n"
846 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{static_lib} && $Verbose;
848 return 'skipped' if $self->{SKIPHASH}{$section};
856 print STDOUT "Writing $self->{MAKEFILE} for $self->{NAME}\n";
858 unlink($self->{MAKEFILE}, "MakeMaker.tmp", $Is_VMS ? 'Descrip.MMS' : '');
859 open(FH,">MakeMaker.tmp") or die "Unable to open MakeMaker.tmp: $!";
861 for $chunk (@{$self->{RESULT}}) {
866 my($finalname) = $self->{MAKEFILE};
867 _rename("MakeMaker.tmp", $finalname) or
868 warn "rename MakeMaker.tmp => $finalname: $!";
869 chmod 0644, $finalname unless $Is_VMS;
871 my %keep = map { ($_ => 1) } qw(NEEDS_LINKING HAS_LINK_CODE);
873 if ($self->{PARENT} && !$self->{_KEEP_AFTER_FLUSH}) {
874 foreach (keys %$self) { # safe memory
875 delete $self->{$_} unless $keep{$_};
879 system("$Config::Config{eunicefix} $finalname") unless $Config::Config{eunicefix} eq ":";
883 # This is a rename for OS's where the target must be unlinked first.
885 my($src, $dest) = @_;
888 return rename $src, $dest;
891 # This is an unlink for OS's where the target must be writable first.
895 return unlink @files;
899 # The following mkbootstrap() is only for installations that are calling
900 # the pre-4.1 mkbootstrap() from their old Makefiles. This MakeMaker
901 # writes Makefiles, that use ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap directly.
904 !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
905 !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker. !!!
906 !!! Please rebuild your Makefile !!!
910 # Ditto for mksymlists() as of MakeMaker 5.17
913 !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
914 !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker. !!!
915 !!! Please rebuild your Makefile !!!
921 return "undef" unless defined $v;
923 return "q[$v]" unless $t;
927 foreach my $elem (@$v) {
928 push @neat, "q[$elem]";
930 push @m, join ", ", @neat;
934 return "$v" unless $t eq 'HASH';
936 while (($key,$val) = each %$v){
937 last unless defined $key; # cautious programming in case (undef,undef) is true
938 push(@m,"$key=>".neatvalue($val)) ;
940 return "{ ".join(', ',@m)." }";
947 push @m, "\n# Full list of MakeMaker attribute values:";
948 foreach my $key (sort keys %$self){
949 next if $key eq 'RESULT' || $key =~ /^[A-Z][a-z]/;
950 my($v) = neatvalue($self->{$key});
951 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
953 push @m, "# $key => $v";
965 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
969 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
971 WriteMakefile( ATTRIBUTE => VALUE [, ...] );
975 This utility is designed to write a Makefile for an extension module
976 from a Makefile.PL. It is based on the Makefile.SH model provided by
977 Andy Dougherty and the perl5-porters.
979 It splits the task of generating the Makefile into several subroutines
980 that can be individually overridden. Each subroutine returns the text
981 it wishes to have written to the Makefile.
983 MakeMaker is object oriented. Each directory below the current
984 directory that contains a Makefile.PL is treated as a separate
985 object. This makes it possible to write an unlimited number of
986 Makefiles with a single invocation of WriteMakefile().
988 =head2 How To Write A Makefile.PL
990 See ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial.
992 The long answer is the rest of the manpage :-)
994 =head2 Default Makefile Behaviour
996 The generated Makefile enables the user of the extension to invoke
998 perl Makefile.PL # optionally "perl Makefile.PL verbose"
1000 make test # optionally set TEST_VERBOSE=1
1001 make install # See below
1003 The Makefile to be produced may be altered by adding arguments of the
1004 form C<KEY=VALUE>. E.g.
1006 perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/tmp/myperl5
1008 Other interesting targets in the generated Makefile are
1010 make config # to check if the Makefile is up-to-date
1011 make clean # delete local temp files (Makefile gets renamed)
1012 make realclean # delete derived files (including ./blib)
1013 make ci # check in all the files in the MANIFEST file
1014 make dist # see below the Distribution Support section
1018 MakeMaker checks for the existence of a file named F<test.pl> in the
1019 current directory and if it exists it execute the script with the
1020 proper set of perl C<-I> options.
1022 MakeMaker also checks for any files matching glob("t/*.t"). It will
1023 execute all matching files in alphabetical order via the
1024 L<Test::Harness> module with the C<-I> switches set correctly.
1026 If you'd like to see the raw output of your tests, set the
1027 C<TEST_VERBOSE> variable to true.
1029 make test TEST_VERBOSE=1
1033 A useful variation of the above is the target C<testdb>. It runs the
1034 test under the Perl debugger (see L<perldebug>). If the file
1035 F<test.pl> exists in the current directory, it is used for the test.
1037 If you want to debug some other testfile, set the C<TEST_FILE> variable
1040 make testdb TEST_FILE=t/mytest.t
1042 By default the debugger is called using C<-d> option to perl. If you
1043 want to specify some other option, set the C<TESTDB_SW> variable:
1045 make testdb TESTDB_SW=-Dx
1049 make alone puts all relevant files into directories that are named by
1050 the macros INST_LIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_SCRIPT, INST_MAN1DIR and
1051 INST_MAN3DIR. All these default to something below ./blib if you are
1052 I<not> building below the perl source directory. If you I<are>
1053 building below the perl source, INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB default to
1054 ../../lib, and INST_SCRIPT is not defined.
1056 The I<install> target of the generated Makefile copies the files found
1057 below each of the INST_* directories to their INSTALL*
1058 counterparts. Which counterparts are chosen depends on the setting of
1059 INSTALLDIRS according to the following table:
1064 PERLPREFIX SITEPREFIX VENDORPREFIX
1065 INST_ARCHLIB INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALLSITEARCH INSTALLVENDORARCH
1066 INST_LIB INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALLSITELIB INSTALLVENDORLIB
1067 INST_BIN INSTALLBIN INSTALLSITEBIN INSTALLVENDORBIN
1068 INST_SCRIPT INSTALLSCRIPT INSTALLSCRIPT INSTALLSCRIPT
1069 INST_MAN1DIR INSTALLMAN1DIR INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR
1070 INST_MAN3DIR INSTALLMAN3DIR INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
1072 The INSTALL... macros in turn default to their %Config
1073 ($Config{installprivlib}, $Config{installarchlib}, etc.) counterparts.
1075 You can check the values of these variables on your system with
1079 And to check the sequence in which the library directories are
1080 searched by perl, run
1082 perl -le 'print join $/, @INC'
1085 =head2 PREFIX and LIB attribute
1087 PREFIX and LIB can be used to set several INSTALL* attributes in one
1088 go. The quickest way to install a module in a non-standard place might
1091 perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=~
1093 This will install all files in the module under your home directory,
1094 with man pages and libraries going into an appropriate place (usually
1097 Another way to specify many INSTALL directories with a single
1100 perl Makefile.PL LIB=~/lib
1102 This will install the module's architecture-independent files into
1103 ~/lib, the architecture-dependent files into ~/lib/$archname.
1105 Note, that in both cases the tilde expansion is done by MakeMaker, not
1106 by perl by default, nor by make.
1108 Conflicts between parameters LIB, PREFIX and the various INSTALL*
1109 arguments are resolved so that:
1115 setting LIB overrides any setting of INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB,
1116 INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH (and they are not affected by PREFIX);
1120 without LIB, setting PREFIX replaces the initial C<$Config{prefix}>
1121 part of those INSTALL* arguments, even if the latter are explicitly
1122 set (but are set to still start with C<$Config{prefix}>).
1126 If the user has superuser privileges, and is not working on AFS or
1127 relatives, then the defaults for INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB,
1128 INSTALLSCRIPT, etc. will be appropriate, and this incantation will be
1136 make install per default writes some documentation of what has been
1137 done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This feature
1138 can be bypassed by calling make pure_install.
1142 will have to specify the installation directories as these most
1143 probably have changed since perl itself has been installed. They will
1144 have to do this by calling
1146 perl Makefile.PL INSTALLSITELIB=/afs/here/today \
1147 INSTALLSCRIPT=/afs/there/now INSTALLMAN3DIR=/afs/for/manpages
1150 Be careful to repeat this procedure every time you recompile an
1151 extension, unless you are sure the AFS installation directories are
1154 =head2 Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
1156 An extension that is built with the above steps is ready to use on
1157 systems supporting dynamic loading. On systems that do not support
1158 dynamic loading, any newly created extension has to be linked together
1159 with the available resources. MakeMaker supports the linking process
1160 by creating appropriate targets in the Makefile whenever an extension
1161 is built. You can invoke the corresponding section of the makefile with
1165 That produces a new perl binary in the current directory with all
1166 extensions linked in that can be found in INST_ARCHLIB, SITELIBEXP,
1167 and PERL_ARCHLIB. To do that, MakeMaker writes a new Makefile, on
1168 UNIX, this is called Makefile.aperl (may be system dependent). If you
1169 want to force the creation of a new perl, it is recommended, that you
1170 delete this Makefile.aperl, so the directories are searched-through
1171 for linkable libraries again.
1173 The binary can be installed into the directory where perl normally
1174 resides on your machine with
1178 To produce a perl binary with a different name than C<perl>, either say
1180 perl Makefile.PL MAP_TARGET=myperl
1187 make myperl MAP_TARGET=myperl
1188 make inst_perl MAP_TARGET=myperl
1190 In any case you will be prompted with the correct invocation of the
1191 C<inst_perl> target that installs the new binary into INSTALLBIN.
1193 make inst_perl per default writes some documentation of what has been
1194 done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This
1195 can be bypassed by calling make pure_inst_perl.
1197 Warning: the inst_perl: target will most probably overwrite your
1198 existing perl binary. Use with care!
1200 Sometimes you might want to build a statically linked perl although
1201 your system supports dynamic loading. In this case you may explicitly
1202 set the linktype with the invocation of the Makefile.PL or make:
1204 perl Makefile.PL LINKTYPE=static # recommended
1208 make LINKTYPE=static # works on most systems
1210 =head2 Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
1212 MakeMaker needs to know, or to guess, where certain things are
1213 located. Especially INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB (where to put the files
1214 during the make(1) run), PERL_LIB and PERL_ARCHLIB (where to read
1215 existing modules from), and PERL_INC (header files and C<libperl*.*>).
1217 Extensions may be built either using the contents of the perl source
1218 directory tree or from the installed perl library. The recommended way
1219 is to build extensions after you have run 'make install' on perl
1220 itself. You can do that in any directory on your hard disk that is not
1221 below the perl source tree. The support for extensions below the ext
1222 directory of the perl distribution is only good for the standard
1223 extensions that come with perl.
1225 If an extension is being built below the C<ext/> directory of the perl
1226 source then MakeMaker will set PERL_SRC automatically (e.g.,
1227 C<../..>). If PERL_SRC is defined and the extension is recognized as
1228 a standard extension, then other variables default to the following:
1231 PERL_LIB = PERL_SRC/lib
1232 PERL_ARCHLIB = PERL_SRC/lib
1234 INST_ARCHLIB = PERL_ARCHLIB
1236 If an extension is being built away from the perl source then MakeMaker
1237 will leave PERL_SRC undefined and default to using the installed copy
1238 of the perl library. The other variables default to the following:
1240 PERL_INC = $archlibexp/CORE
1241 PERL_LIB = $privlibexp
1242 PERL_ARCHLIB = $archlibexp
1243 INST_LIB = ./blib/lib
1244 INST_ARCHLIB = ./blib/arch
1246 If perl has not yet been installed then PERL_SRC can be defined on the
1247 command line as shown in the previous section.
1250 =head2 Which architecture dependent directory?
1252 If you don't want to keep the defaults for the INSTALL* macros,
1253 MakeMaker helps you to minimize the typing needed: the usual
1254 relationship between INSTALLPRIVLIB and INSTALLARCHLIB is determined
1255 by Configure at perl compilation time. MakeMaker supports the user who
1256 sets INSTALLPRIVLIB. If INSTALLPRIVLIB is set, but INSTALLARCHLIB not,
1257 then MakeMaker defaults the latter to be the same subdirectory of
1258 INSTALLPRIVLIB as Configure decided for the counterparts in %Config ,
1259 otherwise it defaults to INSTALLPRIVLIB. The same relationship holds
1260 for INSTALLSITELIB and INSTALLSITEARCH.
1262 MakeMaker gives you much more freedom than needed to configure
1263 internal variables and get different results. It is worth to mention,
1264 that make(1) also lets you configure most of the variables that are
1265 used in the Makefile. But in the majority of situations this will not
1266 be necessary, and should only be done if the author of a package
1267 recommends it (or you know what you're doing).
1269 =head2 Using Attributes and Parameters
1271 The following attributes may be specified as arguments to WriteMakefile()
1272 or as NAME=VALUE pairs on the command line.
1278 One line description of the module. Will be included in PPD file.
1282 Name of the file that contains the package description. MakeMaker looks
1283 for a line in the POD matching /^($package\s-\s)(.*)/. This is typically
1284 the first line in the "=head1 NAME" section. $2 becomes the abstract.
1288 String containing name (and email address) of package author(s). Is used
1289 in PPD (Perl Package Description) files for PPM (Perl Package Manager).
1291 =item BINARY_LOCATION
1293 Used when creating PPD files for binary packages. It can be set to a
1294 full or relative path or URL to the binary archive for a particular
1295 architecture. For example:
1297 perl Makefile.PL BINARY_LOCATION=x86/Agent.tar.gz
1299 builds a PPD package that references a binary of the C<Agent> package,
1300 located in the C<x86> directory relative to the PPD itself.
1304 Ref to array of *.c file names. Initialised from a directory scan
1305 and the values portion of the XS attribute hash. This is not
1306 currently used by MakeMaker but may be handy in Makefile.PLs.
1310 String that will be included in the compiler call command line between
1311 the arguments INC and OPTIMIZE.
1315 Arrayref. E.g. [qw(archname manext)] defines ARCHNAME & MANEXT from
1316 config.sh. MakeMaker will add to CONFIG the following values anyway:
1336 CODE reference. The subroutine should return a hash reference. The
1337 hash may contain further attributes, e.g. {LIBS =E<gt> ...}, that have to
1338 be determined by some evaluation method.
1342 Something like C<"-DHAVE_UNISTD_H">
1346 This is the root directory into which the code will be installed. It
1347 I<prepends itself to the normal prefix>. For example, if your code
1348 would normally go into /usr/local/lib/perl you could set DESTDIR=/tmp
1349 and installation would go into /tmp/usr/local/lib/perl.
1351 This is primarily of use for people who repackage Perl modules.
1353 From the GNU Makefile conventions.
1357 Ref to array of subdirectories containing Makefile.PLs e.g. [ 'sdbm'
1362 A safe filename for the package.
1364 Defaults to NAME above but with :: replaced with -.
1366 For example, Foo::Bar becomes Foo-Bar.
1370 Your name for distributing the package with the version number
1371 included. This is used by 'make dist' to name the resulting archive
1374 Defaults to DISTNAME-VERSION.
1376 For example, version 1.04 of Foo::Bar becomes Foo-Bar-1.04.
1378 On some OS's where . has special meaning VERSION_SYM may be used in
1383 Hashref of symbol names for routines to be made available as universal
1384 symbols. Each key/value pair consists of the package name and an
1385 array of routine names in that package. Used only under AIX, OS/2,
1386 VMS and Win32 at present. The routine names supplied will be expanded
1387 in the same way as XSUB names are expanded by the XS() macro.
1390 {"$(NAME)" => ["boot_$(NAME)" ] }
1394 {"RPC" => [qw( boot_rpcb rpcb_gettime getnetconfigent )],
1395 "NetconfigPtr" => [ 'DESTROY'] }
1397 Please see the L<ExtUtils::Mksymlists> documentation for more information
1398 about the DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS and FUNCLIST attributes.
1402 Array of symbol names for variables to be made available as universal symbols.
1403 Used only under AIX, OS/2, VMS and Win32 at present. Defaults to [].
1404 (e.g. [ qw(Foo_version Foo_numstreams Foo_tree ) ])
1408 Array of extension names to exclude when doing a static build. This
1409 is ignored if INCLUDE_EXT is present. Consult INCLUDE_EXT for more
1410 details. (e.g. [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ] )
1412 This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
1413 command line: perl Makefile.PL EXCLUDE_EXT='Socket Safe'
1417 Ref to array of executable files. The files will be copied to the
1418 INST_SCRIPT directory. Make realclean will delete them from there
1421 =item FIRST_MAKEFILE
1423 The name of the Makefile to be produced. This is used for the second
1424 Makefile that will be produced for the MAP_TARGET.
1426 Defaults to 'Makefile' or 'Descrip.MMS' on VMS.
1428 (Note: we couldn't use MAKEFILE because dmake uses this for something
1433 Perl binary able to run this extension, load XS modules, etc...
1437 Like PERLRUN, except it uses FULLPERL.
1439 =item FULLPERLRUNINST
1441 Like PERLRUNINST, except it uses FULLPERL.
1445 This provides an alternate means to specify function names to be
1446 exported from the extension. Its value is a reference to an
1447 array of function names to be exported by the extension. These
1448 names are passed through unaltered to the linker options file.
1452 Ref to array of *.h file names. Similar to C.
1456 This attribute is used to specify names to be imported into the
1457 extension. Takes a hash ref.
1459 It is only used on OS/2 and Win32.
1463 Include file dirs eg: C<"-I/usr/5include -I/path/to/inc">
1467 Array of extension names to be included when doing a static build.
1468 MakeMaker will normally build with all of the installed extensions when
1469 doing a static build, and that is usually the desired behavior. If
1470 INCLUDE_EXT is present then MakeMaker will build only with those extensions
1471 which are explicitly mentioned. (e.g. [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ])
1473 It is not necessary to mention DynaLoader or the current extension when
1474 filling in INCLUDE_EXT. If the INCLUDE_EXT is mentioned but is empty then
1475 only DynaLoader and the current extension will be included in the build.
1477 This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
1478 command line: perl Makefile.PL INCLUDE_EXT='POSIX Socket Devel::Peek'
1480 =item INSTALLARCHLIB
1482 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1483 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
1487 Directory to install binary files (e.g. tkperl) into if
1492 Determines which of the sets of installation directories to choose:
1493 perl, site or vendor. Defaults to site.
1495 =item INSTALLMAN1DIR
1497 =item INSTALLMAN3DIR
1499 These directories get the man pages at 'make install' time if
1500 INSTALLDIRS=perl. Defaults to $Config{installman*dir}.
1502 If set to 'none', no man pages will be installed.
1504 =item INSTALLPRIVLIB
1506 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1507 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
1509 Defaults to $Config{installprivlib}.
1513 Used by 'make install' which copies files from INST_SCRIPT to this
1516 =item INSTALLSITEARCH
1518 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1519 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1521 =item INSTALLSITEBIN
1523 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_BIN to this
1524 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1526 =item INSTALLSITELIB
1528 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1529 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1531 =item INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR
1533 =item INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR
1535 These directories get the man pages at 'make install' time if
1536 INSTALLDIRS=site (default). Defaults to
1537 $(SITEPREFIX)/man/man$(MAN*EXT).
1539 If set to 'none', no man pages will be installed.
1541 =item INSTALLVENDORARCH
1543 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1544 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor.
1546 =item INSTALLVENDORBIN
1548 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_BIN to this
1549 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor.
1551 =item INSTALLVENDORLIB
1553 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1554 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor.
1556 =item INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR
1558 =item INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
1560 These directories get the man pages at 'make install' time if
1561 INSTALLDIRS=vendor. Defaults to $(VENDORPREFIX)/man/man$(MAN*EXT).
1563 If set to 'none', no man pages will be installed.
1567 Same as INST_LIB for architecture dependent files.
1571 Directory to put real binary files during 'make'. These will be copied
1572 to INSTALLBIN during 'make install'
1576 Directory where we put library files of this extension while building
1581 Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
1585 Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
1589 Directory, where executable files should be installed during
1590 'make'. Defaults to "./blib/script", just to have a dummy location during
1591 testing. make install will copy the files in INST_SCRIPT to
1596 Program to be used to link libraries for dynamic loading.
1598 Defaults to $Config{ld}.
1602 Any special flags that might need to be passed to ld to create a
1603 shared library suitable for dynamic loading. It is up to the makefile
1604 to use it. (See L<Config/lddlflags>)
1606 Defaults to $Config{lddlflags}.
1610 Defaults to "$(OBJECT)" and is used in the ld command to specify
1611 what files to link/load from (also see dynamic_lib below for how to
1616 LIB should only be set at C<perl Makefile.PL> time but is allowed as a
1617 MakeMaker argument. It has the effect of setting both INSTALLPRIVLIB
1618 and INSTALLSITELIB to that value regardless any explicit setting of
1619 those arguments (or of PREFIX). INSTALLARCHLIB and INSTALLSITEARCH
1620 are set to the corresponding architecture subdirectory.
1624 The filename of the perllibrary that will be used together with this
1625 extension. Defaults to libperl.a.
1629 An anonymous array of alternative library
1630 specifications to be searched for (in order) until
1631 at least one library is found. E.g.
1633 'LIBS' => ["-lgdbm", "-ldbm -lfoo", "-L/path -ldbm.nfs"]
1635 Mind, that any element of the array
1636 contains a complete set of arguments for the ld
1637 command. So do not specify
1639 'LIBS' => ["-ltcl", "-ltk", "-lX11"]
1641 See ODBM_File/Makefile.PL for an example, where an array is needed. If
1642 you specify a scalar as in
1644 'LIBS' => "-ltcl -ltk -lX11"
1646 MakeMaker will turn it into an array with one element.
1650 'static' or 'dynamic' (default unless usedl=undef in
1651 config.sh). Should only be used to force static linking (also see
1656 Boolean which tells MakeMaker, that it should include the rules to
1657 make a perl. This is handled automatically as a switch by
1658 MakeMaker. The user normally does not need it.
1662 When 'make clean' or similar is run, the $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) will be
1663 backed up at this location.
1665 Defaults to $(FIRST_MAKEFILE).old or $(FIRST_MAKEFILE)_old on VMS.
1669 Hashref of pod-containing files. MakeMaker will default this to all
1670 EXE_FILES files that include POD directives. The files listed
1671 here will be converted to man pages and installed as was requested
1676 Hashref that assigns to *.pm and *.pod files the files into which the
1677 manpages are to be written. MakeMaker parses all *.pod and *.pm files
1678 for POD directives. Files that contain POD will be the default keys of
1679 the MAN3PODS hashref. These will then be converted to man pages during
1680 C<make> and will be installed during C<make install>.
1684 If it is intended, that a new perl binary be produced, this variable
1685 may hold a name for that binary. Defaults to perl
1689 If the extension links to a library that it builds set this to the
1690 name of the library (see SDBM_File)
1694 Perl module name for this extension (DBD::Oracle). This will default
1695 to the directory name but should be explicitly defined in the
1700 MakeMaker will figure out if an extension contains linkable code
1701 anywhere down the directory tree, and will set this variable
1702 accordingly, but you can speed it up a very little bit if you define
1703 this boolean variable yourself.
1707 Command so make does not print the literal commands its running.
1709 By setting it to an empty string you can generate a Makefile that
1710 prints all commands. Mainly used in debugging MakeMaker itself.
1716 Boolean. Attribute to inhibit descending into subdirectories.
1720 In general, any generated Makefile checks for the current version of
1721 MakeMaker and the version the Makefile was built under. If NO_VC is
1722 set, the version check is neglected. Do not write this into your
1723 Makefile.PL, use it interactively instead.
1727 List of object files, defaults to '$(BASEEXT)$(OBJ_EXT)', but can be a long
1728 string containing all object files, e.g. "tkpBind.o
1729 tkpButton.o tkpCanvas.o"
1731 (Where BASEEXT is the last component of NAME, and OBJ_EXT is $Config{obj_ext}.)
1735 Defaults to C<-O>. Set it to C<-g> to turn debugging on. The flag is
1736 passed to subdirectory makes.
1740 Perl binary for tasks that can be done by miniperl
1744 Set only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1749 The call to the program that is able to compile perlmain.c. Defaults
1754 Same as for PERL_LIB, but for architecture dependent files.
1756 Used only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1757 distribution (because normally $(PERL_ARCHLIB) is automatically in @INC,
1758 and adding it would get in the way of PERL5LIB).
1762 Directory containing the Perl library to use.
1764 Used only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1765 distribution (because normally $(PERL_LIB) is automatically in @INC,
1766 and adding it would get in the way of PERL5LIB).
1768 =item PERL_MALLOC_OK
1770 defaults to 0. Should be set to TRUE if the extension can work with
1771 the memory allocation routines substituted by the Perl malloc() subsystem.
1772 This should be applicable to most extensions with exceptions of those
1778 with bugs in memory allocations which are caught by Perl's malloc();
1782 which interact with the memory allocator in other ways than via
1783 malloc(), realloc(), free(), calloc(), sbrk() and brk();
1787 which rely on special alignment which is not provided by Perl's malloc().
1791 B<NOTE.> Negligence to set this flag in I<any one> of loaded extension
1792 nullifies many advantages of Perl's malloc(), such as better usage of
1793 system resources, error detection, memory usage reporting, catchable failure
1794 of memory allocations, etc.
1798 Directory under which core modules are to be installed.
1800 Defaults to $Config{installprefixexp} falling back to
1801 $Config{installprefix}, $Config{prefixexp} or $Config{prefix} should
1802 $Config{installprefixexp} not exist.
1804 Overridden by PREFIX.
1808 Use this instead of $(PERL) when you wish to run perl. It will set up
1809 extra necessary flags for you.
1813 Use this instead of $(PERL) when you wish to run perl to work with
1814 modules. It will add things like -I$(INST_ARCH) and other necessary
1815 flags so perl can see the modules you're about to install.
1819 Directory containing the Perl source code (use of this should be
1820 avoided, it may be undefined)
1824 Desired permission for read/writable files. Defaults to C<644>.
1825 See also L<MM_Unix/perm_rw>.
1829 Desired permission for executable files. Defaults to C<755>.
1830 See also L<MM_Unix/perm_rwx>.
1834 Ref to hash of files to be processed as perl programs. MakeMaker
1835 will default to any found *.PL file (except Makefile.PL) being keys
1836 and the basename of the file being the value. E.g.
1838 {'foobar.PL' => 'foobar'}
1840 The *.PL files are expected to produce output to the target files
1841 themselves. If multiple files can be generated from the same *.PL
1842 file then the value in the hash can be a reference to an array of
1843 target file names. E.g.
1845 {'foobar.PL' => ['foobar1','foobar2']}
1849 Hashref of .pm files and *.pl files to be installed. e.g.
1851 {'name_of_file.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/install_as.pm'}
1853 By default this will include *.pm and *.pl and the files found in
1854 the PMLIBDIRS directories. Defining PM in the
1855 Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
1859 Ref to array of subdirectories containing library files. Defaults to
1860 [ 'lib', $(BASEEXT) ]. The directories will be scanned and I<any> files
1861 they contain will be installed in the corresponding location in the
1862 library. A libscan() method can be used to alter the behaviour.
1863 Defining PM in the Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
1865 (Where BASEEXT is the last component of NAME.)
1869 A filter program, in the traditional Unix sense (input from stdin, output
1870 to stdout) that is passed on each .pm file during the build (in the
1871 pm_to_blib() phase). It is empty by default, meaning no filtering is done.
1873 Great care is necessary when defining the command if quoting needs to be
1874 done. For instance, you would need to say:
1876 {'PM_FILTER' => 'grep -v \\"^\\#\\"'}
1878 to remove all the leading coments on the fly during the build. The
1879 extra \\ are necessary, unfortunately, because this variable is interpolated
1880 within the context of a Perl program built on the command line, and double
1881 quotes are what is used with the -e switch to build that command line. The
1882 # is escaped for the Makefile, since what is going to be generated will then
1885 PM_FILTER = grep -v \"^\#\"
1887 Without the \\ before the #, we'd have the start of a Makefile comment,
1888 and the macro would be incorrectly defined.
1892 Release 5.005 grandfathered old global symbol names by providing preprocessor
1893 macros for extension source compatibility. As of release 5.6, these
1894 preprocessor definitions are not available by default. The POLLUTE flag
1895 specifies that the old names should still be defined:
1897 perl Makefile.PL POLLUTE=1
1899 Please inform the module author if this is necessary to successfully install
1900 a module under 5.6 or later.
1902 =item PPM_INSTALL_EXEC
1904 Name of the executable used to run C<PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT> below. (e.g. perl)
1906 =item PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT
1908 Name of the script that gets executed by the Perl Package Manager after
1909 the installation of a package.
1913 This overrides all the default install locations. Man pages,
1914 libraries, scripts, etc... MakeMaker will try to make an educated
1915 guess about where to place things under the new PREFIX based on your
1916 Config defaults. Failing that, it will fall back to a structure
1917 which should be sensible for your platform.
1919 If you specify LIB or any INSTALL* variables they will not be effected
1924 Bool. If this parameter is true, failing to have the required modules
1925 (or the right versions thereof) will be fatal. perl Makefile.PL will die
1926 with the proper message.
1928 Note: see L<Test::Harness> for a shortcut for stopping tests early if
1929 you are missing dependencies.
1931 Do I<not> use this parameter for simple requirements, which could be resolved
1932 at a later time, e.g. after an unsuccessful B<make test> of your module.
1934 It is I<extremely> rare to have to use C<PREREQ_FATAL> at all!
1938 Hashref: Names of modules that need to be available to run this
1939 extension (e.g. Fcntl for SDBM_File) are the keys of the hash and the
1940 desired version is the value. If the required version number is 0, we
1941 only check if any version is installed already.
1945 Bool. If this parameter is true, the prerequisites will be printed to
1946 stdout and MakeMaker will exit. The output format is
1956 RedHatism for C<PREREQ_PRINT>. The output format is different, though:
1958 perl(A::B)>=Vers1 perl(C::D)>=Vers2 ...
1962 Like PERLPREFIX, but only for the site install locations.
1964 Defaults to $Config{siteprefixexp}. Perls prior to 5.6.0 didn't have
1965 an explicit siteprefix in the Config. In those cases
1966 $Config{installprefix} will be used.
1968 Overridable by PREFIX
1972 Arrayref. E.g. [qw(name1 name2)] skip (do not write) sections of the
1973 Makefile. Caution! Do not use the SKIP attribute for the negligible
1974 speedup. It may seriously damage the resulting Makefile. Only use it
1975 if you really need it.
1979 Ref to array of typemap file names. Use this when the typemaps are
1980 in some directory other than the current directory or when they are
1981 not named B<typemap>. The last typemap in the list takes
1982 precedence. A typemap in the current directory has highest
1983 precedence, even if it isn't listed in TYPEMAPS. The default system
1984 typemap has lowest precedence.
1988 Like PERLPREFIX, but only for the vendor install locations.
1990 Defaults to $Config{vendorprefixexp}.
1992 Overridable by PREFIX
1996 If true, make install will be verbose
2000 Your version number for distributing the package. This defaults to
2005 Instead of specifying the VERSION in the Makefile.PL you can let
2006 MakeMaker parse a file to determine the version number. The parsing
2007 routine requires that the file named by VERSION_FROM contains one
2008 single line to compute the version number. The first line in the file
2009 that contains the regular expression
2011 /([\$*])(([\w\:\']*)\bVERSION)\b.*\=/
2013 will be evaluated with eval() and the value of the named variable
2014 B<after> the eval() will be assigned to the VERSION attribute of the
2015 MakeMaker object. The following lines will be parsed o.k.:
2019 ( $VERSION ) = '$Revision: 1.108 $ ' =~ /\$Revision:\s+([^\s]+)/;
2020 $FOO::VERSION = '1.10';
2021 *FOO::VERSION = \'1.11';
2022 our $VERSION = 1.2.3; # new for perl5.6.0
2024 but these will fail:
2026 my $VERSION = '1.01';
2027 local $VERSION = '1.02';
2028 local $FOO::VERSION = '1.30';
2030 (Putting C<my> or C<local> on the preceding line will work o.k.)
2032 The file named in VERSION_FROM is not added as a dependency to
2033 Makefile. This is not really correct, but it would be a major pain
2034 during development to have to rewrite the Makefile for any smallish
2035 change in that file. If you want to make sure that the Makefile
2036 contains the correct VERSION macro after any change of the file, you
2037 would have to do something like
2039 depend => { Makefile => '$(VERSION_FROM)' }
2041 See attribute C<depend> below.
2045 A sanitized VERSION with . replaced by _. For places where . has
2046 special meaning (some filesystems, RCS labels, etc...)
2050 Hashref of .xs files. MakeMaker will default this. e.g.
2052 {'name_of_file.xs' => 'name_of_file.c'}
2054 The .c files will automatically be included in the list of files
2055 deleted by a make clean.
2059 String of options to pass to xsubpp. This might include C<-C++> or
2060 C<-extern>. Do not include typemaps here; the TYPEMAP parameter exists for
2065 May be set to an empty string, which is identical to C<-prototypes>, or
2066 C<-noprototypes>. See the xsubpp documentation for details. MakeMaker
2067 defaults to the empty string.
2071 Your version number for the .xs file of this package. This defaults
2072 to the value of the VERSION attribute.
2076 =head2 Additional lowercase attributes
2078 can be used to pass parameters to the methods which implement that
2079 part of the Makefile.
2085 {FILES => "*.xyz foo"}
2089 {ANY_TARGET => ANY_DEPENDECY, ...}
2091 (ANY_TARGET must not be given a double-colon rule by MakeMaker.)
2095 {TARFLAGS => 'cvfF', COMPRESS => 'gzip', SUFFIX => '.gz',
2096 SHAR => 'shar -m', DIST_CP => 'ln', ZIP => '/bin/zip',
2097 ZIPFLAGS => '-rl', DIST_DEFAULT => 'private tardist' }
2099 If you specify COMPRESS, then SUFFIX should also be altered, as it is
2100 needed to tell make the target file of the compression. Setting
2101 DIST_CP to ln can be useful, if you need to preserve the timestamps on
2102 your files. DIST_CP can take the values 'cp', which copies the file,
2103 'ln', which links the file, and 'best' which copies symbolic links and
2104 links the rest. Default is 'best'.
2108 {ARMAYBE => 'ar', OTHERLDFLAGS => '...', INST_DYNAMIC_DEP => '...'}
2112 {LINKTYPE => 'static', 'dynamic' or ''}
2114 NB: Extensions that have nothing but *.pm files had to say
2118 with Pre-5.0 MakeMakers. Since version 5.00 of MakeMaker such a line
2119 can be deleted safely. MakeMaker recognizes when there's nothing to
2124 {ANY_MACRO => ANY_VALUE, ...}
2128 {FILES => '$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/*.xyz'}
2134 =item tool_autosplit
2140 =head2 Overriding MakeMaker Methods
2142 If you cannot achieve the desired Makefile behaviour by specifying
2143 attributes you may define private subroutines in the Makefile.PL.
2144 Each subroutine returns the text it wishes to have written to
2145 the Makefile. To override a section of the Makefile you can
2148 sub MY::c_o { "new literal text" }
2150 or you can edit the default by saying something like:
2152 package MY; # so that "SUPER" works right
2154 my $inherited = shift->SUPER::c_o(@_);
2155 $inherited =~ s/old text/new text/;
2159 If you are running experiments with embedding perl as a library into
2160 other applications, you might find MakeMaker is not sufficient. You'd
2161 better have a look at ExtUtils::Embed which is a collection of utilities
2164 If you still need a different solution, try to develop another
2165 subroutine that fits your needs and submit the diffs to
2166 F<makemaker@perl.org>
2168 For a complete description of all MakeMaker methods see
2169 L<ExtUtils::MM_Unix>.
2171 Here is a simple example of how to add a new target to the generated
2175 return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
2176 $(MYEXTLIB): sdbm/Makefile
2177 cd sdbm && $(MAKE) all
2182 =head2 The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
2184 WriteMakefile() now does some basic sanity checks on its parameters to
2185 protect against typos and malformatted values. This means some things
2186 which happened to work in the past will now throw warnings and
2187 possibly produce internal errors.
2189 Some of the most common mistakes:
2193 =item C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
2195 This is commonly used to supress the creation of man pages. MAN3PODS
2196 takes a hash ref not a string, but the above worked by accident in old
2197 versions of MakeMaker.
2199 The correct code is C<<MAN3PODS => { }>>.
2204 =head2 Hintsfile support
2206 MakeMaker.pm uses the architecture specific information from
2207 Config.pm. In addition it evaluates architecture specific hints files
2208 in a C<hints/> directory. The hints files are expected to be named
2209 like their counterparts in C<PERL_SRC/hints>, but with an C<.pl> file
2210 name extension (eg. C<next_3_2.pl>). They are simply C<eval>ed by
2211 MakeMaker within the WriteMakefile() subroutine, and can be used to
2212 execute commands as well as to include special variables. The rules
2213 which hintsfile is chosen are the same as in Configure.
2215 The hintsfile is eval()ed immediately after the arguments given to
2216 WriteMakefile are stuffed into a hash reference $self but before this
2217 reference becomes blessed. So if you want to do the equivalent to
2218 override or create an attribute you would say something like
2220 $self->{LIBS} = ['-ldbm -lucb -lc'];
2222 =head2 Distribution Support
2224 For authors of extensions MakeMaker provides several Makefile
2225 targets. Most of the support comes from the ExtUtils::Manifest module,
2226 where additional documentation can be found.
2230 =item make distcheck
2232 reports which files are below the build directory but not in the
2233 MANIFEST file and vice versa. (See ExtUtils::Manifest::fullcheck() for
2236 =item make skipcheck
2238 reports which files are skipped due to the entries in the
2239 C<MANIFEST.SKIP> file (See ExtUtils::Manifest::skipcheck() for
2242 =item make distclean
2244 does a realclean first and then the distcheck. Note that this is not
2245 needed to build a new distribution as long as you are sure that the
2246 MANIFEST file is ok.
2250 rewrites the MANIFEST file, adding all remaining files found (See
2251 ExtUtils::Manifest::mkmanifest() for details)
2255 Copies all the files that are in the MANIFEST file to a newly created
2256 directory with the name C<$(DISTNAME)-$(VERSION)>. If that directory
2257 exists, it will be removed first.
2261 Makes a distdir first, and runs a C<perl Makefile.PL>, a make, and
2262 a make test in that directory.
2266 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2267 command, followed by $(TOUNIX), which defaults to a null command under
2268 UNIX, and will convert files in distribution directory to UNIX format
2269 otherwise. Next it runs C<tar> on that directory into a tarfile and
2270 deletes the directory. Finishes with a command $(POSTOP) which
2271 defaults to a null command.
2275 Defaults to $(DIST_DEFAULT) which in turn defaults to tardist.
2277 =item make uutardist
2279 Runs a tardist first and uuencodes the tarfile.
2283 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2284 command. Next it runs C<shar> on that directory into a sharfile and
2285 deletes the intermediate directory again. Finishes with a command
2286 $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command. Note: For shdist to work
2287 properly a C<shar> program that can handle directories is mandatory.
2291 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2292 command. Runs C<$(ZIP) $(ZIPFLAGS)> on that directory into a
2293 zipfile. Then deletes that directory. Finishes with a command
2294 $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command.
2298 Does a $(CI) and a $(RCS_LABEL) on all files in the MANIFEST file.
2302 Customization of the dist targets can be done by specifying a hash
2303 reference to the dist attribute of the WriteMakefile call. The
2304 following parameters are recognized:
2307 COMPRESS ('gzip --best')
2310 TO_UNIX (depends on the system)
2311 RCS_LABEL ('rcs -q -Nv$(VERSION_SYM):')
2321 WriteMakefile( 'dist' => { COMPRESS=>"bzip2", SUFFIX=>".bz2" })
2323 =head2 Disabling an extension
2325 If some events detected in F<Makefile.PL> imply that there is no way
2326 to create the Module, but this is a normal state of things, then you
2327 can create a F<Makefile> which does nothing, but succeeds on all the
2328 "usual" build targets. To do so, use
2330 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::WriteEmptyMakefile();
2332 instead of WriteMakefile().
2334 This may be useful if other modules expect this module to be I<built>
2335 OK, as opposed to I<work> OK (say, this system-dependent module builds
2336 in a subdirectory of some other distribution, or is listed as a
2337 dependency in a CPAN::Bundle, but the functionality is supported by
2338 different means on the current architecture).
2340 =head2 Other Handy Functions
2346 my $value = prompt($message);
2347 my $value = prompt($message, $default);
2349 The C<prompt()> function provides an easy way to request user input
2350 used to write a makefile. It displays the $message as a prompt for
2351 input. If a $default is provided it will be used as a default. The
2352 function returns the $value selected by the user.
2354 If C<prompt()> detects that it is not running interactively and there
2355 is nothing on STDIN or if the PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT environment variable
2356 is set to true, the $default will be used without prompting. This
2357 prevents automated processes from blocking on user input.
2359 If no $default is provided an empty string will be used instead.
2370 Command line options used by C<MakeMaker-E<gt>new()>, and thus by
2371 C<WriteMakefile()>. The string is split on whitespace, and the result
2372 is processed before any actual command line arguments are processed.
2374 =item PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
2376 If set to a true value then MakeMaker's prompt function will
2377 always return the default without waiting for user input.
2383 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::Manifest ExtUtils::Install,
2388 Andy Dougherty <F<doughera@lafayette.edu>>, Andreas KE<ouml>nig
2389 <F<andreas.koenig@mind.de>>, Tim Bunce <F<timb@cpan.org>>. VMS
2390 support by Charles Bailey <F<bailey@newman.upenn.edu>>. OS/2 support
2391 by Ilya Zakharevich <F<ilya@math.ohio-state.edu>>.
2393 Currently maintained by Michael G Schwern <F<schwern@pobox.com>>
2395 Send patches and ideas to <F<makemaker@perl.org>>.
2397 Send bug reports via http://rt.cpan.org/. Please send your
2398 generated Makefile along with your report.
2400 For more up-to-date information, see http://www.makemaker.org.
2404 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2405 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2407 See F<http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html>