2 package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
9 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
13 our $Verbose = 0; # exported
14 our @Parent; # needs to be localized
15 our @Get_from_Config; # referenced by MM_Unix
19 my %Recognized_Att_Keys;
21 our $VERSION = '6.53_02';
23 # Emulate something resembling CVS $Revision$
24 (our $Revision = $VERSION) =~ s{_}{};
25 $Revision = int $Revision * 10000;
27 our $Filename = __FILE__; # referenced outside MakeMaker
29 our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
30 our @EXPORT = qw(&WriteMakefile &writeMakefile $Verbose &prompt);
31 our @EXPORT_OK = qw($VERSION &neatvalue &mkbootstrap &mksymlists
34 # These will go away once the last of the Win32 & VMS specific code is
36 my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
37 my $Is_Win32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
41 require ExtUtils::MM; # Things like CPAN assume loading ExtUtils::MakeMaker
44 require ExtUtils::MY; # XXX pre-5.8 versions of ExtUtils::Embed expect
45 # loading ExtUtils::MakeMaker will give them MY.
46 # This will go when Embed is its own CPAN module.
50 Carp::croak "WriteMakefile: Need even number of args" if @_ % 2;
57 my $mm = MM->new(\%att);
64 # Basic signatures of the attributes WriteMakefile takes. Each is the
65 # reference type. Empty value indicate it takes a non-reference
75 EXCLUDE_EXT => 'ARRAY',
80 INCLUDE_EXT => 'ARRAY',
89 PMLIBPARENTDIRS => 'ARRAY',
91 CONFIGURE_REQUIRES => 'HASH',
95 VERSION => ['version',''],
96 _KEEP_AFTER_FLUSH => '',
101 dynamic_lib=> 'HASH',
107 tool_autosplit => 'HASH',
110 @Att_Sigs{keys %Recognized_Att_Keys} = ('') x keys %Recognized_Att_Keys;
111 @Att_Sigs{keys %Special_Sigs} = values %Special_Sigs;
117 while( my($key, $val) = each %$att ) {
118 my $sig = $Att_Sigs{$key};
119 unless( defined $sig ) {
120 warn "WARNING: $key is not a known parameter.\n";
124 my @sigs = ref $sig ? @$sig : $sig;
125 my $given = ref $val;
126 unless( grep { _is_of_type($val, $_) } @sigs ) {
127 my $takes = join " or ", map { _format_att($_) } @sigs;
129 my $has = _format_att($given);
130 warn "WARNING: $key takes a $takes not a $has.\n".
131 " Please inform the author.\n";
137 # Check if a given thing is a reference or instance of $type
139 my($thing, $type) = @_;
141 return 1 if ref $thing eq $type;
144 return 1 if eval{ $thing->isa($type) };
153 return $given eq '' ? "string/number"
154 : uc $given eq $given ? "$given reference"
160 sub prompt ($;$) { ## no critic
161 my($mess, $def) = @_;
162 Carp::confess("prompt function called without an argument")
163 unless defined $mess;
165 my $isa_tty = -t STDIN && (-t STDOUT || !(-f STDOUT || -c STDOUT)) ;
167 my $dispdef = defined $def ? "[$def] " : " ";
168 $def = defined $def ? $def : "";
172 print "$mess $dispdef";
175 if ($ENV{PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT} || (!$isa_tty && eof STDIN)) {
183 else { # user hit ctrl-D
188 return (!defined $ans || $ans eq '') ? $def : $ans;
191 sub eval_in_subdirs {
193 use Cwd qw(cwd abs_path);
194 my $pwd = cwd() || die "Can't figure out your cwd!";
196 local @INC = map eval {abs_path($_) if -e} || $_, @INC;
197 push @INC, '.'; # '.' has to always be at the end of @INC
199 foreach my $dir (@{$self->{DIR}}){
200 my($abs) = $self->catdir($pwd,$dir);
201 eval { $self->eval_in_x($abs); };
210 chdir $dir or Carp::carp("Couldn't change to directory $dir: $!");
217 # if ($@ =~ /prerequisites/) {
218 # die "MakeMaker WARNING: $@";
220 # warn "WARNING from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
222 die "ERROR from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
227 # package name for the classes into which the first object will be blessed
228 my $PACKNAME = 'PACK000';
233 my @attrib_help = qw/
235 AUTHOR ABSTRACT ABSTRACT_FROM BINARY_LOCATION
236 C CAPI CCFLAGS CONFIG CONFIGURE DEFINE DIR DISTNAME DISTVNAME
238 EXCLUDE_EXT EXE_FILES FIRST_MAKEFILE
239 FULLPERL FULLPERLRUN FULLPERLRUNINST
242 INST_ARCHLIB INST_SCRIPT INST_BIN INST_LIB INST_MAN1DIR INST_MAN3DIR
244 DESTDIR PREFIX INSTALL_BASE
245 PERLPREFIX SITEPREFIX VENDORPREFIX
246 INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALLSITELIB INSTALLVENDORLIB
247 INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALLSITEARCH INSTALLVENDORARCH
248 INSTALLBIN INSTALLSITEBIN INSTALLVENDORBIN
249 INSTALLMAN1DIR INSTALLMAN3DIR
250 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR
251 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
252 INSTALLSCRIPT INSTALLSITESCRIPT INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT
253 PERL_LIB PERL_ARCHLIB
254 SITELIBEXP SITEARCHEXP
256 INC INCLUDE_EXT LDFROM LIB LIBPERL_A LIBS LICENSE
257 LINKTYPE MAKE MAKEAPERL MAKEFILE MAKEFILE_OLD MAN1PODS MAN3PODS MAP_TARGET
258 META_ADD META_MERGE MIN_PERL_VERSION CONFIGURE_REQUIRES
259 MYEXTLIB NAME NEEDS_LINKING NOECHO NO_META NORECURS NO_VC OBJECT OPTIMIZE
260 PERL_MALLOC_OK PERL PERLMAINCC PERLRUN PERLRUNINST PERL_CORE
261 PERL_SRC PERM_DIR PERM_RW PERM_RWX
262 PL_FILES PM PM_FILTER PMLIBDIRS PMLIBPARENTDIRS POLLUTE PPM_INSTALL_EXEC
263 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT PREREQ_FATAL PREREQ_PM PREREQ_PRINT PRINT_PREREQ
264 SIGN SKIP TYPEMAPS VERSION VERSION_FROM XS XSOPT XSPROTOARG
265 XS_VERSION clean depend dist dynamic_lib linkext macro realclean
268 MACPERL_SRC MACPERL_LIB MACLIBS_68K MACLIBS_PPC MACLIBS_SC MACLIBS_MRC
269 MACLIBS_ALL_68K MACLIBS_ALL_PPC MACLIBS_SHARED
272 # IMPORTS is used under OS/2 and Win32
274 # @Overridable is close to @MM_Sections but not identical. The
275 # order is important. Many subroutines declare macros. These
276 # depend on each other. Let's try to collect the macros up front,
277 # then pasthru, then the rules.
279 # MM_Sections are the sections we have to call explicitly
280 # in Overridable we have subroutines that are used indirectly
286 post_initialize const_config constants platform_constants
287 tool_autosplit tool_xsubpp tools_other
291 dist macro depend cflags const_loadlibs const_cccmd
298 top_targets blibdirs linkext dlsyms dynamic dynamic_bs
299 dynamic_lib static static_lib manifypods processPL
301 clean_subdirs clean realclean_subdirs realclean
303 dist_basics dist_core distdir dist_test dist_ci distmeta distsignature
304 install force perldepend makefile staticmake test ppd
306 ); # loses section ordering
308 @Overridable = @MM_Sections;
309 push @Overridable, qw[
311 libscan makeaperl needs_linking
312 subdir_x test_via_harness test_via_script
314 init_VERSION init_dist init_INST init_INSTALL init_DEST init_dirscan
315 init_PM init_MANPODS init_xs init_PERL init_DIRFILESEP init_linker
318 push @MM_Sections, qw[
320 pm_to_blib selfdocument
324 # Postamble needs to be the last that was always the case
325 push @MM_Sections, "postamble";
326 push @Overridable, "postamble";
328 # All sections are valid keys.
329 @Recognized_Att_Keys{@MM_Sections} = (1) x @MM_Sections;
331 # we will use all these variables in the Makefile
334 ar cc cccdlflags ccdlflags dlext dlsrc exe_ext full_ar ld
335 lddlflags ldflags libc lib_ext obj_ext osname osvers ranlib
336 sitelibexp sitearchexp so
339 # 5.5.3 doesn't have any concept of vendor libs
340 push @Get_from_Config, qw( vendorarchexp vendorlibexp ) if $] >= 5.006;
342 foreach my $item (@attrib_help){
343 $Recognized_Att_Keys{$item} = 1;
345 foreach my $item (@Get_from_Config) {
346 $Recognized_Att_Keys{uc $item} = $Config{$item};
347 print "Attribute '\U$item\E' => '$Config{$item}'\n"
352 # When we eval a Makefile.PL in a subdirectory, that one will ask
353 # us (the parent) for the values and will prepend "..", so that
354 # all files to be installed end up below OUR ./blib
356 @Prepend_parent = qw(
357 INST_BIN INST_LIB INST_ARCHLIB INST_SCRIPT
358 MAP_TARGET INST_MAN1DIR INST_MAN3DIR PERL_SRC
366 The extension you are trying to build apparently is rather old and
367 most probably outdated. We detect that from the fact, that a
368 subroutine "writeMakefile" is called, and this subroutine is not
369 supported anymore since about October 1994.
371 Please contact the author or look into CPAN (details about CPAN can be
372 found in the FAQ and at http:/www.perl.com) for a more recent version
373 of the extension. If you're really desperate, you can try to change
374 the subroutine name from writeMakefile to WriteMakefile and rerun
375 'perl Makefile.PL', but you're most probably left alone, when you do
384 my($class,$self) = @_;
387 # Store the original args passed to WriteMakefile()
388 foreach my $k (keys %$self) {
389 $self->{ARGS}{$k} = $self->{$k};
392 if ("@ARGV" =~ /\bPREREQ_PRINT\b/) {
393 require Data::Dumper;
394 my @what = ('PREREQ_PM');
395 push @what, 'MIN_PERL_VERSION' if $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION};
396 print Data::Dumper->Dump([@{$self}{@what}], \@what);
400 # PRINT_PREREQ is RedHatism.
401 if ("@ARGV" =~ /\bPRINT_PREREQ\b/) {
403 map { [$_, $self->{PREREQ_PM}{$_}] } keys %{$self->{PREREQ_PM}};
404 if ( $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} ) {
405 push @prereq, ['perl' => $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION}];
408 print join(" ", map { "perl($_->[0])>=$_->[1] " }
409 sort { $a->[0] cmp $b->[0] } @prereq), "\n";
413 print STDOUT "MakeMaker (v$VERSION)\n" if $Verbose;
414 if (-f "MANIFEST" && ! -f "Makefile"){
418 $self = {} unless (defined $self);
422 # Translate X.Y.Z to X.00Y00Z
423 if( defined $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} ) {
424 $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} =~ s{ ^ (\d+) \. (\d+) \. (\d+) $ }
425 {sprintf "%d.%03d%03d", $1, $2, $3}ex;
428 my $perl_version_ok = eval {
429 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
430 # simulate "use warnings FATAL => 'all'" for vintage perls
433 !$self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} or $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} <= $]
435 if (!$perl_version_ok) {
436 if (!defined $perl_version_ok) {
438 Warning: MIN_PERL_VERSION is not in a recognized format.
439 Recommended is a quoted numerical value like '5.005' or '5.008001'.
442 elsif ($self->{PREREQ_FATAL}) {
443 die sprintf <<"END", $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION}, $];
444 MakeMaker FATAL: perl version too low for this distribution.
445 Required is %s. We run %s.
450 "Warning: Perl version %s or higher required. We run %s.\n",
451 $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION}, $];
455 my %configure_att; # record &{$self->{CONFIGURE}} attributes
456 my(%initial_att) = %$self; # record initial attributes
458 my(%unsatisfied) = ();
459 foreach my $prereq (sort keys %{$self->{PREREQ_PM}}) {
460 my $file = "$prereq.pm";
464 my $tmp = File::Spec->catfile($dir, $file);
470 my $pr_version = defined $path ? MM->parse_version($path) : 0;
472 # convert X.Y_Z alpha version #s to X.YZ for easier comparisons
473 $pr_version =~ s/(\d+)\.(\d+)_(\d+)/$1.$2$3/;
475 if (!defined $path) {
476 warn sprintf "Warning: prerequisite %s %s not found.\n",
477 $prereq, $self->{PREREQ_PM}{$prereq}
478 unless $self->{PREREQ_FATAL};
479 $unsatisfied{$prereq} = 'not installed';
480 } elsif ($pr_version < $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} ){
481 warn sprintf "Warning: prerequisite %s %s not found. We have %s.\n",
482 $prereq, $self->{PREREQ_PM}{$prereq},
483 ($pr_version || 'unknown version')
484 unless $self->{PREREQ_FATAL};
485 $unsatisfied{$prereq} = $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} ?
486 $self->{PREREQ_PM}->{$prereq} : 'unknown version' ;
490 if (%unsatisfied && $self->{PREREQ_FATAL}){
491 my $failedprereqs = join "\n", map {" $_ $unsatisfied{$_}"}
492 sort { $a cmp $b } keys %unsatisfied;
494 MakeMaker FATAL: prerequisites not found.
497 Please install these modules first and rerun 'perl Makefile.PL'.
501 if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
502 if (ref $self->{CONFIGURE} eq 'CODE') {
503 %configure_att = %{&{$self->{CONFIGURE}}};
504 $self = { %$self, %configure_att };
506 Carp::croak "Attribute 'CONFIGURE' to WriteMakefile() not a code reference\n";
510 # This is for old Makefiles written pre 5.00, will go away
511 if ( Carp::longmess("") =~ /runsubdirpl/s ){
512 Carp::carp("WARNING: Please rerun 'perl Makefile.PL' to regenerate your Makefiles\n");
515 my $newclass = ++$PACKNAME;
516 local @Parent = @Parent; # Protect against non-local exits
518 print "Blessing Object into class [$newclass]\n" if $Verbose>=2;
519 mv_all_methods("MY",$newclass);
520 bless $self, $newclass;
522 require ExtUtils::MY;
524 no strict 'refs'; ## no critic;
525 @{"$newclass\:\:ISA"} = 'MM';
528 if (defined $Parent[-2]){
529 $self->{PARENT} = $Parent[-2];
530 for my $key (@Prepend_parent) {
531 next unless defined $self->{PARENT}{$key};
533 # Don't stomp on WriteMakefile() args.
534 next if defined $self->{ARGS}{$key} and
535 $self->{ARGS}{$key} eq $self->{$key};
537 $self->{$key} = $self->{PARENT}{$key};
539 unless ($Is_VMS && $key =~ /PERL$/) {
540 $self->{$key} = $self->catdir("..",$self->{$key})
541 unless $self->file_name_is_absolute($self->{$key});
543 # PERL or FULLPERL will be a command verb or even a
544 # command with an argument instead of a full file
545 # specification under VMS. So, don't turn the command
546 # into a filespec, but do add a level to the path of
547 # the argument if not already absolute.
548 my @cmd = split /\s+/, $self->{$key};
549 $cmd[1] = $self->catfile('[-]',$cmd[1])
550 unless (@cmd < 2) || $self->file_name_is_absolute($cmd[1]);
551 $self->{$key} = join(' ', @cmd);
554 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
555 $self->{PARENT}->{CHILDREN}->{$newclass} = $self;
556 foreach my $opt (qw(POLLUTE PERL_CORE LINKTYPE)) {
557 if (exists $self->{PARENT}->{$opt}
558 and not exists $self->{$opt})
560 # inherit, but only if already unspecified
561 $self->{$opt} = $self->{PARENT}->{$opt};
565 my @fm = grep /^FIRST_MAKEFILE=/, @ARGV;
566 parse_args($self,@fm) if @fm;
568 parse_args($self,split(' ', $ENV{PERL_MM_OPT} || ''),@ARGV);
572 $self->{NAME} ||= $self->guess_name;
574 ($self->{NAME_SYM} = $self->{NAME}) =~ s/\W+/_/g;
588 $self->init_DIRFILESEP;
590 $self->init_ABSTRACT;
594 $self->catfile($Config{'archlibexp'}, "Config.pm")
597 $self->init_others();
598 $self->init_platform();
600 my($argv) = neatvalue(\@ARGV);
604 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
605 # This Makefile is for the $self->{NAME} extension to perl.
607 # It was generated automatically by MakeMaker version
608 # $VERSION (Revision: $Revision) from the contents of
609 # Makefile.PL. Don't edit this file, edit Makefile.PL instead.
611 # ANY CHANGES MADE HERE WILL BE LOST!
613 # MakeMaker ARGV: $argv
615 # MakeMaker Parameters:
618 foreach my $key (sort keys %initial_att){
619 next if $key eq 'ARGS';
621 my($v) = neatvalue($initial_att{$key});
622 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
624 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# $key => $v";
626 undef %initial_att; # free memory
628 if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
629 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
631 # MakeMaker 'CONFIGURE' Parameters:
633 if (scalar(keys %configure_att) > 0) {
634 foreach my $key (sort keys %configure_att){
635 next if $key eq 'ARGS';
636 my($v) = neatvalue($configure_att{$key});
637 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
639 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# $key => $v";
644 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# no values returned";
646 undef %configure_att; # free memory
649 # turn the SKIP array into a SKIPHASH hash
650 for my $skip (@{$self->{SKIP} || []}) {
651 $self->{SKIPHASH}{$skip} = 1;
653 delete $self->{SKIP}; # free memory
655 if ($self->{PARENT}) {
656 for (qw/install dist dist_basics dist_core distdir dist_test dist_ci/) {
657 $self->{SKIPHASH}{$_} = 1;
661 # We run all the subdirectories now. They don't have much to query
662 # from the parent, but the parent has to query them: if they need linking!
663 unless ($self->{NORECURS}) {
664 $self->eval_in_subdirs if @{$self->{DIR}};
667 foreach my $section ( @MM_Sections ){
668 # Support for new foo_target() methods.
669 my $method = $section;
670 $method .= '_target' unless $self->can($method);
672 print "Processing Makefile '$section' section\n" if ($Verbose >= 2);
673 my($skipit) = $self->skipcheck($section);
675 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section $skipit.";
677 my(%a) = %{$self->{$section} || {}};
678 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section:";
679 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# " . join ", ", %a if $Verbose && %a;
680 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, $self->maketext_filter(
686 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# End.";
691 sub WriteEmptyMakefile {
692 Carp::croak "WriteEmptyMakefile: Need an even number of args" if @_ % 2;
695 my $self = MM->new(\%att);
697 my $new = $self->{MAKEFILE};
698 my $old = $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD};
700 _unlink($old) or warn "unlink $old: $!";
703 _rename($new, $old) or warn "rename $new => $old: $!"
705 open my $mfh, '>', $new or die "open $new for write: $!";
718 close $mfh or die "close $new for write: $!";
722 print STDOUT "Checking if your kit is complete...\n";
723 require ExtUtils::Manifest;
725 $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet = $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet = 1;
726 my(@missed) = ExtUtils::Manifest::manicheck();
728 print STDOUT "Warning: the following files are missing in your kit:\n";
729 print "\t", join "\n\t", @missed;
731 print STDOUT "Please inform the author.\n";
733 print STDOUT "Looks good\n";
738 my($self, @args) = @_;
740 unless (m/(.*?)=(.*)/) {
741 ++$Verbose if m/^verb/;
744 my($name, $value) = ($1, $2);
745 if ($value =~ m/^~(\w+)?/) { # tilde with optional username
746 $value =~ s [^~(\w*)]
748 ((getpwnam($1))[7] || "~$1") :
753 # Remember the original args passed it. It will be useful later.
754 $self->{ARGS}{uc $name} = $self->{uc $name} = $value;
757 # catch old-style 'potential_libs' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
758 if (defined $self->{potential_libs}){
759 my($msg)="'potential_libs' => '$self->{potential_libs}' should be";
760 if ($self->{potential_libs}){
761 print STDOUT "$msg changed to:\n\t'LIBS' => ['$self->{potential_libs}']\n";
763 print STDOUT "$msg deleted.\n";
765 $self->{LIBS} = [$self->{potential_libs}];
766 delete $self->{potential_libs};
768 # catch old-style 'ARMAYBE' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
769 if (defined $self->{ARMAYBE}){
770 my($armaybe) = $self->{ARMAYBE};
771 print STDOUT "ARMAYBE => '$armaybe' should be changed to:\n",
772 "\t'dynamic_lib' => {ARMAYBE => '$armaybe'}\n";
773 my(%dl) = %{$self->{dynamic_lib} || {}};
774 $self->{dynamic_lib} = { %dl, ARMAYBE => $armaybe};
775 delete $self->{ARMAYBE};
777 if (defined $self->{LDTARGET}){
778 print STDOUT "LDTARGET should be changed to LDFROM\n";
779 $self->{LDFROM} = $self->{LDTARGET};
780 delete $self->{LDTARGET};
782 # Turn a DIR argument on the command line into an array
783 if (defined $self->{DIR} && ref \$self->{DIR} eq 'SCALAR') {
784 # So they can choose from the command line, which extensions they want
785 # the grep enables them to have some colons too much in case they
786 # have to build a list with the shell
787 $self->{DIR} = [grep $_, split ":", $self->{DIR}];
789 # Turn a INCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
790 if (defined $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{INCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
791 $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{INCLUDE_EXT}];
793 # Turn a EXCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
794 if (defined $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
795 $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT}];
798 foreach my $mmkey (sort keys %$self){
799 next if $mmkey eq 'ARGS';
800 print STDOUT " $mmkey => ", neatvalue($self->{$mmkey}), "\n" if $Verbose;
801 print STDOUT "'$mmkey' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name.\n"
802 unless exists $Recognized_Att_Keys{$mmkey};
809 # We allow extension-specific hints files.
812 my $curdir = File::Spec->curdir;
814 my $hint_dir = File::Spec->catdir($curdir, "hints");
815 return unless -d $hint_dir;
817 # First we look for the best hintsfile we have
818 my($hint)="${^O}_$Config{osvers}";
823 # Also try without trailing minor version numbers.
825 last if -f File::Spec->catfile($hint_dir, "$hint.pl"); # found
827 last unless $hint =~ s/_[^_]*$//; # nothing to cut off
829 my $hint_file = File::Spec->catfile($hint_dir, "$hint.pl");
831 return unless -f $hint_file; # really there
833 _run_hintfile($self, $hint_file);
838 local($self) = shift; # make $self available to the hint file.
839 my($hint_file) = shift;
842 print STDERR "Processing hints file $hint_file\n";
844 # Just in case the ./ isn't on the hint file, which File::Spec can
845 # often strip off, we bung the curdir into @INC
846 local @INC = (File::Spec->curdir, @INC);
847 my $ret = do $hint_file;
848 if( !defined $ret ) {
849 my $error = $@ || $!;
857 # Here you see the *current* list of methods that are overridable
858 # from Makefile.PL via MY:: subroutines. As of VERSION 5.07 I'm
859 # still trying to reduce the list to some reasonable minimum --
860 # because I want to make it easier for the user. A.K.
862 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
863 # can't use 'no warnings redefined', 5.6 only
864 warn @_ unless $_[0] =~ /^Subroutine .* redefined/
866 foreach my $method (@Overridable) {
868 # We cannot say "next" here. Nick might call MY->makeaperl
869 # which isn't defined right now
871 # Above statement was written at 4.23 time when Tk-b8 was
872 # around. As Tk-b9 only builds with 5.002something and MM 5 is
873 # standard, we try to enable the next line again. It was
874 # commented out until MM 5.23
876 next unless defined &{"${from}::$method"};
879 no strict 'refs'; ## no critic
880 *{"${to}::$method"} = \&{"${from}::$method"};
882 # If we delete a method, then it will be undefined and cannot
883 # be called. But as long as we have Makefile.PLs that rely on
884 # %MY:: being intact, we have to fill the hole with an
889 my $super = "SUPER::".$method;
897 # We have to clean out %INC also, because the current directory is
898 # changed frequently and Graham Barr prefers to get his version
899 # out of a History.pl file which is "required" so woudn't get
900 # loaded again in another extension requiring a History.pl
902 # With perl5.002_01 the deletion of entries in %INC caused Tk-b11
903 # to core dump in the middle of a require statement. The required
904 # file was Tk/MMutil.pm. The consequence is, we have to be
905 # extremely careful when we try to give perl a reason to reload a
906 # library with same name. The workaround prefers to drop nothing
907 # from %INC and teach the writers not to use such libraries.
910 # foreach $inc (keys %INC) {
911 # #warn "***$inc*** deleted";
919 if ($section eq 'dynamic') {
920 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
921 "in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
922 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
923 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
924 "in skipped section 'dynamic_lib'\n"
925 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_lib} && $Verbose;
927 if ($section eq 'dynamic_lib') {
928 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target '\$(INST_DYNAMIC)' depends on ",
929 "targets in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
930 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
932 if ($section eq 'static') {
933 print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'static' depends on targets ",
934 "in skipped section 'static_lib'\n"
935 if $self->{SKIPHASH}{static_lib} && $Verbose;
937 return 'skipped' if $self->{SKIPHASH}{$section};
944 my $finalname = $self->{MAKEFILE};
945 print STDOUT "Writing $finalname for $self->{NAME}\n";
947 unlink($finalname, "MakeMaker.tmp", $Is_VMS ? 'Descrip.MMS' : ());
948 open(my $fh,">", "MakeMaker.tmp")
949 or die "Unable to open MakeMaker.tmp: $!";
951 for my $chunk (@{$self->{RESULT}}) {
952 print $fh "$chunk\n";
956 _rename("MakeMaker.tmp", $finalname) or
957 warn "rename MakeMaker.tmp => $finalname: $!";
958 chmod 0644, $finalname unless $Is_VMS;
960 my %keep = map { ($_ => 1) } qw(NEEDS_LINKING HAS_LINK_CODE);
962 if ($self->{PARENT} && !$self->{_KEEP_AFTER_FLUSH}) {
963 foreach (keys %$self) { # safe memory
964 delete $self->{$_} unless $keep{$_};
968 system("$Config::Config{eunicefix} $finalname") unless $Config::Config{eunicefix} eq ":";
972 # This is a rename for OS's where the target must be unlinked first.
974 my($src, $dest) = @_;
977 return rename $src, $dest;
980 # This is an unlink for OS's where the target must be writable first.
984 return unlink @files;
988 # The following mkbootstrap() is only for installations that are calling
989 # the pre-4.1 mkbootstrap() from their old Makefiles. This MakeMaker
990 # writes Makefiles, that use ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap directly.
993 !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
994 !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker. !!!
995 !!! Please rebuild your Makefile !!!
999 # Ditto for mksymlists() as of MakeMaker 5.17
1002 !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
1003 !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker. !!!
1004 !!! Please rebuild your Makefile !!!
1010 return "undef" unless defined $v;
1012 return "q[$v]" unless $t;
1013 if ($t eq 'ARRAY') {
1016 foreach my $elem (@$v) {
1017 push @neat, "q[$elem]";
1019 push @m, join ", ", @neat;
1023 return "$v" unless $t eq 'HASH';
1025 while (($key,$val) = each %$v){
1026 last unless defined $key; # cautious programming in case (undef,undef) is true
1027 push(@m,"$key=>".neatvalue($val)) ;
1029 return "{ ".join(', ',@m)." }";
1036 push @m, "\n# Full list of MakeMaker attribute values:";
1037 foreach my $key (sort keys %$self){
1038 next if $key eq 'RESULT' || $key =~ /^[A-Z][a-z]/;
1039 my($v) = neatvalue($self->{$key});
1040 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
1042 push @m, "# $key => $v";
1054 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
1058 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
1060 WriteMakefile( ATTRIBUTE => VALUE [, ...] );
1064 This utility is designed to write a Makefile for an extension module
1065 from a Makefile.PL. It is based on the Makefile.SH model provided by
1066 Andy Dougherty and the perl5-porters.
1068 It splits the task of generating the Makefile into several subroutines
1069 that can be individually overridden. Each subroutine returns the text
1070 it wishes to have written to the Makefile.
1072 MakeMaker is object oriented. Each directory below the current
1073 directory that contains a Makefile.PL is treated as a separate
1074 object. This makes it possible to write an unlimited number of
1075 Makefiles with a single invocation of WriteMakefile().
1077 =head2 How To Write A Makefile.PL
1079 See ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial.
1081 The long answer is the rest of the manpage :-)
1083 =head2 Default Makefile Behaviour
1085 The generated Makefile enables the user of the extension to invoke
1087 perl Makefile.PL # optionally "perl Makefile.PL verbose"
1089 make test # optionally set TEST_VERBOSE=1
1090 make install # See below
1092 The Makefile to be produced may be altered by adding arguments of the
1093 form C<KEY=VALUE>. E.g.
1095 perl Makefile.PL INSTALL_BASE=~
1097 Other interesting targets in the generated Makefile are
1099 make config # to check if the Makefile is up-to-date
1100 make clean # delete local temp files (Makefile gets renamed)
1101 make realclean # delete derived files (including ./blib)
1102 make ci # check in all the files in the MANIFEST file
1103 make dist # see below the Distribution Support section
1107 MakeMaker checks for the existence of a file named F<test.pl> in the
1108 current directory and if it exists it execute the script with the
1109 proper set of perl C<-I> options.
1111 MakeMaker also checks for any files matching glob("t/*.t"). It will
1112 execute all matching files in alphabetical order via the
1113 L<Test::Harness> module with the C<-I> switches set correctly.
1115 If you'd like to see the raw output of your tests, set the
1116 C<TEST_VERBOSE> variable to true.
1118 make test TEST_VERBOSE=1
1122 A useful variation of the above is the target C<testdb>. It runs the
1123 test under the Perl debugger (see L<perldebug>). If the file
1124 F<test.pl> exists in the current directory, it is used for the test.
1126 If you want to debug some other testfile, set the C<TEST_FILE> variable
1129 make testdb TEST_FILE=t/mytest.t
1131 By default the debugger is called using C<-d> option to perl. If you
1132 want to specify some other option, set the C<TESTDB_SW> variable:
1134 make testdb TESTDB_SW=-Dx
1138 make alone puts all relevant files into directories that are named by
1139 the macros INST_LIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_SCRIPT, INST_MAN1DIR and
1140 INST_MAN3DIR. All these default to something below ./blib if you are
1141 I<not> building below the perl source directory. If you I<are>
1142 building below the perl source, INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB default to
1143 ../../lib, and INST_SCRIPT is not defined.
1145 The I<install> target of the generated Makefile copies the files found
1146 below each of the INST_* directories to their INSTALL*
1147 counterparts. Which counterparts are chosen depends on the setting of
1148 INSTALLDIRS according to the following table:
1153 PERLPREFIX SITEPREFIX VENDORPREFIX
1154 INST_ARCHLIB INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALLSITEARCH INSTALLVENDORARCH
1155 INST_LIB INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALLSITELIB INSTALLVENDORLIB
1156 INST_BIN INSTALLBIN INSTALLSITEBIN INSTALLVENDORBIN
1157 INST_SCRIPT INSTALLSCRIPT INSTALLSITESCRIPT INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT
1158 INST_MAN1DIR INSTALLMAN1DIR INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR
1159 INST_MAN3DIR INSTALLMAN3DIR INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
1161 The INSTALL... macros in turn default to their %Config
1162 ($Config{installprivlib}, $Config{installarchlib}, etc.) counterparts.
1164 You can check the values of these variables on your system with
1168 And to check the sequence in which the library directories are
1169 searched by perl, run
1171 perl -le 'print join $/, @INC'
1173 Sometimes older versions of the module you're installing live in other
1174 directories in @INC. Because Perl loads the first version of a module it
1175 finds, not the newest, you might accidentally get one of these older
1176 versions even after installing a brand new version. To delete I<all other
1177 versions of the module you're installing> (not simply older ones) set the
1180 make install UNINST=1
1185 INSTALL_BASE can be passed into Makefile.PL to change where your
1186 module will be installed. INSTALL_BASE is more like what everyone
1187 else calls "prefix" than PREFIX is.
1189 To have everything installed in your home directory, do the following.
1191 # Unix users, INSTALL_BASE=~ works fine
1192 perl Makefile.PL INSTALL_BASE=/path/to/your/home/dir
1194 Like PREFIX, it sets several INSTALL* attributes at once. Unlike
1195 PREFIX it is easy to predict where the module will end up. The
1196 installation pattern looks like this:
1198 INSTALLARCHLIB INSTALL_BASE/lib/perl5/$Config{archname}
1199 INSTALLPRIVLIB INSTALL_BASE/lib/perl5
1200 INSTALLBIN INSTALL_BASE/bin
1201 INSTALLSCRIPT INSTALL_BASE/bin
1202 INSTALLMAN1DIR INSTALL_BASE/man/man1
1203 INSTALLMAN3DIR INSTALL_BASE/man/man3
1205 INSTALL_BASE in MakeMaker and C<--install_base> in Module::Build (as
1206 of 0.28) install to the same location. If you want MakeMaker and
1207 Module::Build to install to the same location simply set INSTALL_BASE
1208 and C<--install_base> to the same location.
1210 INSTALL_BASE was added in 6.31.
1213 =head2 PREFIX and LIB attribute
1215 PREFIX and LIB can be used to set several INSTALL* attributes in one
1216 go. Here's an example for installing into your home directory.
1218 # Unix users, PREFIX=~ works fine
1219 perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/path/to/your/home/dir
1221 This will install all files in the module under your home directory,
1222 with man pages and libraries going into an appropriate place (usually
1223 ~/man and ~/lib). How the exact location is determined is complicated
1224 and depends on how your Perl was configured. INSTALL_BASE works more
1225 like what other build systems call "prefix" than PREFIX and we
1226 recommend you use that instead.
1228 Another way to specify many INSTALL directories with a single
1231 perl Makefile.PL LIB=~/lib
1233 This will install the module's architecture-independent files into
1234 ~/lib, the architecture-dependent files into ~/lib/$archname.
1236 Note, that in both cases the tilde expansion is done by MakeMaker, not
1237 by perl by default, nor by make.
1239 Conflicts between parameters LIB, PREFIX and the various INSTALL*
1240 arguments are resolved so that:
1246 setting LIB overrides any setting of INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB,
1247 INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH (and they are not affected by PREFIX);
1251 without LIB, setting PREFIX replaces the initial C<$Config{prefix}>
1252 part of those INSTALL* arguments, even if the latter are explicitly
1253 set (but are set to still start with C<$Config{prefix}>).
1257 If the user has superuser privileges, and is not working on AFS or
1258 relatives, then the defaults for INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB,
1259 INSTALLSCRIPT, etc. will be appropriate, and this incantation will be
1267 make install per default writes some documentation of what has been
1268 done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This feature
1269 can be bypassed by calling make pure_install.
1273 will have to specify the installation directories as these most
1274 probably have changed since perl itself has been installed. They will
1275 have to do this by calling
1277 perl Makefile.PL INSTALLSITELIB=/afs/here/today \
1278 INSTALLSCRIPT=/afs/there/now INSTALLMAN3DIR=/afs/for/manpages
1281 Be careful to repeat this procedure every time you recompile an
1282 extension, unless you are sure the AFS installation directories are
1285 =head2 Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
1287 An extension that is built with the above steps is ready to use on
1288 systems supporting dynamic loading. On systems that do not support
1289 dynamic loading, any newly created extension has to be linked together
1290 with the available resources. MakeMaker supports the linking process
1291 by creating appropriate targets in the Makefile whenever an extension
1292 is built. You can invoke the corresponding section of the makefile with
1296 That produces a new perl binary in the current directory with all
1297 extensions linked in that can be found in INST_ARCHLIB, SITELIBEXP,
1298 and PERL_ARCHLIB. To do that, MakeMaker writes a new Makefile, on
1299 UNIX, this is called Makefile.aperl (may be system dependent). If you
1300 want to force the creation of a new perl, it is recommended, that you
1301 delete this Makefile.aperl, so the directories are searched-through
1302 for linkable libraries again.
1304 The binary can be installed into the directory where perl normally
1305 resides on your machine with
1309 To produce a perl binary with a different name than C<perl>, either say
1311 perl Makefile.PL MAP_TARGET=myperl
1318 make myperl MAP_TARGET=myperl
1319 make inst_perl MAP_TARGET=myperl
1321 In any case you will be prompted with the correct invocation of the
1322 C<inst_perl> target that installs the new binary into INSTALLBIN.
1324 make inst_perl per default writes some documentation of what has been
1325 done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This
1326 can be bypassed by calling make pure_inst_perl.
1328 Warning: the inst_perl: target will most probably overwrite your
1329 existing perl binary. Use with care!
1331 Sometimes you might want to build a statically linked perl although
1332 your system supports dynamic loading. In this case you may explicitly
1333 set the linktype with the invocation of the Makefile.PL or make:
1335 perl Makefile.PL LINKTYPE=static # recommended
1339 make LINKTYPE=static # works on most systems
1341 =head2 Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
1343 MakeMaker needs to know, or to guess, where certain things are
1344 located. Especially INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB (where to put the files
1345 during the make(1) run), PERL_LIB and PERL_ARCHLIB (where to read
1346 existing modules from), and PERL_INC (header files and C<libperl*.*>).
1348 Extensions may be built either using the contents of the perl source
1349 directory tree or from the installed perl library. The recommended way
1350 is to build extensions after you have run 'make install' on perl
1351 itself. You can do that in any directory on your hard disk that is not
1352 below the perl source tree. The support for extensions below the ext
1353 directory of the perl distribution is only good for the standard
1354 extensions that come with perl.
1356 If an extension is being built below the C<ext/> directory of the perl
1357 source then MakeMaker will set PERL_SRC automatically (e.g.,
1358 C<../..>). If PERL_SRC is defined and the extension is recognized as
1359 a standard extension, then other variables default to the following:
1362 PERL_LIB = PERL_SRC/lib
1363 PERL_ARCHLIB = PERL_SRC/lib
1365 INST_ARCHLIB = PERL_ARCHLIB
1367 If an extension is being built away from the perl source then MakeMaker
1368 will leave PERL_SRC undefined and default to using the installed copy
1369 of the perl library. The other variables default to the following:
1371 PERL_INC = $archlibexp/CORE
1372 PERL_LIB = $privlibexp
1373 PERL_ARCHLIB = $archlibexp
1374 INST_LIB = ./blib/lib
1375 INST_ARCHLIB = ./blib/arch
1377 If perl has not yet been installed then PERL_SRC can be defined on the
1378 command line as shown in the previous section.
1381 =head2 Which architecture dependent directory?
1383 If you don't want to keep the defaults for the INSTALL* macros,
1384 MakeMaker helps you to minimize the typing needed: the usual
1385 relationship between INSTALLPRIVLIB and INSTALLARCHLIB is determined
1386 by Configure at perl compilation time. MakeMaker supports the user who
1387 sets INSTALLPRIVLIB. If INSTALLPRIVLIB is set, but INSTALLARCHLIB not,
1388 then MakeMaker defaults the latter to be the same subdirectory of
1389 INSTALLPRIVLIB as Configure decided for the counterparts in %Config ,
1390 otherwise it defaults to INSTALLPRIVLIB. The same relationship holds
1391 for INSTALLSITELIB and INSTALLSITEARCH.
1393 MakeMaker gives you much more freedom than needed to configure
1394 internal variables and get different results. It is worth to mention,
1395 that make(1) also lets you configure most of the variables that are
1396 used in the Makefile. But in the majority of situations this will not
1397 be necessary, and should only be done if the author of a package
1398 recommends it (or you know what you're doing).
1400 =head2 Using Attributes and Parameters
1402 The following attributes may be specified as arguments to WriteMakefile()
1403 or as NAME=VALUE pairs on the command line.
1409 One line description of the module. Will be included in PPD file.
1413 Name of the file that contains the package description. MakeMaker looks
1414 for a line in the POD matching /^($package\s-\s)(.*)/. This is typically
1415 the first line in the "=head1 NAME" section. $2 becomes the abstract.
1419 String containing name (and email address) of package author(s). Is used
1420 in PPD (Perl Package Description) files for PPM (Perl Package Manager).
1422 =item BINARY_LOCATION
1424 Used when creating PPD files for binary packages. It can be set to a
1425 full or relative path or URL to the binary archive for a particular
1426 architecture. For example:
1428 perl Makefile.PL BINARY_LOCATION=x86/Agent.tar.gz
1430 builds a PPD package that references a binary of the C<Agent> package,
1431 located in the C<x86> directory relative to the PPD itself.
1435 Ref to array of *.c file names. Initialised from a directory scan
1436 and the values portion of the XS attribute hash. This is not
1437 currently used by MakeMaker but may be handy in Makefile.PLs.
1441 String that will be included in the compiler call command line between
1442 the arguments INC and OPTIMIZE.
1446 Arrayref. E.g. [qw(archname manext)] defines ARCHNAME & MANEXT from
1447 config.sh. MakeMaker will add to CONFIG the following values anyway:
1467 CODE reference. The subroutine should return a hash reference. The
1468 hash may contain further attributes, e.g. {LIBS =E<gt> ...}, that have to
1469 be determined by some evaluation method.
1471 =item CONFIGURE_REQUIRES
1473 A hash of modules that are required to run Makefile.PL itself, but not
1474 to run your distribution.
1476 This will go into the C<configure_requires> field of your F<META.yml>.
1478 Defaults to C<{ "ExtUtils::MakeMaker" => 0 }>
1480 The format is the same as PREREQ_PM.
1484 Something like C<"-DHAVE_UNISTD_H">
1488 This is the root directory into which the code will be installed. It
1489 I<prepends itself to the normal prefix>. For example, if your code
1490 would normally go into F</usr/local/lib/perl> you could set DESTDIR=~/tmp/
1491 and installation would go into F<~/tmp/usr/local/lib/perl>.
1493 This is primarily of use for people who repackage Perl modules.
1495 NOTE: Due to the nature of make, it is important that you put the trailing
1496 slash on your DESTDIR. F<~/tmp/> not F<~/tmp>.
1500 Ref to array of subdirectories containing Makefile.PLs e.g. ['sdbm']
1505 A safe filename for the package.
1507 Defaults to NAME above but with :: replaced with -.
1509 For example, Foo::Bar becomes Foo-Bar.
1513 Your name for distributing the package with the version number
1514 included. This is used by 'make dist' to name the resulting archive
1517 Defaults to DISTNAME-VERSION.
1519 For example, version 1.04 of Foo::Bar becomes Foo-Bar-1.04.
1521 On some OS's where . has special meaning VERSION_SYM may be used in
1526 Hashref of symbol names for routines to be made available as universal
1527 symbols. Each key/value pair consists of the package name and an
1528 array of routine names in that package. Used only under AIX, OS/2,
1529 VMS and Win32 at present. The routine names supplied will be expanded
1530 in the same way as XSUB names are expanded by the XS() macro.
1533 {"$(NAME)" => ["boot_$(NAME)" ] }
1537 {"RPC" => [qw( boot_rpcb rpcb_gettime getnetconfigent )],
1538 "NetconfigPtr" => [ 'DESTROY'] }
1540 Please see the L<ExtUtils::Mksymlists> documentation for more information
1541 about the DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS and FUNCLIST attributes.
1545 Array of symbol names for variables to be made available as universal symbols.
1546 Used only under AIX, OS/2, VMS and Win32 at present. Defaults to [].
1547 (e.g. [ qw(Foo_version Foo_numstreams Foo_tree ) ])
1551 Array of extension names to exclude when doing a static build. This
1552 is ignored if INCLUDE_EXT is present. Consult INCLUDE_EXT for more
1553 details. (e.g. [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ] )
1555 This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
1556 command line: perl Makefile.PL EXCLUDE_EXT='Socket Safe'
1560 Ref to array of executable files. The files will be copied to the
1561 INST_SCRIPT directory. Make realclean will delete them from there
1564 If your executables start with something like #!perl or
1565 #!/usr/bin/perl MakeMaker will change this to the path of the perl
1566 'Makefile.PL' was invoked with so the programs will be sure to run
1567 properly even if perl is not in /usr/bin/perl.
1569 =item FIRST_MAKEFILE
1571 The name of the Makefile to be produced. This is used for the second
1572 Makefile that will be produced for the MAP_TARGET.
1574 Defaults to 'Makefile' or 'Descrip.MMS' on VMS.
1576 (Note: we couldn't use MAKEFILE because dmake uses this for something
1581 Perl binary able to run this extension, load XS modules, etc...
1585 Like PERLRUN, except it uses FULLPERL.
1587 =item FULLPERLRUNINST
1589 Like PERLRUNINST, except it uses FULLPERL.
1593 This provides an alternate means to specify function names to be
1594 exported from the extension. Its value is a reference to an
1595 array of function names to be exported by the extension. These
1596 names are passed through unaltered to the linker options file.
1600 Ref to array of *.h file names. Similar to C.
1604 This attribute is used to specify names to be imported into the
1605 extension. Takes a hash ref.
1607 It is only used on OS/2 and Win32.
1611 Include file dirs eg: C<"-I/usr/5include -I/path/to/inc">
1615 Array of extension names to be included when doing a static build.
1616 MakeMaker will normally build with all of the installed extensions when
1617 doing a static build, and that is usually the desired behavior. If
1618 INCLUDE_EXT is present then MakeMaker will build only with those extensions
1619 which are explicitly mentioned. (e.g. [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ])
1621 It is not necessary to mention DynaLoader or the current extension when
1622 filling in INCLUDE_EXT. If the INCLUDE_EXT is mentioned but is empty then
1623 only DynaLoader and the current extension will be included in the build.
1625 This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
1626 command line: perl Makefile.PL INCLUDE_EXT='POSIX Socket Devel::Peek'
1628 =item INSTALLARCHLIB
1630 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1631 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
1635 Directory to install binary files (e.g. tkperl) into if
1640 Determines which of the sets of installation directories to choose:
1641 perl, site or vendor. Defaults to site.
1643 =item INSTALLMAN1DIR
1645 =item INSTALLMAN3DIR
1647 These directories get the man pages at 'make install' time if
1648 INSTALLDIRS=perl. Defaults to $Config{installman*dir}.
1650 If set to 'none', no man pages will be installed.
1652 =item INSTALLPRIVLIB
1654 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1655 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
1657 Defaults to $Config{installprivlib}.
1661 Used by 'make install' which copies files from INST_SCRIPT to this
1662 directory if INSTALLDIRS=perl.
1664 =item INSTALLSITEARCH
1666 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1667 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1669 =item INSTALLSITEBIN
1671 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_BIN to this
1672 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1674 =item INSTALLSITELIB
1676 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1677 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1679 =item INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR
1681 =item INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR
1683 These directories get the man pages at 'make install' time if
1684 INSTALLDIRS=site (default). Defaults to
1685 $(SITEPREFIX)/man/man$(MAN*EXT).
1687 If set to 'none', no man pages will be installed.
1689 =item INSTALLSITESCRIPT
1691 Used by 'make install' which copies files from INST_SCRIPT to this
1692 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
1694 =item INSTALLVENDORARCH
1696 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
1697 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor.
1699 =item INSTALLVENDORBIN
1701 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_BIN to this
1702 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor.
1704 =item INSTALLVENDORLIB
1706 Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
1707 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor.
1709 =item INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR
1711 =item INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
1713 These directories get the man pages at 'make install' time if
1714 INSTALLDIRS=vendor. Defaults to $(VENDORPREFIX)/man/man$(MAN*EXT).
1716 If set to 'none', no man pages will be installed.
1718 =item INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT
1720 Used by 'make install' which copies files from INST_SCRIPT to this
1721 directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to is set to vendor.
1725 Same as INST_LIB for architecture dependent files.
1729 Directory to put real binary files during 'make'. These will be copied
1730 to INSTALLBIN during 'make install'
1734 Directory where we put library files of this extension while building
1739 Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
1743 Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
1747 Directory, where executable files should be installed during
1748 'make'. Defaults to "./blib/script", just to have a dummy location during
1749 testing. make install will copy the files in INST_SCRIPT to
1754 Program to be used to link libraries for dynamic loading.
1756 Defaults to $Config{ld}.
1760 Any special flags that might need to be passed to ld to create a
1761 shared library suitable for dynamic loading. It is up to the makefile
1762 to use it. (See L<Config/lddlflags>)
1764 Defaults to $Config{lddlflags}.
1768 Defaults to "$(OBJECT)" and is used in the ld command to specify
1769 what files to link/load from (also see dynamic_lib below for how to
1774 LIB should only be set at C<perl Makefile.PL> time but is allowed as a
1775 MakeMaker argument. It has the effect of setting both INSTALLPRIVLIB
1776 and INSTALLSITELIB to that value regardless any explicit setting of
1777 those arguments (or of PREFIX). INSTALLARCHLIB and INSTALLSITEARCH
1778 are set to the corresponding architecture subdirectory.
1782 The filename of the perllibrary that will be used together with this
1783 extension. Defaults to libperl.a.
1787 An anonymous array of alternative library
1788 specifications to be searched for (in order) until
1789 at least one library is found. E.g.
1791 'LIBS' => ["-lgdbm", "-ldbm -lfoo", "-L/path -ldbm.nfs"]
1793 Mind, that any element of the array
1794 contains a complete set of arguments for the ld
1795 command. So do not specify
1797 'LIBS' => ["-ltcl", "-ltk", "-lX11"]
1799 See ODBM_File/Makefile.PL for an example, where an array is needed. If
1800 you specify a scalar as in
1802 'LIBS' => "-ltcl -ltk -lX11"
1804 MakeMaker will turn it into an array with one element.
1808 The licensing terms of your distribution. Generally its "perl" for the
1809 same license as Perl itself.
1811 See L<Module::Build::API> for the list of options.
1813 Defaults to "unknown".
1817 'static' or 'dynamic' (default unless usedl=undef in
1818 config.sh). Should only be used to force static linking (also see
1823 Variant of make you intend to run the generated Makefile with. This
1824 parameter lets Makefile.PL know what make quirks to account for when
1825 generating the Makefile.
1827 MakeMaker also honors the MAKE environment variable. This parameter
1830 Currently the only significant values are 'dmake' and 'nmake' for Windows
1833 Defaults to $Config{make}.
1837 Boolean which tells MakeMaker, that it should include the rules to
1838 make a perl. This is handled automatically as a switch by
1839 MakeMaker. The user normally does not need it.
1843 When 'make clean' or similar is run, the $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) will be
1844 backed up at this location.
1846 Defaults to $(FIRST_MAKEFILE).old or $(FIRST_MAKEFILE)_old on VMS.
1850 Hashref of pod-containing files. MakeMaker will default this to all
1851 EXE_FILES files that include POD directives. The files listed
1852 here will be converted to man pages and installed as was requested
1855 This hash should map POD files (or scripts containing POD) to the
1856 man file names under the C<blib/man1/> directory, as in the following
1860 'doc/command.pod' => 'blib/man1/command.1',
1861 'scripts/script.pl' => 'blib/man1/script.1',
1866 Hashref that assigns to *.pm and *.pod files the files into which the
1867 manpages are to be written. MakeMaker parses all *.pod and *.pm files
1868 for POD directives. Files that contain POD will be the default keys of
1869 the MAN3PODS hashref. These will then be converted to man pages during
1870 C<make> and will be installed during C<make install>.
1872 Example similar to MAN1PODS.
1876 If it is intended, that a new perl binary be produced, this variable
1877 may hold a name for that binary. Defaults to perl
1883 A hashrefs of items to add to the F<META.yml>.
1885 They differ in how they behave if they have the same key as the
1886 default metadata. META_ADD will override the default value with it's
1887 own. META_MERGE will merge its value with the default.
1889 Unless you want to override the defaults, prefer META_MERGE so as to
1890 get the advantage of any future defaults.
1892 =item MIN_PERL_VERSION
1894 The minimum required version of Perl for this distribution.
1896 Either 5.006001 or 5.6.1 format is acceptable.
1900 If the extension links to a library that it builds set this to the
1901 name of the library (see SDBM_File)
1905 Perl module name for this extension (DBD::Oracle). This will default
1906 to the directory name but should be explicitly defined in the
1911 MakeMaker will figure out if an extension contains linkable code
1912 anywhere down the directory tree, and will set this variable
1913 accordingly, but you can speed it up a very little bit if you define
1914 this boolean variable yourself.
1918 Command so make does not print the literal commands its running.
1920 By setting it to an empty string you can generate a Makefile that
1921 prints all commands. Mainly used in debugging MakeMaker itself.
1927 Boolean. Attribute to inhibit descending into subdirectories.
1931 When true, suppresses the generation and addition to the MANIFEST of
1932 the META.yml module meta-data file during 'make distdir'.
1938 In general, any generated Makefile checks for the current version of
1939 MakeMaker and the version the Makefile was built under. If NO_VC is
1940 set, the version check is neglected. Do not write this into your
1941 Makefile.PL, use it interactively instead.
1945 List of object files, defaults to '$(BASEEXT)$(OBJ_EXT)', but can be a long
1946 string containing all object files, e.g. "tkpBind.o
1947 tkpButton.o tkpCanvas.o"
1949 (Where BASEEXT is the last component of NAME, and OBJ_EXT is $Config{obj_ext}.)
1953 Defaults to C<-O>. Set it to C<-g> to turn debugging on. The flag is
1954 passed to subdirectory makes.
1958 Perl binary for tasks that can be done by miniperl
1962 Set only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1967 The call to the program that is able to compile perlmain.c. Defaults
1972 Same as for PERL_LIB, but for architecture dependent files.
1974 Used only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1975 distribution (because normally $(PERL_ARCHLIB) is automatically in @INC,
1976 and adding it would get in the way of PERL5LIB).
1980 Directory containing the Perl library to use.
1982 Used only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
1983 distribution (because normally $(PERL_LIB) is automatically in @INC,
1984 and adding it would get in the way of PERL5LIB).
1986 =item PERL_MALLOC_OK
1988 defaults to 0. Should be set to TRUE if the extension can work with
1989 the memory allocation routines substituted by the Perl malloc() subsystem.
1990 This should be applicable to most extensions with exceptions of those
1996 with bugs in memory allocations which are caught by Perl's malloc();
2000 which interact with the memory allocator in other ways than via
2001 malloc(), realloc(), free(), calloc(), sbrk() and brk();
2005 which rely on special alignment which is not provided by Perl's malloc().
2009 B<NOTE.> Negligence to set this flag in I<any one> of loaded extension
2010 nullifies many advantages of Perl's malloc(), such as better usage of
2011 system resources, error detection, memory usage reporting, catchable failure
2012 of memory allocations, etc.
2016 Directory under which core modules are to be installed.
2018 Defaults to $Config{installprefixexp} falling back to
2019 $Config{installprefix}, $Config{prefixexp} or $Config{prefix} should
2020 $Config{installprefixexp} not exist.
2022 Overridden by PREFIX.
2026 Use this instead of $(PERL) when you wish to run perl. It will set up
2027 extra necessary flags for you.
2031 Use this instead of $(PERL) when you wish to run perl to work with
2032 modules. It will add things like -I$(INST_ARCH) and other necessary
2033 flags so perl can see the modules you're about to install.
2037 Directory containing the Perl source code (use of this should be
2038 avoided, it may be undefined)
2042 Desired permission for directories. Defaults to C<755>.
2046 Desired permission for read/writable files. Defaults to C<644>.
2050 Desired permission for executable files. Defaults to C<755>.
2054 MakeMaker can run programs to generate files for you at build time.
2055 By default any file named *.PL (except Makefile.PL and Build.PL) in
2056 the top level directory will be assumed to be a Perl program and run
2057 passing its own basename in as an argument. For example...
2061 This behavior can be overridden by supplying your own set of files to
2062 search. PL_FILES accepts a hash ref, the key being the file to run
2063 and the value is passed in as the first argument when the PL file is run.
2065 PL_FILES => {'bin/foobar.PL' => 'bin/foobar'}
2067 Would run bin/foobar.PL like this:
2069 perl bin/foobar.PL bin/foobar
2071 If multiple files from one program are desired an array ref can be used.
2073 PL_FILES => {'bin/foobar.PL' => [qw(bin/foobar1 bin/foobar2)]}
2075 In this case the program will be run multiple times using each target file.
2077 perl bin/foobar.PL bin/foobar1
2078 perl bin/foobar.PL bin/foobar2
2080 PL files are normally run B<after> pm_to_blib and include INST_LIB and
2081 INST_ARCH in its C<@INC> so the just built modules can be
2082 accessed... unless the PL file is making a module (or anything else in
2083 PM) in which case it is run B<before> pm_to_blib and does not include
2084 INST_LIB and INST_ARCH in its C<@INC>. This apparently odd behavior
2085 is there for backwards compatibility (and its somewhat DWIM).
2090 Hashref of .pm files and *.pl files to be installed. e.g.
2092 {'name_of_file.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/install_as.pm'}
2094 By default this will include *.pm and *.pl and the files found in
2095 the PMLIBDIRS directories. Defining PM in the
2096 Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
2100 Ref to array of subdirectories containing library files. Defaults to
2101 [ 'lib', $(BASEEXT) ]. The directories will be scanned and I<any> files
2102 they contain will be installed in the corresponding location in the
2103 library. A libscan() method can be used to alter the behaviour.
2104 Defining PM in the Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
2106 (Where BASEEXT is the last component of NAME.)
2110 A filter program, in the traditional Unix sense (input from stdin, output
2111 to stdout) that is passed on each .pm file during the build (in the
2112 pm_to_blib() phase). It is empty by default, meaning no filtering is done.
2114 Great care is necessary when defining the command if quoting needs to be
2115 done. For instance, you would need to say:
2117 {'PM_FILTER' => 'grep -v \\"^\\#\\"'}
2119 to remove all the leading comments on the fly during the build. The
2120 extra \\ are necessary, unfortunately, because this variable is interpolated
2121 within the context of a Perl program built on the command line, and double
2122 quotes are what is used with the -e switch to build that command line. The
2123 # is escaped for the Makefile, since what is going to be generated will then
2126 PM_FILTER = grep -v \"^\#\"
2128 Without the \\ before the #, we'd have the start of a Makefile comment,
2129 and the macro would be incorrectly defined.
2133 Release 5.005 grandfathered old global symbol names by providing preprocessor
2134 macros for extension source compatibility. As of release 5.6, these
2135 preprocessor definitions are not available by default. The POLLUTE flag
2136 specifies that the old names should still be defined:
2138 perl Makefile.PL POLLUTE=1
2140 Please inform the module author if this is necessary to successfully install
2141 a module under 5.6 or later.
2143 =item PPM_INSTALL_EXEC
2145 Name of the executable used to run C<PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT> below. (e.g. perl)
2147 =item PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT
2149 Name of the script that gets executed by the Perl Package Manager after
2150 the installation of a package.
2154 This overrides all the default install locations. Man pages,
2155 libraries, scripts, etc... MakeMaker will try to make an educated
2156 guess about where to place things under the new PREFIX based on your
2157 Config defaults. Failing that, it will fall back to a structure
2158 which should be sensible for your platform.
2160 If you specify LIB or any INSTALL* variables they will not be effected
2165 Bool. If this parameter is true, failing to have the required modules
2166 (or the right versions thereof) will be fatal. C<perl Makefile.PL>
2167 will C<die> instead of simply informing the user of the missing dependencies.
2169 It is I<extremely> rare to have to use C<PREREQ_FATAL>. Its use by module
2170 authors is I<strongly discouraged> and should never be used lightly.
2171 Module installation tools have ways of resolving umet dependencies but
2172 to do that they need a F<Makefile>. Using C<PREREQ_FATAL> breaks this.
2175 The only situation where it is appropriate is when you have
2176 dependencies that are indispensible to actually I<write> a
2177 F<Makefile>. For example, MakeMaker's F<Makefile.PL> needs L<File::Spec>.
2178 If its not available it cannot write the F<Makefile>.
2180 Note: see L<Test::Harness> for a shortcut for stopping tests early
2181 if you are missing dependencies and are afraid that users might
2182 use your module with an incomplete environment.
2186 A hash of modules that are needed to run your module. The keys are
2187 the module names ie. Test::More, and the minimum version is the
2188 value. If the required version number is 0 any version will do.
2190 This will go into the C<requires> field of your F<META.yml>.
2193 # Require Test::More at least 0.47
2194 "Test::More" => "0.47",
2196 # Require any version of Acme::Buffy
2202 Bool. If this parameter is true, the prerequisites will be printed to
2203 stdout and MakeMaker will exit. The output format is an evalable hash
2212 If a distribution defines a minimal required perl version, this is
2213 added to the output as an additional line of the form:
2215 $MIN_PERL_VERSION = '5.008001';
2219 RedHatism for C<PREREQ_PRINT>. The output format is different, though:
2221 perl(A::B)>=Vers1 perl(C::D)>=Vers2 ...
2223 A minimal required perl version, if present, will look like this:
2225 perl(perl)>=5.008001
2229 Like PERLPREFIX, but only for the site install locations.
2231 Defaults to $Config{siteprefixexp}. Perls prior to 5.6.0 didn't have
2232 an explicit siteprefix in the Config. In those cases
2233 $Config{installprefix} will be used.
2235 Overridable by PREFIX
2239 When true, perform the generation and addition to the MANIFEST of the
2240 SIGNATURE file in the distdir during 'make distdir', via 'cpansign
2243 Note that you need to install the Module::Signature module to
2244 perform this operation.
2250 Arrayref. E.g. [qw(name1 name2)] skip (do not write) sections of the
2251 Makefile. Caution! Do not use the SKIP attribute for the negligible
2252 speedup. It may seriously damage the resulting Makefile. Only use it
2253 if you really need it.
2257 Ref to array of typemap file names. Use this when the typemaps are
2258 in some directory other than the current directory or when they are
2259 not named B<typemap>. The last typemap in the list takes
2260 precedence. A typemap in the current directory has highest
2261 precedence, even if it isn't listed in TYPEMAPS. The default system
2262 typemap has lowest precedence.
2266 Like PERLPREFIX, but only for the vendor install locations.
2268 Defaults to $Config{vendorprefixexp}.
2270 Overridable by PREFIX
2274 If true, make install will be verbose
2278 Your version number for distributing the package. This defaults to
2283 Instead of specifying the VERSION in the Makefile.PL you can let
2284 MakeMaker parse a file to determine the version number. The parsing
2285 routine requires that the file named by VERSION_FROM contains one
2286 single line to compute the version number. The first line in the file
2287 that contains the regular expression
2289 /([\$*])(([\w\:\']*)\bVERSION)\b.*\=/
2291 will be evaluated with eval() and the value of the named variable
2292 B<after> the eval() will be assigned to the VERSION attribute of the
2293 MakeMaker object. The following lines will be parsed o.k.:
2297 ($VERSION) = q$Revision$ =~ /(\d+)/g;
2298 $FOO::VERSION = '1.10';
2299 *FOO::VERSION = \'1.11';
2301 but these will fail:
2304 my $VERSION = '1.01';
2305 local $VERSION = '1.02';
2306 local $FOO::VERSION = '1.30';
2308 "Version strings" are incompatible should not be used.
2314 L<version> objects are fine. As of MakeMaker 6.35 version.pm will be
2315 automatically loaded, but you must declare the dependency on version.pm.
2316 For compatibility with older MakeMaker you should load on the same line
2317 as $VERSION is declared.
2320 use version; our $VERSION = qv(1.2.3);
2322 (Putting C<my> or C<local> on the preceding line will work o.k.)
2324 The file named in VERSION_FROM is not added as a dependency to
2325 Makefile. This is not really correct, but it would be a major pain
2326 during development to have to rewrite the Makefile for any smallish
2327 change in that file. If you want to make sure that the Makefile
2328 contains the correct VERSION macro after any change of the file, you
2329 would have to do something like
2331 depend => { Makefile => '$(VERSION_FROM)' }
2333 See attribute C<depend> below.
2337 A sanitized VERSION with . replaced by _. For places where . has
2338 special meaning (some filesystems, RCS labels, etc...)
2342 Hashref of .xs files. MakeMaker will default this. e.g.
2344 {'name_of_file.xs' => 'name_of_file.c'}
2346 The .c files will automatically be included in the list of files
2347 deleted by a make clean.
2351 String of options to pass to xsubpp. This might include C<-C++> or
2352 C<-extern>. Do not include typemaps here; the TYPEMAP parameter exists for
2357 May be set to an empty string, which is identical to C<-prototypes>, or
2358 C<-noprototypes>. See the xsubpp documentation for details. MakeMaker
2359 defaults to the empty string.
2363 Your version number for the .xs file of this package. This defaults
2364 to the value of the VERSION attribute.
2368 =head2 Additional lowercase attributes
2370 can be used to pass parameters to the methods which implement that
2371 part of the Makefile. Parameters are specified as a hash ref but are
2372 passed to the method as a hash.
2378 {FILES => "*.xyz foo"}
2382 {ANY_TARGET => ANY_DEPENDENCY, ...}
2384 (ANY_TARGET must not be given a double-colon rule by MakeMaker.)
2388 {TARFLAGS => 'cvfF', COMPRESS => 'gzip', SUFFIX => '.gz',
2389 SHAR => 'shar -m', DIST_CP => 'ln', ZIP => '/bin/zip',
2390 ZIPFLAGS => '-rl', DIST_DEFAULT => 'private tardist' }
2392 If you specify COMPRESS, then SUFFIX should also be altered, as it is
2393 needed to tell make the target file of the compression. Setting
2394 DIST_CP to ln can be useful, if you need to preserve the timestamps on
2395 your files. DIST_CP can take the values 'cp', which copies the file,
2396 'ln', which links the file, and 'best' which copies symbolic links and
2397 links the rest. Default is 'best'.
2401 {ARMAYBE => 'ar', OTHERLDFLAGS => '...', INST_DYNAMIC_DEP => '...'}
2405 {LINKTYPE => 'static', 'dynamic' or ''}
2407 NB: Extensions that have nothing but *.pm files had to say
2411 with Pre-5.0 MakeMakers. Since version 5.00 of MakeMaker such a line
2412 can be deleted safely. MakeMaker recognizes when there's nothing to
2417 {ANY_MACRO => ANY_VALUE, ...}
2421 Anything put here will be passed to MY::postamble() if you have one.
2425 {FILES => '$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/*.xyz'}
2431 =item tool_autosplit
2437 =head2 Overriding MakeMaker Methods
2439 If you cannot achieve the desired Makefile behaviour by specifying
2440 attributes you may define private subroutines in the Makefile.PL.
2441 Each subroutine returns the text it wishes to have written to
2442 the Makefile. To override a section of the Makefile you can
2445 sub MY::c_o { "new literal text" }
2447 or you can edit the default by saying something like:
2449 package MY; # so that "SUPER" works right
2451 my $inherited = shift->SUPER::c_o(@_);
2452 $inherited =~ s/old text/new text/;
2456 If you are running experiments with embedding perl as a library into
2457 other applications, you might find MakeMaker is not sufficient. You'd
2458 better have a look at ExtUtils::Embed which is a collection of utilities
2461 If you still need a different solution, try to develop another
2462 subroutine that fits your needs and submit the diffs to
2463 C<makemaker@perl.org>
2465 For a complete description of all MakeMaker methods see
2466 L<ExtUtils::MM_Unix>.
2468 Here is a simple example of how to add a new target to the generated
2472 return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
2473 $(MYEXTLIB): sdbm/Makefile
2474 cd sdbm && $(MAKE) all
2479 =head2 The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
2481 WriteMakefile() now does some basic sanity checks on its parameters to
2482 protect against typos and malformatted values. This means some things
2483 which happened to work in the past will now throw warnings and
2484 possibly produce internal errors.
2486 Some of the most common mistakes:
2490 =item C<< MAN3PODS => ' ' >>
2492 This is commonly used to suppress the creation of man pages. MAN3PODS
2493 takes a hash ref not a string, but the above worked by accident in old
2494 versions of MakeMaker.
2496 The correct code is C<< MAN3PODS => { } >>.
2501 =head2 Hintsfile support
2503 MakeMaker.pm uses the architecture specific information from
2504 Config.pm. In addition it evaluates architecture specific hints files
2505 in a C<hints/> directory. The hints files are expected to be named
2506 like their counterparts in C<PERL_SRC/hints>, but with an C<.pl> file
2507 name extension (eg. C<next_3_2.pl>). They are simply C<eval>ed by
2508 MakeMaker within the WriteMakefile() subroutine, and can be used to
2509 execute commands as well as to include special variables. The rules
2510 which hintsfile is chosen are the same as in Configure.
2512 The hintsfile is eval()ed immediately after the arguments given to
2513 WriteMakefile are stuffed into a hash reference $self but before this
2514 reference becomes blessed. So if you want to do the equivalent to
2515 override or create an attribute you would say something like
2517 $self->{LIBS} = ['-ldbm -lucb -lc'];
2519 =head2 Distribution Support
2521 For authors of extensions MakeMaker provides several Makefile
2522 targets. Most of the support comes from the ExtUtils::Manifest module,
2523 where additional documentation can be found.
2527 =item make distcheck
2529 reports which files are below the build directory but not in the
2530 MANIFEST file and vice versa. (See ExtUtils::Manifest::fullcheck() for
2533 =item make skipcheck
2535 reports which files are skipped due to the entries in the
2536 C<MANIFEST.SKIP> file (See ExtUtils::Manifest::skipcheck() for
2539 =item make distclean
2541 does a realclean first and then the distcheck. Note that this is not
2542 needed to build a new distribution as long as you are sure that the
2543 MANIFEST file is ok.
2547 rewrites the MANIFEST file, adding all remaining files found (See
2548 ExtUtils::Manifest::mkmanifest() for details)
2552 Copies all the files that are in the MANIFEST file to a newly created
2553 directory with the name C<$(DISTNAME)-$(VERSION)>. If that directory
2554 exists, it will be removed first.
2556 Additionally, it will create a META.yml module meta-data file in the
2557 distdir and add this to the distdir's MANIFEST. You can shut this
2558 behavior off with the NO_META flag.
2562 Makes a distdir first, and runs a C<perl Makefile.PL>, a make, and
2563 a make test in that directory.
2567 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2568 command, followed by $(TO_UNIX), which defaults to a null command under
2569 UNIX, and will convert files in distribution directory to UNIX format
2570 otherwise. Next it runs C<tar> on that directory into a tarfile and
2571 deletes the directory. Finishes with a command $(POSTOP) which
2572 defaults to a null command.
2576 Defaults to $(DIST_DEFAULT) which in turn defaults to tardist.
2578 =item make uutardist
2580 Runs a tardist first and uuencodes the tarfile.
2584 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2585 command. Next it runs C<shar> on that directory into a sharfile and
2586 deletes the intermediate directory again. Finishes with a command
2587 $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command. Note: For shdist to work
2588 properly a C<shar> program that can handle directories is mandatory.
2592 First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
2593 command. Runs C<$(ZIP) $(ZIPFLAGS)> on that directory into a
2594 zipfile. Then deletes that directory. Finishes with a command
2595 $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command.
2599 Does a $(CI) and a $(RCS_LABEL) on all files in the MANIFEST file.
2603 Customization of the dist targets can be done by specifying a hash
2604 reference to the dist attribute of the WriteMakefile call. The
2605 following parameters are recognized:
2608 COMPRESS ('gzip --best')
2611 TO_UNIX (depends on the system)
2612 RCS_LABEL ('rcs -q -Nv$(VERSION_SYM):')
2625 COMPRESS => "bzip2",
2631 =head2 Module Meta-Data
2633 Long plaguing users of MakeMaker based modules has been the problem of
2634 getting basic information about the module out of the sources
2635 I<without> running the F<Makefile.PL> and doing a bunch of messy
2636 heuristics on the resulting F<Makefile>. To this end a simple module
2637 meta-data file has been introduced, F<META.yml>.
2639 F<META.yml> is a YAML document (see http://www.yaml.org) containing
2640 basic information about the module (name, version, prerequisites...)
2641 in an easy to read format. The format is developed and defined by the
2642 Module::Build developers (see
2643 http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec.html)
2645 MakeMaker will automatically generate a F<META.yml> file for you and
2646 add it to your F<MANIFEST> as part of the 'distdir' target (and thus
2647 the 'dist' target). This is intended to seamlessly and rapidly
2648 populate CPAN with module meta-data. If you wish to shut this feature
2649 off, set the C<NO_META> C<WriteMakefile()> flag to true.
2652 =head2 Disabling an extension
2654 If some events detected in F<Makefile.PL> imply that there is no way
2655 to create the Module, but this is a normal state of things, then you
2656 can create a F<Makefile> which does nothing, but succeeds on all the
2657 "usual" build targets. To do so, use
2659 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker qw(WriteEmptyMakefile);
2660 WriteEmptyMakefile();
2662 instead of WriteMakefile().
2664 This may be useful if other modules expect this module to be I<built>
2665 OK, as opposed to I<work> OK (say, this system-dependent module builds
2666 in a subdirectory of some other distribution, or is listed as a
2667 dependency in a CPAN::Bundle, but the functionality is supported by
2668 different means on the current architecture).
2670 =head2 Other Handy Functions
2676 my $value = prompt($message);
2677 my $value = prompt($message, $default);
2679 The C<prompt()> function provides an easy way to request user input
2680 used to write a makefile. It displays the $message as a prompt for
2681 input. If a $default is provided it will be used as a default. The
2682 function returns the $value selected by the user.
2684 If C<prompt()> detects that it is not running interactively and there
2685 is nothing on STDIN or if the PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT environment variable
2686 is set to true, the $default will be used without prompting. This
2687 prevents automated processes from blocking on user input.
2689 If no $default is provided an empty string will be used instead.
2700 Command line options used by C<MakeMaker-E<gt>new()>, and thus by
2701 C<WriteMakefile()>. The string is split on whitespace, and the result
2702 is processed before any actual command line arguments are processed.
2704 =item PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
2706 If set to a true value then MakeMaker's prompt function will
2707 always return the default without waiting for user input.
2711 Same as the PERL_CORE parameter. The parameter overrides this.
2717 L<Module::Build> is a pure-Perl alternative to MakeMaker which does
2718 not rely on make or any other external utility. It is easier to
2719 extend to suit your needs.
2721 L<Module::Install> is a wrapper around MakeMaker which adds features
2722 not normally available.
2724 L<ExtUtils::ModuleMaker> and L<Module::Starter> are both modules to
2725 help you setup your distribution.
2729 Andy Dougherty C<doughera@lafayette.edu>, Andreas KE<ouml>nig
2730 C<andreas.koenig@mind.de>, Tim Bunce C<timb@cpan.org>. VMS
2731 support by Charles Bailey C<bailey@newman.upenn.edu>. OS/2 support
2732 by Ilya Zakharevich C<ilya@math.ohio-state.edu>.
2734 Currently maintained by Michael G Schwern C<schwern@pobox.com>
2736 Send patches and ideas to C<makemaker@perl.org>.
2738 Send bug reports via http://rt.cpan.org/. Please send your
2739 generated Makefile along with your report.
2741 For more up-to-date information, see L<http://www.makemaker.org>.
2745 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2746 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2748 See L<http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html>