5 If the first entry in an import list begins with !, : or / then the
6 list is treated as a series of specifications which either add to or
7 delete from the list of names to import. They are processed left to
8 right. Specifications are in the form:
10 [!]name This name only
11 [!]:DEFAULT All names in @EXPORT
12 [!]:tag All names in $EXPORT_TAGS{tag} anonymous list
13 [!]/pattern/ All names in @EXPORT and @EXPORT_OK which match
15 A leading ! indicates that matching names should be deleted from the
16 list of names to import. If the first specification is a deletion it
17 is treated as though preceded by :DEFAULT. If you just want to import
18 extra names in addition to the default set you will still need to
19 include :DEFAULT explicitly.
21 e.g., Module.pm defines:
23 @EXPORT = qw(A1 A2 A3 A4 A5);
24 @EXPORT_OK = qw(B1 B2 B3 B4 B5);
25 %EXPORT_TAGS = (T1 => [qw(A1 A2 B1 B2)], T2 => [qw(A1 A2 B3 B4)]);
27 Note that you cannot use tags in @EXPORT or @EXPORT_OK.
28 Names in EXPORT_TAGS must also appear in @EXPORT or @EXPORT_OK.
32 use Module qw(:DEFAULT :T2 !B3 A3);
33 use Socket qw(!/^[AP]F_/ !SOMAXCONN !SOL_SOCKET);
34 use POSIX qw(/^S_/ acos asin atan /^E/ !/^EXIT/);
36 You can set C<$Exporter::Verbose=1;> to see how the specifications are
37 being processed and what is actually being imported into modules.
50 # First make import warnings look like they're coming from the "use".
51 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
53 $text =~ s/ at \S*Exporter.pm line \d+.\n//;
54 local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # ignore package calling us too.
62 *exports = \@{"${pkg}::EXPORT"};
65 *exports = \%{"${pkg}::EXPORT"};
67 grep(s/^&//, @exports);
68 @exports{@exports} = (1) x @exports;
69 foreach $extra (@{"${pkg}::EXPORT_OK"}) {
74 if ($imports[0] =~ m#^[/!:]#){
75 my(@allexports) = keys %exports;
76 my $tagsref = \%{"${pkg}::EXPORT_TAGS"};
79 # negated first item implies starting with default set:
80 unshift(@imports, ':DEFAULT') if $imports[0] =~ m/^!/;
83 my($mode,$spec) = m/^(!)?(.*)/;
84 $mode = '+' unless defined $mode;
86 @names = ($spec); # default, maybe overridden below
88 if ($spec =~ m:^/(.*)/$:){
90 @names = grep(/$patn/, @allexports); # XXX anchor by default?
92 elsif ($spec =~ m#^:(.*)# and $tagsref){
96 elsif ($tagsref and $tagdata = $tagsref->{$1}) {
101 warn "Import Mode $mode, Spec $spec, Names @names\n" if $Verbose;
103 map {delete $imports{$_}} @names; # delete @imports{@names} would be handy :-)
106 @imports{@names} = (1) x @names;
109 @imports = keys %imports;
112 foreach $sym (@imports) {
113 if (!$exports{$sym}) {
114 if ($sym !~ s/^&// || !$exports{$sym}) {
115 warn qq["$sym" is not exported by the $pkg module ],
116 "at $callfile line $callline\n";
122 Carp::croak("Can't continue with import errors.\n") if $oops;
127 warn "Importing from $pkg into $callpkg: ",
128 join(", ",@imports),"\n" if ($Verbose && @imports);
129 foreach $sym (@imports) {
131 $type = $1 if $sym =~ s/^(\W)//;
132 *{"${callpkg}::$sym"} =
133 $type eq '&' ? \&{"${pkg}::$sym"} :
134 $type eq '$' ? \${"${pkg}::$sym"} :
135 $type eq '@' ? \@{"${pkg}::$sym"} :
136 $type eq '%' ? \%{"${pkg}::$sym"} :
137 $type eq '*' ? *{"${pkg}::$sym"} :
138 warn "Can't export symbol: $type$sym\n";
143 local ($callpkg, $callfile, $callline) = caller($ExportLevel);
145 export $pkg, $callpkg, @_;
150 *tags = \%{"${pkg}::EXPORT_TAGS"};
151 push(@{"${pkg}::EXPORT"},
152 map {$tags{$_} ? @{$tags{$_}} : $_} @_ ? @_ : keys %tags);