7 # Always remember to do all digits for the version even if they're 0
8 # i.e. first release of 0.XX *must* be 0.XX000. This avoids fBSD ports
9 # brain damage and presumably various other packaging systems too
11 # $VERSION declaration must stay up here, ahead of any other package
12 # declarations, as to not confuse various modules attempting to determine
13 # this ones version, whether that be s.c.o. or Module::Metadata, etc
16 $VERSION = eval $VERSION if $VERSION =~ /_/; # numify for warning-free dev releases
19 package # hide from pause
27 BROKEN_FORK => ($^O eq 'MSWin32') ? 1 : 0,
29 HAS_ITHREADS => $Config{useithreads} ? 1 : 0,
31 # ::Runmode would only be loaded by DBICTest, which in turn implies t/
32 DBICTEST => eval { DBICTest::RunMode->is_author } ? 1 : 0,
34 # During 5.13 dev cycle HELEMs started to leak on copy
36 # request for all tests would force "non-leaky" illusion and vice-versa
37 defined $ENV{DBICTEST_ALL_LEAKS} ? !$ENV{DBICTEST_ALL_LEAKS}
38 # otherwise confess that this perl is busted ONLY on smokers
39 : eval { DBICTest::RunMode->is_smoker } && ($] >= 5.013005 and $] <= 5.013006) ? 1
40 # otherwise we are good
47 constant->import( OLD_MRO => 1 );
51 constant->import( OLD_MRO => 0 );
57 use DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies;
59 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Componentised DBIx::Class::AccessorGroup/;
60 use DBIx::Class::StartupCheck;
61 use DBIx::Class::Exception;
63 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors(inherited => '_skip_namespace_frames');
64 __PACKAGE__->_skip_namespace_frames('^DBIx::Class|^SQL::Abstract|^Try::Tiny|^Class::Accessor::Grouped|^Context::Preserve');
67 shift->mk_classaccessor(@_);
70 sub mk_classaccessor {
72 $self->mk_group_accessors('inherited', $_[0]);
73 $self->set_inherited(@_) if @_ > 1;
76 sub component_base_class { 'DBIx::Class' }
78 sub MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES {
79 my ($class,$code,@attrs) = @_;
80 $class->mk_classdata('__attr_cache' => {})
81 unless $class->can('__attr_cache');
82 $class->__attr_cache->{$code} = [@attrs];
88 my $cache = $self->can('__attr_cache') ? $self->__attr_cache : {};
92 %{ $self->maybe::next::method || {} },
100 DBIx::Class - Extensible and flexible object <-> relational mapper.
102 =head1 GETTING HELP/SUPPORT
104 The community can be found via:
108 =item * IRC: irc.perl.org#dbix-class
111 <a href="http://chat.mibbit.com/#dbix-class@irc.perl.org">(click for instant chatroom login)</a>
113 =item * Mailing list: L<http://lists.scsys.co.uk/mailman/listinfo/dbix-class>
115 =item * Twitter L<http://www.twitter.com/dbix_class>
117 =item * Web Site: L<http://www.dbix-class.org/>
119 =item * RT Bug Tracker: L<https://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Queue=DBIx-Class>
123 The project is maintained in a git repository, accessible from the following sources:
127 =item * git: L<git://git.shadowcat.co.uk/dbsrgits/DBIx-Class.git>
129 =item * gitweb: L<http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=dbsrgits/DBIx-Class.git>
131 =item * github mirror: L<https://github.com/dbsrgits/DBIx-Class>
133 =item * authorized committers: L<ssh://dbsrgits@git.shadowcat.co.uk/DBIx-Class.git>
135 =item * Travis-CI log: L<http://travis-ci.org/dbsrgits/dbix-class/builds>
138 <img src="https://secure.travis-ci.org/dbsrgits/dbix-class.png?branch=master"></img>
144 Create a schema class called MyApp/Schema.pm:
146 package MyApp::Schema;
147 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
149 __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces();
153 Create a result class to represent artists, who have many CDs, in
154 MyApp/Schema/Result/Artist.pm:
156 See L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> for docs on defining result classes.
158 package MyApp::Schema::Result::Artist;
159 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Core/;
161 __PACKAGE__->table('artist');
162 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ artistid name /);
163 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('artistid');
164 __PACKAGE__->has_many(cds => 'MyApp::Schema::Result::CD', 'artistid');
168 A result class to represent a CD, which belongs to an artist, in
169 MyApp/Schema/Result/CD.pm:
171 package MyApp::Schema::Result::CD;
172 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Core/;
174 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/InflateColumn::DateTime/);
175 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
176 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ cdid artistid title year /);
177 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('cdid');
178 __PACKAGE__->belongs_to(artist => 'MyApp::Schema::Result::Artist', 'artistid');
182 Then you can use these classes in your application's code:
184 # Connect to your database.
186 my $schema = MyApp::Schema->connect($dbi_dsn, $user, $pass, \%dbi_params);
188 # Query for all artists and put them in an array,
189 # or retrieve them as a result set object.
190 # $schema->resultset returns a DBIx::Class::ResultSet
191 my @all_artists = $schema->resultset('Artist')->all;
192 my $all_artists_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist');
194 # Output all artists names
195 # $artist here is a DBIx::Class::Row, which has accessors
196 # for all its columns. Rows are also subclasses of your Result class.
197 foreach $artist (@all_artists) {
198 print $artist->name, "\n";
201 # Create a result set to search for artists.
202 # This does not query the DB.
203 my $johns_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist')->search(
204 # Build your WHERE using an SQL::Abstract structure:
205 { name => { like => 'John%' } }
208 # Execute a joined query to get the cds.
209 my @all_john_cds = $johns_rs->search_related('cds')->all;
211 # Fetch the next available row.
212 my $first_john = $johns_rs->next;
214 # Specify ORDER BY on the query.
215 my $first_john_cds_by_title_rs = $first_john->cds(
217 { order_by => 'title' }
220 # Create a result set that will fetch the artist data
221 # at the same time as it fetches CDs, using only one query.
222 my $millennium_cds_rs = $schema->resultset('CD')->search(
224 { prefetch => 'artist' }
227 my $cd = $millennium_cds_rs->next; # SELECT ... FROM cds JOIN artists ...
228 my $cd_artist_name = $cd->artist->name; # Already has the data so no 2nd query
230 # new() makes a Result object but doesnt insert it into the DB.
231 # create() is the same as new() then insert().
232 my $new_cd = $schema->resultset('CD')->new({ title => 'Spoon' });
233 $new_cd->artist($cd->artist);
234 $new_cd->insert; # Auto-increment primary key filled in after INSERT
235 $new_cd->title('Fork');
237 $schema->txn_do(sub { $new_cd->update }); # Runs the update in a transaction
239 # change the year of all the millennium CDs at once
240 $millennium_cds_rs->update({ year => 2002 });
244 This is an SQL to OO mapper with an object API inspired by L<Class::DBI>
245 (with a compatibility layer as a springboard for porting) and a resultset API
246 that allows abstract encapsulation of database operations. It aims to make
247 representing queries in your code as perl-ish as possible while still
248 providing access to as many of the capabilities of the database as possible,
249 including retrieving related records from multiple tables in a single query,
250 JOIN, LEFT JOIN, COUNT, DISTINCT, GROUP BY, ORDER BY and HAVING support.
252 DBIx::Class can handle multi-column primary and foreign keys, complex
253 queries and database-level paging, and does its best to only query the
254 database in order to return something you've directly asked for. If a
255 resultset is used as an iterator it only fetches rows off the statement
256 handle as requested in order to minimise memory usage. It has auto-increment
257 support for SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server and DB2 and is
258 known to be used in production on at least the first four, and is fork-
259 and thread-safe out of the box (although
260 L<your DBD may not be|DBI/Threads and Thread Safety>).
262 This project is still under rapid development, so large new features may be
263 marked EXPERIMENTAL - such APIs are still usable but may have edge bugs.
264 Failing test cases are *always* welcome and point releases are put out rapidly
265 as bugs are found and fixed.
267 We do our best to maintain full backwards compatibility for published
268 APIs, since DBIx::Class is used in production in many organisations,
269 and even backwards incompatible changes to non-published APIs will be fixed
270 if they're reported and doing so doesn't cost the codebase anything.
272 The test suite is quite substantial, and several developer releases
273 are generally made to CPAN before the branch for the next release is
274 merged back to trunk for a major release.
276 =head1 WHERE TO GO NEXT
278 L<DBIx::Class::Manual::DocMap> lists each task you might want help on, and
279 the modules where you will find documentation.
283 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
285 (I mostly consider myself "project founder" these days but the AUTHOR heading
290 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
292 acca: Alexander Kuznetsov <acca@cpan.org>
294 aherzog: Adam Herzog <adam@herzogdesigns.com>
296 Alexander Keusch <cpan@keusch.at>
298 alexrj: Alessandro Ranellucci <aar@cpan.org>
300 alnewkirk: Al Newkirk <we@ana.im>
302 amiri: Amiri Barksdale <amiri@metalabel.com>
304 amoore: Andrew Moore <amoore@cpan.org>
306 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
310 arc: Aaron Crane <arc@cpan.org>
312 arcanez: Justin Hunter <justin.d.hunter@gmail.com>
314 ash: Ash Berlin <ash@cpan.org>
316 bert: Norbert Csongradi <bert@cpan.org>
318 blblack: Brandon L. Black <blblack@gmail.com>
320 bluefeet: Aran Deltac <bluefeet@cpan.org>
322 bphillips: Brian Phillips <bphillips@cpan.org>
324 boghead: Bryan Beeley <cpan@beeley.org>
326 brd: Brad Davis <brd@FreeBSD.org>
328 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
330 brunov: Bruno Vecchi <vecchi.b@gmail.com>
332 caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@cpan.org>
334 caldrin: Maik Hentsche <maik.hentsche@amd.com>
336 castaway: Jess Robinson
338 claco: Christopher H. Laco
342 da5id: David Jack Olrik <djo@cpan.org>
344 debolaz: Anders Nor Berle <berle@cpan.org>
346 dew: Dan Thomas <dan@godders.org>
348 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
350 dnm: Justin Wheeler <jwheeler@datademons.com>
352 dpetrov: Dimitar Petrov <mitakaa@gmail.com>
354 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
356 dyfrgi: Michael Leuchtenburg <michael@slashhome.org>
358 edenc: Eden Cardim <edencardim@gmail.com>
360 felliott: Fitz Elliott <fitz.elliott@gmail.com>
362 freetime: Bill Moseley <moseley@hank.org>
364 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
366 goraxe: Gordon Irving <goraxe@cpan.org>
368 gphat: Cory G Watson <gphat@cpan.org>
370 Grant Street Group L<http://www.grantstreet.com/>
372 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@cpan.org>
374 Haarg: Graham Knop <haarg@haarg.org>
376 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>
378 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari MannsE<aring>ker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
380 initself: Mike Baas <mike@initselftech.com>
382 ironcamel: Naveed Massjouni <naveedm9@gmail.com>
384 jawnsy: Jonathan Yu <jawnsy@cpan.org>
386 jasonmay: Jason May <jason.a.may@gmail.com>
390 jgoulah: John Goulah <jgoulah@cpan.org>
392 jguenther: Justin Guenther <jguenther@cpan.org>
394 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
396 jnapiorkowski: John Napiorkowski <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
398 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
400 jshirley: J. Shirley <jshirley@gmail.com>
402 kaare: Kaare Rasmussen
404 konobi: Scott McWhirter
406 littlesavage: Alexey Illarionov <littlesavage@orionet.ru>
408 lukes: Luke Saunders <luke.saunders@gmail.com>
410 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
412 mattlaw: Matt Lawrence
414 mattp: Matt Phillips <mattp@cpan.org>
416 michaelr: Michael Reddick <michael.reddick@gmail.com>
418 milki: Jonathan Chu <milki@rescomp.berkeley.edu>
420 mjemmeson: Michael Jemmeson <michael.jemmeson@gmail.com>
422 mstratman: Mark A. Stratman <stratman@gmail.com>
424 ned: Neil de Carteret
426 nigel: Nigel Metheringham <nigelm@cpan.org>
428 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
430 Nniuq: Ron "Quinn" Straight" <quinnfazigu@gmail.org>
432 norbi: Norbert Buchmuller <norbi@nix.hu>
434 nuba: Nuba Princigalli <nuba@cpan.org>
436 Numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
438 ovid: Curtis "Ovid" Poe <ovid@cpan.org>
440 oyse: E<Oslash>ystein Torget <oystein.torget@dnv.com>
442 paulm: Paul Makepeace
444 penguin: K J Cheetham
446 perigrin: Chris Prather <chris@prather.org>
448 peter: Peter Collingbourne <peter@pcc.me.uk>
450 Peter Valdemar ME<oslash>rch <peter@morch.com>
452 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
454 plu: Johannes Plunien <plu@cpan.org>
456 Possum: Daniel LeWarne <possum@cpan.org>
458 quicksilver: Jules Bean
460 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
462 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich <perl@rb.ly>
464 rbo: Robert Bohne <rbo@cpan.org>
466 rbuels: Robert Buels <rmb32@cornell.edu>
468 rdj: Ryan D Johnson <ryan@innerfence.com>
470 ribasushi: Peter Rabbitson <ribasushi@cpan.org>
472 rjbs: Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
474 robkinyon: Rob Kinyon <rkinyon@cpan.org>
476 Robert Olson <bob@rdolson.org>
478 Roman: Roman Filippov <romanf@cpan.org>
480 Sadrak: Felix Antonius Wilhelm Ostmann <sadrak@cpan.org>
482 sc_: Just Another Perl Hacker
484 scotty: Scotty Allen <scotty@scottyallen.com>
486 semifor: Marc Mims <marc@questright.com>
488 SineSwiper: Brendan Byrd <bbyrd@cpan.org>
490 solomon: Jared Johnson <jaredj@nmgi.com>
492 spb: Stephen Bennett <stephen@freenode.net>
494 Squeeks <squeek@cpan.org>
496 sszabo: Stephan Szabo <sszabo@bigpanda.com>
498 talexb: Alex Beamish <talexb@gmail.com>
500 tamias: Ronald J Kimball <rjk@tamias.net>
502 teejay : Aaron Trevena <teejay@cpan.org>
508 tonvoon: Ton Voon <tonvoon@cpan.org>
510 triode: Pete Gamache <gamache@cpan.org>
512 typester: Daisuke Murase <typester@cpan.org>
514 victori: Victor Igumnov <victori@cpan.org>
518 wesm: Wes Malone <wes@mitsi.com>
520 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
522 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
524 xenoterracide: Caleb Cushing <xenoterracide@gmail.com>
526 yrlnry: Mark Jason Dominus <mjd@plover.com>
528 zamolxes: Bogdan Lucaciu <bogdan@wiz.ro>
532 Copyright (c) 2005 - 2011 the DBIx::Class L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
537 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms