9 use DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies;
11 use vars qw($VERSION);
12 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Componentised Class::Accessor::Grouped/;
13 use DBIx::Class::StartupCheck;
16 shift->mk_classaccessor(@_);
19 sub mk_classaccessor {
21 $self->mk_group_accessors('inherited', $_[0]);
22 $self->set_inherited(@_) if @_ > 1;
25 sub component_base_class { 'DBIx::Class' }
27 # Always remember to do all digits for the version even if they're 0
28 # i.e. first release of 0.XX *must* be 0.XX000. This avoids fBSD ports
29 # brain damage and presumably various other packaging systems too
32 $VERSION = eval $VERSION if $VERSION =~ /_/; # numify for warning-free dev releases
34 sub MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES {
35 my ($class,$code,@attrs) = @_;
36 $class->mk_classdata('__attr_cache' => {})
37 unless $class->can('__attr_cache');
38 $class->__attr_cache->{$code} = [@attrs];
44 my $cache = $self->can('__attr_cache') ? $self->__attr_cache : {};
48 %{ $self->maybe::next::method || {} },
56 DBIx::Class - Extensible and flexible object <-> relational mapper.
58 =head1 GETTING HELP/SUPPORT
60 The community can be found via:
64 =item * Web Site: L<http://www.dbix-class.org/>
66 =item * IRC: irc.perl.org#dbix-class
69 <a href="http://chat.mibbit.com/#dbix-class@irc.perl.org">(click for instant chatroom login)</a>
71 =item * Mailing list: L<http://lists.scsys.co.uk/mailman/listinfo/dbix-class>
73 =item * RT Bug Tracker: L<https://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Queue=DBIx-Class>
75 =item * gitweb: L<http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=dbsrgits/DBIx-Class.git>
77 =item * git: L<git://git.shadowcat.co.uk/dbsrgits/DBIx-Class.git>
79 =item * twitter L<http://www.twitter.com/dbix_class>
85 Create a schema class called MyDB/Schema.pm:
88 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
90 __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces();
94 Create a result class to represent artists, who have many CDs, in
95 MyDB/Schema/Result/Artist.pm:
97 See L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> for docs on defining result classes.
99 package MyDB::Schema::Result::Artist;
100 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Core/;
102 __PACKAGE__->table('artist');
103 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ artistid name /);
104 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('artistid');
105 __PACKAGE__->has_many(cds => 'MyDB::Schema::Result::CD');
109 A result class to represent a CD, which belongs to an artist, in
110 MyDB/Schema/Result/CD.pm:
112 package MyDB::Schema::Result::CD;
113 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Core/;
115 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/InflateColumn::DateTime/);
116 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
117 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ cdid artistid title year /);
118 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('cdid');
119 __PACKAGE__->belongs_to(artist => 'MyDB::Schema::Result::Artist', 'artistid');
123 Then you can use these classes in your application's code:
125 # Connect to your database.
127 my $schema = MyDB::Schema->connect($dbi_dsn, $user, $pass, \%dbi_params);
129 # Query for all artists and put them in an array,
130 # or retrieve them as a result set object.
131 # $schema->resultset returns a DBIx::Class::ResultSet
132 my @all_artists = $schema->resultset('Artist')->all;
133 my $all_artists_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist');
135 # Output all artists names
136 # $artist here is a DBIx::Class::Row, which has accessors
137 # for all its columns. Rows are also subclasses of your Result class.
138 foreach $artist (@all_artists) {
139 print $artist->name, "\n";
142 # Create a result set to search for artists.
143 # This does not query the DB.
144 my $johns_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist')->search(
145 # Build your WHERE using an SQL::Abstract structure:
146 { name => { like => 'John%' } }
149 # Execute a joined query to get the cds.
150 my @all_john_cds = $johns_rs->search_related('cds')->all;
152 # Fetch the next available row.
153 my $first_john = $johns_rs->next;
155 # Specify ORDER BY on the query.
156 my $first_john_cds_by_title_rs = $first_john->cds(
158 { order_by => 'title' }
161 # Create a result set that will fetch the artist data
162 # at the same time as it fetches CDs, using only one query.
163 my $millennium_cds_rs = $schema->resultset('CD')->search(
165 { prefetch => 'artist' }
168 my $cd = $millennium_cds_rs->next; # SELECT ... FROM cds JOIN artists ...
169 my $cd_artist_name = $cd->artist->name; # Already has the data so no 2nd query
171 # new() makes a DBIx::Class::Row object but doesnt insert it into the DB.
172 # create() is the same as new() then insert().
173 my $new_cd = $schema->resultset('CD')->new({ title => 'Spoon' });
174 $new_cd->artist($cd->artist);
175 $new_cd->insert; # Auto-increment primary key filled in after INSERT
176 $new_cd->title('Fork');
178 $schema->txn_do(sub { $new_cd->update }); # Runs the update in a transaction
180 # change the year of all the millennium CDs at once
181 $millennium_cds_rs->update({ year => 2002 });
185 This is an SQL to OO mapper with an object API inspired by L<Class::DBI>
186 (with a compatibility layer as a springboard for porting) and a resultset API
187 that allows abstract encapsulation of database operations. It aims to make
188 representing queries in your code as perl-ish as possible while still
189 providing access to as many of the capabilities of the database as possible,
190 including retrieving related records from multiple tables in a single query,
191 JOIN, LEFT JOIN, COUNT, DISTINCT, GROUP BY, ORDER BY and HAVING support.
193 DBIx::Class can handle multi-column primary and foreign keys, complex
194 queries and database-level paging, and does its best to only query the
195 database in order to return something you've directly asked for. If a
196 resultset is used as an iterator it only fetches rows off the statement
197 handle as requested in order to minimise memory usage. It has auto-increment
198 support for SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server and DB2 and is
199 known to be used in production on at least the first four, and is fork-
200 and thread-safe out of the box (although
201 L<your DBD may not be|DBI/Threads_and_Thread_Safety>).
203 This project is still under rapid development, so large new features may be
204 marked EXPERIMENTAL - such APIs are still usable but may have edge bugs.
205 Failing test cases are *always* welcome and point releases are put out rapidly
206 as bugs are found and fixed.
208 We do our best to maintain full backwards compatibility for published
209 APIs, since DBIx::Class is used in production in many organisations,
210 and even backwards incompatible changes to non-published APIs will be fixed
211 if they're reported and doing so doesn't cost the codebase anything.
213 The test suite is quite substantial, and several developer releases
214 are generally made to CPAN before the branch for the next release is
215 merged back to trunk for a major release.
217 =head1 WHERE TO GO NEXT
219 L<DBIx::Class::Manual::DocMap> lists each task you might want help on, and
220 the modules where you will find documentation.
224 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
226 (I mostly consider myself "project founder" these days but the AUTHOR heading
231 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
233 aherzog: Adam Herzog <adam@herzogdesigns.com>
235 Alexander Keusch <cpan@keusch.at>
237 alnewkirk: Al Newkirk <we@ana.im>
239 amiri: Amiri Barksdale <amiri@metalabel.com>
241 amoore: Andrew Moore <amoore@cpan.org>
243 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
247 arc: Aaron Crane <arc@cpan.org>
249 arcanez: Justin Hunter <justin.d.hunter@gmail.com>
251 ash: Ash Berlin <ash@cpan.org>
253 bert: Norbert Csongradi <bert@cpan.org>
255 blblack: Brandon L. Black <blblack@gmail.com>
257 bluefeet: Aran Deltac <bluefeet@cpan.org>
259 bphillips: Brian Phillips <bphillips@cpan.org>
261 boghead: Bryan Beeley <cpan@beeley.org>
263 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
265 brunov: Bruno Vecchi <vecchi.b@gmail.com>
267 caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@cpan.org>
269 castaway: Jess Robinson
271 claco: Christopher H. Laco
275 da5id: David Jack Olrik <djo@cpan.org>
277 debolaz: Anders Nor Berle <berle@cpan.org>
279 dew: Dan Thomas <dan@godders.org>
281 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
283 dnm: Justin Wheeler <jwheeler@datademons.com>
285 dpetrov: Dimitar Petrov <mitakaa@gmail.com>
287 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
289 dyfrgi: Michael Leuchtenburg <michael@slashhome.org>
291 freetime: Bill Moseley <moseley@hank.org>
293 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
295 goraxe: Gordon Irving <goraxe@cpan.org>
297 gphat: Cory G Watson <gphat@cpan.org>
299 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@cpan.org>
301 Haarg: Graham Knop <haarg@haarg.org>
303 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>
305 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari MannsE<aring>ker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
307 initself: Mike Baas <mike@initselftech.com>
309 jasonmay: Jason May <jason.a.may@gmail.com>
313 jgoulah: John Goulah <jgoulah@cpan.org>
315 jguenther: Justin Guenther <jguenther@cpan.org>
317 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
319 jnapiorkowski: John Napiorkowski <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
321 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
323 jshirley: J. Shirley <jshirley@gmail.com>
325 kaare: Kaare Rasmussen
327 konobi: Scott McWhirter
329 lukes: Luke Saunders <luke.saunders@gmail.com>
331 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
333 mattlaw: Matt Lawrence
335 michaelr: Michael Reddick <michael.reddick@gmail.com>
337 ned: Neil de Carteret
339 nigel: Nigel Metheringham <nigelm@cpan.org>
341 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
343 Nniuq: Ron "Quinn" Straight" <quinnfazigu@gmail.org>
345 norbi: Norbert Buchmuller <norbi@nix.hu>
347 nuba: Nuba Princigalli <nuba@cpan.org>
349 Numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
351 ovid: Curtis "Ovid" Poe <ovid@cpan.org>
353 oyse: Øystein Torget <oystein.torget@dnv.com>
355 paulm: Paul Makepeace
357 penguin: K J Cheetham
359 perigrin: Chris Prather <chris@prather.org>
361 peter: Peter Collingbourne <peter@pcc.me.uk>
363 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
365 plu: Johannes Plunien <plu@cpan.org>
367 Possum: Daniel LeWarne <possum@cpan.org>
369 quicksilver: Jules Bean
371 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
373 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich <perl@rb.ly>
375 rbo: Robert Bohne <rbo@cpan.org>
377 rbuels: Robert Buels <rmb32@cornell.edu>
379 rdj: Ryan D Johnson <ryan@innerfence.com>
381 ribasushi: Peter Rabbitson <ribasushi@cpan.org>
383 rjbs: Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
385 robkinyon: Rob Kinyon <rkinyon@cpan.org>
387 Roman: Roman Filippov <romanf@cpan.org>
389 Sadrak: Felix Antonius Wilhelm Ostmann <sadrak@cpan.org>
391 sc_: Just Another Perl Hacker
393 scotty: Scotty Allen <scotty@scottyallen.com>
395 semifor: Marc Mims <marc@questright.com>
397 solomon: Jared Johnson <jaredj@nmgi.com>
399 spb: Stephen Bennett <stephen@freenode.net>
401 Squeeks <squeek@cpan.org>
403 sszabo: Stephan Szabo <sszabo@bigpanda.com>
405 talexb: Alex Beamish <talexb@gmail.com>
407 teejay : Aaron Trevena <teejay@cpan.org>
413 tonvoon: Ton Voon <tonvoon@cpan.org>
415 triode: Pete Gamache <gamache@cpan.org>
417 typester: Daisuke Murase <typester@cpan.org>
419 victori: Victor Igumnov <victori@cpan.org>
423 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
425 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
427 yrlnry: Mark Jason Dominus <mjd@plover.com>
429 zamolxes: Bogdan Lucaciu <bogdan@wiz.ro>
433 Copyright (c) 2005 - 2010 the DBIx::Class L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
438 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms