9 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Componentised Class::Accessor::Grouped/;
10 use DBIx::Class::StartupCheck;
13 shift->mk_classaccessor(@_);
16 sub mk_classaccessor {
18 $self->mk_group_accessors('inherited', $_[0]);
19 $self->set_inherited(@_) if @_ > 1;
22 sub component_base_class { 'DBIx::Class' }
24 # Always remember to do all digits for the version even if they're 0
25 # i.e. first release of 0.XX *must* be 0.XX000. This avoids fBSD ports
26 # brain damage and presumably various other packaging systems too
30 $VERSION = eval $VERSION; # numify for warning-free dev releases
32 # what version of sqlt do we require if deploy() without a ddl_dir is invoked
33 # when changing also adjust $sqlt_recommends in Makefile.PL
34 my $minimum_sqlt_version = '0.11002';
36 sub MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES {
37 my ($class,$code,@attrs) = @_;
38 $class->mk_classdata('__attr_cache' => {})
39 unless $class->can('__attr_cache');
40 $class->__attr_cache->{$code} = [@attrs];
46 my $cache = $self->can('__attr_cache') ? $self->__attr_cache : {};
47 my $rest = eval { $self->next::method };
48 return $@ ? $cache : { %$cache, %$rest };
51 # SQLT version handling
53 my $_sqlt_version_ok; # private
54 my $_sqlt_version_error; # private
56 sub _sqlt_version_ok {
57 if (!defined $_sqlt_version_ok) {
58 eval "use SQL::Translator $minimum_sqlt_version";
60 $_sqlt_version_ok = 0;
61 $_sqlt_version_error = $@;
64 $_sqlt_version_ok = 1;
67 return $_sqlt_version_ok;
70 sub _sqlt_version_error {
71 shift->_sqlt_version_ok unless defined $_sqlt_version_ok;
72 return $_sqlt_version_error;
75 sub _sqlt_minimum_version { $minimum_sqlt_version };
83 DBIx::Class - Extensible and flexible object <-> relational mapper.
85 =head1 GETTING HELP/SUPPORT
87 The community can be found via:
89 Mailing list: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/mailman/listinfo/dbix-class/
91 SVN: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/bast/DBIx-Class/
93 SVNWeb: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/svnweb/bast/browse/DBIx-Class/
95 IRC: irc.perl.org#dbix-class
99 Create a schema class called MyDB/Schema.pm:
101 package MyDB::Schema;
102 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
104 __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces();
108 Create a result class to represent artists, who have many CDs, in
109 MyDB/Schema/Result/Artist.pm:
111 See L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> for docs on defining result classes.
113 package MyDB::Schema::Result::Artist;
114 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
116 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/Core/);
117 __PACKAGE__->table('artist');
118 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ artistid name /);
119 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('artistid');
120 __PACKAGE__->has_many(cds => 'MyDB::Schema::Result::CD');
124 A result class to represent a CD, which belongs to an artist, in
125 MyDB/Schema/Result/CD.pm:
127 package MyDB::Schema::Result::CD;
128 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
130 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/Core/);
131 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
132 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ cdid artistid title year /);
133 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('cdid');
134 __PACKAGE__->belongs_to(artist => 'MyDB::Schema::Artist', 'artistid');
138 Then you can use these classes in your application's code:
140 # Connect to your database.
142 my $schema = MyDB::Schema->connect($dbi_dsn, $user, $pass, \%dbi_params);
144 # Query for all artists and put them in an array,
145 # or retrieve them as a result set object.
146 # $schema->resultset returns a DBIx::Class::ResultSet
147 my @all_artists = $schema->resultset('Artist')->all;
148 my $all_artists_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist');
150 # Output all artists names
151 # $artist here is a DBIx::Class::Row, which has accessors
152 # for all its columns. Rows are also subclasses of your Result class.
153 foreach $artist (@artists) {
154 print $artist->name, "\n";
157 # Create a result set to search for artists.
158 # This does not query the DB.
159 my $johns_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist')->search(
160 # Build your WHERE using an SQL::Abstract structure:
161 { name => { like => 'John%' } }
164 # Execute a joined query to get the cds.
165 my @all_john_cds = $johns_rs->search_related('cds')->all;
167 # Fetch the next available row.
168 my $first_john = $johns_rs->next;
170 # Specify ORDER BY on the query.
171 my $first_john_cds_by_title_rs = $first_john->cds(
173 { order_by => 'title' }
176 # Create a result set that will fetch the artist data
177 # at the same time as it fetches CDs, using only one query.
178 my $millennium_cds_rs = $schema->resultset('CD')->search(
180 { prefetch => 'artist' }
183 my $cd = $millennium_cds_rs->next; # SELECT ... FROM cds JOIN artists ...
184 my $cd_artist_name = $cd->artist->name; # Already has the data so no 2nd query
186 # new() makes a DBIx::Class::Row object but doesnt insert it into the DB.
187 # create() is the same as new() then insert().
188 my $new_cd = $schema->resultset('CD')->new({ title => 'Spoon' });
189 $new_cd->artist($cd->artist);
190 $new_cd->insert; # Auto-increment primary key filled in after INSERT
191 $new_cd->title('Fork');
193 $schema->txn_do(sub { $new_cd->update }); # Runs the update in a transaction
195 # change the year of all the millennium CDs at once
196 $millennium_cds_rs->update({ year => 2002 });
200 This is an SQL to OO mapper with an object API inspired by L<Class::DBI>
201 (with a compatibility layer as a springboard for porting) and a resultset API
202 that allows abstract encapsulation of database operations. It aims to make
203 representing queries in your code as perl-ish as possible while still
204 providing access to as many of the capabilities of the database as possible,
205 including retrieving related records from multiple tables in a single query,
206 JOIN, LEFT JOIN, COUNT, DISTINCT, GROUP BY, ORDER BY and HAVING support.
208 DBIx::Class can handle multi-column primary and foreign keys, complex
209 queries and database-level paging, and does its best to only query the
210 database in order to return something you've directly asked for. If a
211 resultset is used as an iterator it only fetches rows off the statement
212 handle as requested in order to minimise memory usage. It has auto-increment
213 support for SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server and DB2 and is
214 known to be used in production on at least the first four, and is fork-
215 and thread-safe out of the box (although your DBD may not be).
217 This project is still under rapid development, so large new features may be
218 marked EXPERIMENTAL - such APIs are still usable but may have edge bugs.
219 Failing test cases are *always* welcome and point releases are put out rapidly
220 as bugs are found and fixed.
222 We do our best to maintain full backwards compatibility for published
223 APIs, since DBIx::Class is used in production in many organisations,
224 and even backwards incompatible changes to non-published APIs will be fixed
225 if they're reported and doing so doesn't cost the codebase anything.
227 The test suite is quite substantial, and several developer releases
228 are generally made to CPAN before the branch for the next release is
229 merged back to trunk for a major release.
231 =head1 WHERE TO GO NEXT
233 L<DBIx::Class::Manual::DocMap> lists each task you might want help on, and
234 the modules where you will find documentation.
238 Copyright (c) 2005 - 2009 the DBIx::Class L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
243 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
245 (I mostly consider myself "project founder" these days but the AUTHOR heading
250 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <alex_hartmaier@hotmail.com>
252 aherzog: Adam Herzog <adam@herzogdesigns.com>
254 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
258 arcanez: Justin Hunter <justin.d.hunter@gmail.com>
260 ash: Ash Berlin <ash@cpan.org>
262 bert: Norbert Csongradi <bert@cpan.org>
264 blblack: Brandon L. Black <blblack@gmail.com>
266 bluefeet: Aran Deltac <bluefeet@cpan.org>
268 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
270 caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@cpan.org>
272 castaway: Jess Robinson
274 claco: Christopher H. Laco
278 da5id: David Jack Olrik <djo@cpan.org>
280 debolaz: Anders Nor Berle <berle@cpan.org>
282 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
284 dnm: Justin Wheeler <jwheeler@datademons.com>
286 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
288 dyfrgi: Michael Leuchtenburg <michael@slashhome.org>
290 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
292 gphat: Cory G Watson <gphat@cpan.org>
294 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@cpan.org>
296 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari MannsE<aring>ker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
298 jasonmay: Jason May <jason.a.may@gmail.com>
302 jgoulah: John Goulah <jgoulah@cpan.org>
304 jguenther: Justin Guenther <jguenther@cpan.org>
306 jnapiorkowski: John Napiorkowski <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
308 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
310 jshirley: J. Shirley <jshirley@gmail.com>
312 konobi: Scott McWhirter
314 lukes: Luke Saunders <luke.saunders@gmail.com>
316 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
318 mattlaw: Matt Lawrence
320 michaelr: Michael Reddick <michael.reddick@gmail.com>
322 ned: Neil de Carteret
324 nigel: Nigel Metheringham <nigelm@cpan.org>
326 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
328 Nniuq: Ron "Quinn" Straight" <quinnfazigu@gmail.org>
330 norbi: Norbert Buchmuller <norbi@nix.hu>
332 Numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
334 oyse: Øystein Torget <oystein.torget@dnv.com>
336 paulm: Paul Makepeace
338 penguin: K J Cheetham
340 perigrin: Chris Prather <chris@prather.org>
342 peter: Peter Collingbourne <peter@pcc.me.uk>
344 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
346 plu: Johannes Plunien <plu@cpan.org>
348 quicksilver: Jules Bean
350 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
352 rbuels: Robert Buels <rmb32@cornell.edu>
354 rdj: Ryan D Johnson <ryan@innerfence.com>
356 ribasushi: Peter Rabbitson <rabbit+dbic@rabbit.us>
358 rjbs: Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
360 robkinyon: Rob Kinyon <rkinyon@cpan.org>
362 sc_: Just Another Perl Hacker
364 scotty: Scotty Allen <scotty@scottyallen.com>
366 semifor: Marc Mims <marc@questright.com>
368 solomon: Jared Johnson <jaredj@nmgi.com>
370 spb: Stephen Bennett <stephen@freenode.net>
372 sszabo: Stephan Szabo <sszabo@bigpanda.com>
374 teejay : Aaron Trevena <teejay@cpan.org>
380 typester: Daisuke Murase <typester@cpan.org>
382 victori: Victor Igumnov <victori@cpan.org>
386 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
388 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
390 zamolxes: Bogdan Lucaciu <bogdan@wiz.ro>
394 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms