7 # Always remember to do all digits for the version even if they're 0
8 # i.e. first release of 0.XX *must* be 0.XX000. This avoids fBSD ports
9 # brain damage and presumably various other packaging systems too
11 # $VERSION declaration must stay up here, ahead of any other package
12 # declarations, as to not confuse various modules attempting to determine
13 # this ones version, whether that be s.c.o. or Module::Metadata, etc
14 $VERSION = '0.082700_06';
16 $VERSION = eval $VERSION if $VERSION =~ /_/; # numify for warning-free dev releases
18 use DBIx::Class::_Util;
21 use DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies;
23 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Componentised DBIx::Class::AccessorGroup/;
24 use DBIx::Class::StartupCheck;
25 use DBIx::Class::Exception;
27 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors(inherited => '_skip_namespace_frames');
28 __PACKAGE__->_skip_namespace_frames('^DBIx::Class|^SQL::Abstract|^Try::Tiny|^Class::Accessor::Grouped|^Context::Preserve');
31 shift->mk_classaccessor(@_);
34 sub mk_classaccessor {
36 $self->mk_group_accessors('inherited', $_[0]);
37 $self->set_inherited(@_) if @_ > 1;
40 sub component_base_class { 'DBIx::Class' }
42 sub MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES {
43 my ($class,$code,@attrs) = @_;
44 $class->mk_classdata('__attr_cache' => {})
45 unless $class->can('__attr_cache');
46 $class->__attr_cache->{$code} = [@attrs];
52 my $cache = $self->can('__attr_cache') ? $self->__attr_cache : {};
56 %{ $self->maybe::next::method || {} },
66 DBIx::Class - Extensible and flexible object <-> relational mapper.
68 =head1 WHERE TO START READING
70 See L<DBIx::Class::Manual::DocMap> for an overview of the exhaustive documentation.
71 To get the most out of DBIx::Class with the least confusion it is strongly
72 recommended to read (at the very least) the
73 L<Manuals|DBIx::Class::Manual::DocMap/Manuals> in the order presented there.
77 # *DO NOT* change this heading - it is linked throughout the ecosystem
79 sub DBIx::Class::_ENV_::HELP_URL () {
80 'http://p3rl.org/DBIx::Class#GETTING_HELP/SUPPORT'
83 =head1 GETTING HELP/SUPPORT
85 Due to the sheer size of its problem domain, DBIx::Class is a relatively
86 complex framework. After you start using DBIx::Class questions will inevitably
87 arise. If you are stuck with a problem or have doubts about a particular
88 approach do not hesitate to contact us via any of the following options (the
89 list is sorted by "fastest response time"):
93 =item * IRC: irc.perl.org#dbix-class
96 <a href="https://chat.mibbit.com/#dbix-class@irc.perl.org">(click for instant chatroom login)</a>
98 =item * Mailing list: L<http://lists.scsys.co.uk/mailman/listinfo/dbix-class>
100 =item * RT Bug Tracker: L<https://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=DBIx-Class>
102 =item * Twitter: L<https://www.twitter.com/dbix_class>
104 =item * Web Site: L<http://www.dbix-class.org/>
110 For the very impatient: L<DBIx::Class::Manual::QuickStart>
112 This code in the next step can be generated automatically from an existing
113 database, see L<dbicdump> from the distribution C<DBIx-Class-Schema-Loader>.
115 =head2 Schema classes preparation
117 Create a schema class called F<MyApp/Schema.pm>:
119 package MyApp::Schema;
120 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
122 __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces();
126 Create a result class to represent artists, who have many CDs, in
127 F<MyApp/Schema/Result/Artist.pm>:
129 See L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> for docs on defining result classes.
131 package MyApp::Schema::Result::Artist;
132 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Core/;
134 __PACKAGE__->table('artist');
135 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ artistid name /);
136 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('artistid');
137 __PACKAGE__->has_many(cds => 'MyApp::Schema::Result::CD', 'artistid');
141 A result class to represent a CD, which belongs to an artist, in
142 F<MyApp/Schema/Result/CD.pm>:
144 package MyApp::Schema::Result::CD;
145 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Core/;
147 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/InflateColumn::DateTime/);
148 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
149 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ cdid artistid title year /);
150 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('cdid');
151 __PACKAGE__->belongs_to(artist => 'MyApp::Schema::Result::Artist', 'artistid');
157 Then you can use these classes in your application's code:
159 # Connect to your database.
161 my $schema = MyApp::Schema->connect($dbi_dsn, $user, $pass, \%dbi_params);
163 # Query for all artists and put them in an array,
164 # or retrieve them as a result set object.
165 # $schema->resultset returns a DBIx::Class::ResultSet
166 my @all_artists = $schema->resultset('Artist')->all;
167 my $all_artists_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist');
169 # Output all artists names
170 # $artist here is a DBIx::Class::Row, which has accessors
171 # for all its columns. Rows are also subclasses of your Result class.
172 foreach $artist (@all_artists) {
173 print $artist->name, "\n";
176 # Create a result set to search for artists.
177 # This does not query the DB.
178 my $johns_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist')->search(
179 # Build your WHERE using an SQL::Abstract structure:
180 { name => { like => 'John%' } }
183 # Execute a joined query to get the cds.
184 my @all_john_cds = $johns_rs->search_related('cds')->all;
186 # Fetch the next available row.
187 my $first_john = $johns_rs->next;
189 # Specify ORDER BY on the query.
190 my $first_john_cds_by_title_rs = $first_john->cds(
192 { order_by => 'title' }
195 # Create a result set that will fetch the artist data
196 # at the same time as it fetches CDs, using only one query.
197 my $millennium_cds_rs = $schema->resultset('CD')->search(
199 { prefetch => 'artist' }
202 my $cd = $millennium_cds_rs->next; # SELECT ... FROM cds JOIN artists ...
203 my $cd_artist_name = $cd->artist->name; # Already has the data so no 2nd query
205 # new() makes a Result object but doesnt insert it into the DB.
206 # create() is the same as new() then insert().
207 my $new_cd = $schema->resultset('CD')->new({ title => 'Spoon' });
208 $new_cd->artist($cd->artist);
209 $new_cd->insert; # Auto-increment primary key filled in after INSERT
210 $new_cd->title('Fork');
212 $schema->txn_do(sub { $new_cd->update }); # Runs the update in a transaction
214 # change the year of all the millennium CDs at once
215 $millennium_cds_rs->update({ year => 2002 });
219 This is an SQL to OO mapper with an object API inspired by L<Class::DBI>
220 (with a compatibility layer as a springboard for porting) and a resultset API
221 that allows abstract encapsulation of database operations. It aims to make
222 representing queries in your code as perl-ish as possible while still
223 providing access to as many of the capabilities of the database as possible,
224 including retrieving related records from multiple tables in a single query,
225 C<JOIN>, C<LEFT JOIN>, C<COUNT>, C<DISTINCT>, C<GROUP BY>, C<ORDER BY> and
228 DBIx::Class can handle multi-column primary and foreign keys, complex
229 queries and database-level paging, and does its best to only query the
230 database in order to return something you've directly asked for. If a
231 resultset is used as an iterator it only fetches rows off the statement
232 handle as requested in order to minimise memory usage. It has auto-increment
233 support for SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server and DB2 and is
234 known to be used in production on at least the first four, and is fork-
235 and thread-safe out of the box (although
236 L<your DBD may not be|DBI/Threads and Thread Safety>).
238 This project is still under rapid development, so large new features may be
239 marked B<experimental> - such APIs are still usable but may have edge bugs.
240 Failing test cases are I<always> welcome and point releases are put out rapidly
241 as bugs are found and fixed.
243 We do our best to maintain full backwards compatibility for published
244 APIs, since DBIx::Class is used in production in many organisations,
245 and even backwards incompatible changes to non-published APIs will be fixed
246 if they're reported and doing so doesn't cost the codebase anything.
248 The test suite is quite substantial, and several developer releases
249 are generally made to CPAN before the branch for the next release is
250 merged back to trunk for a major release.
252 =head1 HOW TO CONTRIBUTE
254 Contributions are always welcome, in all usable forms (we especially
255 welcome documentation improvements). The delivery methods include git-
256 or unified-diff formatted patches, GitHub pull requests, or plain bug
257 reports either via RT or the Mailing list. Contributors are generally
258 granted full access to the official repository after their first patch
259 passes successful review.
262 FIXME: Getty, frew and jnap need to get off their asses and finish the contrib section so we can link it here ;)
264 This project is maintained in a git repository. The code and related tools are
265 accessible at the following locations:
269 =item * Official repo: L<git://git.shadowcat.co.uk/dbsrgits/DBIx-Class.git>
271 =item * Official gitweb: L<http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=dbsrgits/DBIx-Class.git>
273 =item * GitHub mirror: L<https://github.com/dbsrgits/DBIx-Class>
275 =item * Authorized committers: L<ssh://dbsrgits@git.shadowcat.co.uk/DBIx-Class.git>
277 =item * Travis-CI log: L<https://travis-ci.org/dbsrgits/dbix-class/builds>
280 ↪ Stable branch CI status: <img src="https://secure.travis-ci.org/dbsrgits/dbix-class.png?branch=master"></img>
286 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
288 (I mostly consider myself "project founder" these days but the AUTHOR heading
293 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
295 acca: Alexander Kuznetsov <acca@cpan.org>
297 aherzog: Adam Herzog <adam@herzogdesigns.com>
299 Alexander Keusch <cpan@keusch.at>
301 alexrj: Alessandro Ranellucci <aar@cpan.org>
303 alnewkirk: Al Newkirk <we@ana.im>
305 amiri: Amiri Barksdale <amiri@metalabel.com>
307 amoore: Andrew Moore <amoore@cpan.org>
309 Andrew Mehta <Andrew@unitedgames.co.uk>
311 andrewalker: Andre Walker <andre@andrewalker.net>
313 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
317 arc: Aaron Crane <arc@cpan.org>
319 arcanez: Justin Hunter <justin.d.hunter@gmail.com>
321 ash: Ash Berlin <ash@cpan.org>
323 bert: Norbert Csongrádi <bert@cpan.org>
325 bfwg: Colin Newell <colin.newell@gmail.com>
327 blblack: Brandon L. Black <blblack@gmail.com>
329 bluefeet: Aran Deltac <bluefeet@cpan.org>
331 bphillips: Brian Phillips <bphillips@cpan.org>
333 boghead: Bryan Beeley <cpan@beeley.org>
335 brd: Brad Davis <brd@FreeBSD.org>
337 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
339 brunov: Bruno Vecchi <vecchi.b@gmail.com>
341 caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@cpan.org>
343 caldrin: Maik Hentsche <maik.hentsche@amd.com>
345 castaway: Jess Robinson
347 claco: Christopher H. Laco
351 Ctrl-o L<http://ctrlo.com/>
353 da5id: David Jack Olrik <djo@cpan.org>
355 dariusj: Darius Jokilehto <dariusjokilehto@yahoo.co.uk>
357 davewood: David Schmidt <davewood@gmx.at>
359 daxim: Lars Dɪᴇᴄᴋᴏᴡ 迪拉斯 <daxim@cpan.org>
361 debolaz: Anders Nor Berle <berle@cpan.org>
363 dew: Dan Thomas <dan@godders.org>
365 dim0xff: Dmitry Latin <dim0xff@gmail.com>
367 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
369 dnm: Justin Wheeler <jwheeler@datademons.com>
371 dpetrov: Dimitar Petrov <mitakaa@gmail.com>
373 duncan_dmg: Duncan Garland <Duncan.Garland@motortrak.com>
375 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
377 dyfrgi: Michael Leuchtenburg <michael@slashhome.org>
379 edenc: Eden Cardim <edencardim@gmail.com>
381 Eligo L<http://eligo.co.uk/>
383 ether: Karen Etheridge <ether@cpan.org>
385 felliott: Fitz Elliott <fitz.elliott@gmail.com>
387 freetime: Bill Moseley <moseley@hank.org>
389 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
391 goraxe: Gordon Irving <goraxe@cpan.org>
393 gphat: Cory G Watson <gphat@cpan.org>
395 Grant Street Group L<http://www.grantstreet.com/>
397 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@cpan.org>
399 guacamole: Fred Steinberg <fred.steinberg@gmail.com>
401 Haarg: Graham Knop <haarg@haarg.org>
403 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>
405 idn: Ian Norton <i.norton@shadowcat.co.uk>
407 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari MannsE<aring>ker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
409 initself: Mike Baas <mike@initselftech.com>
411 ironcamel: Naveed Massjouni <naveedm9@gmail.com>
413 jawnsy: Jonathan Yu <jawnsy@cpan.org>
415 jasonmay: Jason May <jason.a.may@gmail.com>
417 jegade: Jens Gassmann <jens.gassmann@atomix.de>
419 jeneric: Eric A. Miller <emiller@cpan.org>
423 jgoulah: John Goulah <jgoulah@cpan.org>
425 jguenther: Justin Guenther <jguenther@cpan.org>
427 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
429 jmac: Jason McIntosh <jmac@appleseed-sc.com>
431 jnapiorkowski: John Napiorkowski <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
433 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
435 Joe Carlson <jwcarlson@lbl.gov>
437 jshirley: J. Shirley <jshirley@gmail.com>
439 kaare: Kaare Rasmussen
441 konobi: Scott McWhirter
443 littlesavage: Alexey Illarionov <littlesavage@orionet.ru>
445 lukes: Luke Saunders <luke.saunders@gmail.com>
447 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
449 mattlaw: Matt Lawrence
451 mattp: Matt Phillips <mattp@cpan.org>
453 mdk: Mark Keating <m.keating@shadowcat.co.uk>
457 michaelr: Michael Reddick <michael.reddick@gmail.com>
459 milki: Jonathan Chu <milki@rescomp.berkeley.edu>
461 minty: Murray Walker <perl@minty.org>
463 mithaldu: Christian Walde <walde.christian@gmail.com>
465 mjemmeson: Michael Jemmeson <michael.jemmeson@gmail.com>
467 mrf: Mike Francis <ungrim97@gmail.com>
469 mstratman: Mark A. Stratman <stratman@gmail.com>
471 ned: Neil de Carteret
473 nigel: Nigel Metheringham <nigelm@cpan.org>
475 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
477 Nniuq: Ron "Quinn" Straight" <quinnfazigu@gmail.org>
479 norbi: Norbert Buchmuller <norbi@nix.hu>
481 nuba: Nuba Princigalli <nuba@cpan.org>
483 Numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
485 oalders: Olaf Alders <olaf@wundersolutions.com>
487 ovid: Curtis "Ovid" Poe <ovid@cpan.org>
489 oyse: E<Oslash>ystein Torget <oystein.torget@dnv.com>
491 paulm: Paul Makepeace
493 penguin: K J Cheetham
495 perigrin: Chris Prather <chris@prather.org>
497 peter: Peter Collingbourne <peter@pcc.me.uk>
499 Peter Siklósi <einon@einon.hu>
501 Peter Valdemar ME<oslash>rch <peter@morch.com>
503 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
505 plu: Johannes Plunien <plu@cpan.org>
507 pplu: Jose Luis Martinez <jlmartinez@capside.com>
509 Possum: Daniel LeWarne <possum@cpan.org>
511 quicksilver: Jules Bean
513 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
515 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich <perl@rb.ly>
517 Relequestual: Ben Hutton <relequestual@gmail.com>
519 rbo: Robert Bohne <rbo@cpan.org>
521 rbuels: Robert Buels <rmb32@cornell.edu>
523 rdj: Ryan D Johnson <ryan@innerfence.com>
525 ribasushi: Peter Rabbitson <ribasushi@cpan.org>
527 rjbs: Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
529 robkinyon: Rob Kinyon <rkinyon@cpan.org>
531 Robert Olson <bob@rdolson.org>
533 moltar: Roman Filippov <romanf@cpan.org>
535 Sadrak: Felix Antonius Wilhelm Ostmann <sadrak@cpan.org>
537 sc_: Just Another Perl Hacker
539 scotty: Scotty Allen <scotty@scottyallen.com>
541 semifor: Marc Mims <marc@questright.com>
543 SineSwiper: Brendan Byrd <bbyrd@cpan.org>
545 skaufman: Samuel Kaufman <sam@socialflow.com>
547 solomon: Jared Johnson <jaredj@nmgi.com>
549 spb: Stephen Bennett <stephen@freenode.net>
551 Squeeks <squeek@cpan.org>
553 sszabo: Stephan Szabo <sszabo@bigpanda.com>
555 Stephen Peters <steve@stephenpeters.me>
557 talexb: Alex Beamish <talexb@gmail.com>
559 tamias: Ronald J Kimball <rjk@tamias.net>
561 TBSliver: Tom Bloor <t.bloor@shadowcat.co.uk>
563 teejay : Aaron Trevena <teejay@cpan.org>
565 theorbtwo: James Mastros <james@mastros.biz>
571 tonvoon: Ton Voon <tonvoon@cpan.org>
573 triode: Pete Gamache <gamache@cpan.org>
575 typester: Daisuke Murase <typester@cpan.org>
577 victori: Victor Igumnov <victori@cpan.org>
581 wesm: Wes Malone <wes@mitsi.com>
583 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
585 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
587 xenoterracide: Caleb Cushing <xenoterracide@gmail.com>
589 uree: Oriol Soriano <oriol.soriano@capside.com>
591 yrlnry: Mark Jason Dominus <mjd@plover.com>
593 zamolxes: Bogdan Lucaciu <bogdan@wiz.ro>
595 Zefram: Andrew Main <zefram@fysh.org>
599 Copyright (c) 2005 - 2011 the DBIx::Class L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
604 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms