9 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Componentised Class::Accessor::Grouped/;
10 use DBIx::Class::StartupCheck;
13 shift->mk_classaccessor(@_);
16 sub mk_classaccessor {
18 $self->mk_group_accessors('inherited', $_[0]);
19 $self->set_inherited(@_) if @_ > 1;
22 sub component_base_class { 'DBIx::Class' }
24 # Always remember to do all digits for the version even if they're 0
25 # i.e. first release of 0.XX *must* be 0.XX000. This avoids fBSD ports
26 # brain damage and presumably various other packaging systems too
30 $VERSION = eval $VERSION; # numify for warning-free dev releases
32 sub MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES {
33 my ($class,$code,@attrs) = @_;
34 $class->mk_classdata('__attr_cache' => {})
35 unless $class->can('__attr_cache');
36 $class->__attr_cache->{$code} = [@attrs];
42 my $cache = $self->can('__attr_cache') ? $self->__attr_cache : {};
43 my $rest = eval { $self->next::method };
44 return $@ ? $cache : { %$cache, %$rest };
51 DBIx::Class - Extensible and flexible object <-> relational mapper.
53 =head1 GETTING HELP/SUPPORT
55 The community can be found via:
57 Mailing list: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/mailman/listinfo/dbix-class/
59 SVN: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/bast/DBIx-Class/
61 SVNWeb: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/svnweb/bast/browse/DBIx-Class/
63 IRC: irc.perl.org#dbix-class
67 Create a schema class called MyDB/Schema.pm:
70 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
72 __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces();
76 Create a result class to represent artists, who have many CDs, in
77 MyDB/Schema/Result/Artist.pm:
79 See L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> for docs on defining result classes.
81 package MyDB::Schema::Result::Artist;
82 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
84 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/Core/);
85 __PACKAGE__->table('artist');
86 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ artistid name /);
87 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('artistid');
88 __PACKAGE__->has_many(cds => 'MyDB::Schema::Result::CD');
92 A result class to represent a CD, which belongs to an artist, in
93 MyDB/Schema/Result/CD.pm:
95 package MyDB::Schema::Result::CD;
96 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
98 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/Core/);
99 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
100 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ cdid artistid title year /);
101 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('cdid');
102 __PACKAGE__->belongs_to(artist => 'MyDB::Schema::Artist', 'artistid');
106 Then you can use these classes in your application's code:
108 # Connect to your database.
110 my $schema = MyDB::Schema->connect($dbi_dsn, $user, $pass, \%dbi_params);
112 # Query for all artists and put them in an array,
113 # or retrieve them as a result set object.
114 # $schema->resultset returns a DBIx::Class::ResultSet
115 my @all_artists = $schema->resultset('Artist')->all;
116 my $all_artists_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist');
118 # Output all artists names
119 # $artist here is a DBIx::Class::Row, which has accessors
120 # for all its columns. Rows are also subclasses of your Result class.
121 foreach $artist (@artists) {
122 print $artist->name, "\n";
125 # Create a result set to search for artists.
126 # This does not query the DB.
127 my $johns_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist')->search(
128 # Build your WHERE using an SQL::Abstract structure:
129 { name => { like => 'John%' } }
132 # Execute a joined query to get the cds.
133 my @all_john_cds = $johns_rs->search_related('cds')->all;
135 # Fetch the next available row.
136 my $first_john = $johns_rs->next;
138 # Specify ORDER BY on the query.
139 my $first_john_cds_by_title_rs = $first_john->cds(
141 { order_by => 'title' }
144 # Create a result set that will fetch the artist data
145 # at the same time as it fetches CDs, using only one query.
146 my $millennium_cds_rs = $schema->resultset('CD')->search(
148 { prefetch => 'artist' }
151 my $cd = $millennium_cds_rs->next; # SELECT ... FROM cds JOIN artists ...
152 my $cd_artist_name = $cd->artist->name; # Already has the data so no 2nd query
154 # new() makes a DBIx::Class::Row object but doesnt insert it into the DB.
155 # create() is the same as new() then insert().
156 my $new_cd = $schema->resultset('CD')->new({ title => 'Spoon' });
157 $new_cd->artist($cd->artist);
158 $new_cd->insert; # Auto-increment primary key filled in after INSERT
159 $new_cd->title('Fork');
161 $schema->txn_do(sub { $new_cd->update }); # Runs the update in a transaction
163 # change the year of all the millennium CDs at once
164 $millennium_cds_rs->update({ year => 2002 });
168 This is an SQL to OO mapper with an object API inspired by L<Class::DBI>
169 (with a compatibility layer as a springboard for porting) and a resultset API
170 that allows abstract encapsulation of database operations. It aims to make
171 representing queries in your code as perl-ish as possible while still
172 providing access to as many of the capabilities of the database as possible,
173 including retrieving related records from multiple tables in a single query,
174 JOIN, LEFT JOIN, COUNT, DISTINCT, GROUP BY, ORDER BY and HAVING support.
176 DBIx::Class can handle multi-column primary and foreign keys, complex
177 queries and database-level paging, and does its best to only query the
178 database in order to return something you've directly asked for. If a
179 resultset is used as an iterator it only fetches rows off the statement
180 handle as requested in order to minimise memory usage. It has auto-increment
181 support for SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server and DB2 and is
182 known to be used in production on at least the first four, and is fork-
183 and thread-safe out of the box (although your DBD may not be).
185 This project is still under rapid development, so large new features may be
186 marked EXPERIMENTAL - such APIs are still usable but may have edge bugs.
187 Failing test cases are *always* welcome and point releases are put out rapidly
188 as bugs are found and fixed.
190 We do our best to maintain full backwards compatibility for published
191 APIs, since DBIx::Class is used in production in many organisations,
192 and even backwards incompatible changes to non-published APIs will be fixed
193 if they're reported and doing so doesn't cost the codebase anything.
195 The test suite is quite substantial, and several developer releases
196 are generally made to CPAN before the branch for the next release is
197 merged back to trunk for a major release.
199 =head1 WHERE TO GO NEXT
201 L<DBIx::Class::Manual::DocMap> lists each task you might want help on, and
202 the modules where you will find documentation.
206 Copyright (c) 2005 - 2009 the DBIx::Class L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
211 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
213 (I mostly consider myself "project founder" these days but the AUTHOR heading
218 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <alex_hartmaier@hotmail.com>
220 aherzog: Adam Herzog <adam@herzogdesigns.com>
222 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
226 arcanez: Justin Hunter <justin.d.hunter@gmail.com>
228 ash: Ash Berlin <ash@cpan.org>
230 bert: Norbert Csongradi <bert@cpan.org>
232 blblack: Brandon L. Black <blblack@gmail.com>
234 bluefeet: Aran Deltac <bluefeet@cpan.org>
236 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
238 caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@cpan.org>
240 castaway: Jess Robinson
242 claco: Christopher H. Laco
246 da5id: David Jack Olrik <djo@cpan.org>
248 debolaz: Anders Nor Berle <berle@cpan.org>
250 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
252 dnm: Justin Wheeler <jwheeler@datademons.com>
254 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
256 dyfrgi: Michael Leuchtenburg <michael@slashhome.org>
258 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
260 gphat: Cory G Watson <gphat@cpan.org>
262 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@cpan.org>
264 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari MannsE<aring>ker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
266 jasonmay: Jason May <jason.a.may@gmail.com>
270 jgoulah: John Goulah <jgoulah@cpan.org>
272 jguenther: Justin Guenther <jguenther@cpan.org>
274 jnapiorkowski: John Napiorkowski <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
276 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
278 jshirley: J. Shirley <jshirley@gmail.com>
280 konobi: Scott McWhirter
282 lukes: Luke Saunders <luke.saunders@gmail.com>
284 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
286 mattlaw: Matt Lawrence
288 michaelr: Michael Reddick <michael.reddick@gmail.com>
290 ned: Neil de Carteret
292 nigel: Nigel Metheringham <nigelm@cpan.org>
294 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
296 Nniuq: Ron "Quinn" Straight" <quinnfazigu@gmail.org>
298 norbi: Norbert Buchmuller <norbi@nix.hu>
300 Numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
302 oyse: Øystein Torget <oystein.torget@dnv.com>
304 paulm: Paul Makepeace
306 penguin: K J Cheetham
308 perigrin: Chris Prather <chris@prather.org>
310 peter: Peter Collingbourne <peter@pcc.me.uk>
312 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
314 plu: Johannes Plunien <plu@cpan.org>
316 quicksilver: Jules Bean
318 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
320 rbuels: Robert Buels <rmb32@cornell.edu>
322 rdj: Ryan D Johnson <ryan@innerfence.com>
324 ribasushi: Peter Rabbitson <rabbit+dbic@rabbit.us>
326 rjbs: Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
328 robkinyon: Rob Kinyon <rkinyon@cpan.org>
330 sc_: Just Another Perl Hacker
332 scotty: Scotty Allen <scotty@scottyallen.com>
334 semifor: Marc Mims <marc@questright.com>
336 solomon: Jared Johnson <jaredj@nmgi.com>
338 spb: Stephen Bennett <stephen@freenode.net>
340 sszabo: Stephan Szabo <sszabo@bigpanda.com>
342 teejay : Aaron Trevena <teejay@cpan.org>
348 typester: Daisuke Murase <typester@cpan.org>
350 victori: Victor Igumnov <victori@cpan.org>
354 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
356 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
358 zamolxes: Bogdan Lucaciu <bogdan@wiz.ro>
362 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms