9 use DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies;
11 use vars qw($VERSION);
12 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Componentised Class::Accessor::Grouped/;
13 use DBIx::Class::StartupCheck;
16 shift->mk_classaccessor(@_);
19 sub mk_classaccessor {
21 $self->mk_group_accessors('inherited', $_[0]);
22 $self->set_inherited(@_) if @_ > 1;
25 sub component_base_class { 'DBIx::Class' }
27 # Always remember to do all digits for the version even if they're 0
28 # i.e. first release of 0.XX *must* be 0.XX000. This avoids fBSD ports
29 # brain damage and presumably various other packaging systems too
30 $VERSION = '0.08121_01';
32 $VERSION = eval $VERSION if $VERSION =~ /_/; # numify for warning-free dev releases
34 sub MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES {
35 my ($class,$code,@attrs) = @_;
36 $class->mk_classdata('__attr_cache' => {})
37 unless $class->can('__attr_cache');
38 $class->__attr_cache->{$code} = [@attrs];
44 my $cache = $self->can('__attr_cache') ? $self->__attr_cache : {};
45 my $rest = eval { $self->next::method };
46 return $@ ? $cache : { %$cache, %$rest };
53 DBIx::Class - Extensible and flexible object <-> relational mapper.
55 =head1 GETTING HELP/SUPPORT
57 The community can be found via:
61 =item * IRC: L<irc.perl.org#dbix-class (click for instant chatroom login)
62 |http://mibbit.com/chat/#dbix-class@irc.perl.org>
64 =item * Mailing list: L<http://lists.scsys.co.uk/mailman/listinfo/dbix-class>
66 =item * RT Bug Tracker: L<https://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Queue=DBIx-Class>
68 =item * SVNWeb: L<http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/svnweb/bast/browse/DBIx-Class/0.08>
70 =item * SVN: L<http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/bast/DBIx-Class/0.08>
76 Create a schema class called MyDB/Schema.pm:
79 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
81 __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces();
85 Create a result class to represent artists, who have many CDs, in
86 MyDB/Schema/Result/Artist.pm:
88 See L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> for docs on defining result classes.
90 package MyDB::Schema::Result::Artist;
91 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Core/;
93 __PACKAGE__->table('artist');
94 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ artistid name /);
95 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('artistid');
96 __PACKAGE__->has_many(cds => 'MyDB::Schema::Result::CD');
100 A result class to represent a CD, which belongs to an artist, in
101 MyDB/Schema/Result/CD.pm:
103 package MyDB::Schema::Result::CD;
104 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Core/;
106 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/InflateColumn::DateTime/);
107 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
108 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ cdid artistid title year /);
109 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('cdid');
110 __PACKAGE__->belongs_to(artist => 'MyDB::Schema::Artist', 'artistid');
114 Then you can use these classes in your application's code:
116 # Connect to your database.
118 my $schema = MyDB::Schema->connect($dbi_dsn, $user, $pass, \%dbi_params);
120 # Query for all artists and put them in an array,
121 # or retrieve them as a result set object.
122 # $schema->resultset returns a DBIx::Class::ResultSet
123 my @all_artists = $schema->resultset('Artist')->all;
124 my $all_artists_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist');
126 # Output all artists names
127 # $artist here is a DBIx::Class::Row, which has accessors
128 # for all its columns. Rows are also subclasses of your Result class.
129 foreach $artist (@all_artists) {
130 print $artist->name, "\n";
133 # Create a result set to search for artists.
134 # This does not query the DB.
135 my $johns_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist')->search(
136 # Build your WHERE using an SQL::Abstract structure:
137 { name => { like => 'John%' } }
140 # Execute a joined query to get the cds.
141 my @all_john_cds = $johns_rs->search_related('cds')->all;
143 # Fetch the next available row.
144 my $first_john = $johns_rs->next;
146 # Specify ORDER BY on the query.
147 my $first_john_cds_by_title_rs = $first_john->cds(
149 { order_by => 'title' }
152 # Create a result set that will fetch the artist data
153 # at the same time as it fetches CDs, using only one query.
154 my $millennium_cds_rs = $schema->resultset('CD')->search(
156 { prefetch => 'artist' }
159 my $cd = $millennium_cds_rs->next; # SELECT ... FROM cds JOIN artists ...
160 my $cd_artist_name = $cd->artist->name; # Already has the data so no 2nd query
162 # new() makes a DBIx::Class::Row object but doesnt insert it into the DB.
163 # create() is the same as new() then insert().
164 my $new_cd = $schema->resultset('CD')->new({ title => 'Spoon' });
165 $new_cd->artist($cd->artist);
166 $new_cd->insert; # Auto-increment primary key filled in after INSERT
167 $new_cd->title('Fork');
169 $schema->txn_do(sub { $new_cd->update }); # Runs the update in a transaction
171 # change the year of all the millennium CDs at once
172 $millennium_cds_rs->update({ year => 2002 });
176 This is an SQL to OO mapper with an object API inspired by L<Class::DBI>
177 (with a compatibility layer as a springboard for porting) and a resultset API
178 that allows abstract encapsulation of database operations. It aims to make
179 representing queries in your code as perl-ish as possible while still
180 providing access to as many of the capabilities of the database as possible,
181 including retrieving related records from multiple tables in a single query,
182 JOIN, LEFT JOIN, COUNT, DISTINCT, GROUP BY, ORDER BY and HAVING support.
184 DBIx::Class can handle multi-column primary and foreign keys, complex
185 queries and database-level paging, and does its best to only query the
186 database in order to return something you've directly asked for. If a
187 resultset is used as an iterator it only fetches rows off the statement
188 handle as requested in order to minimise memory usage. It has auto-increment
189 support for SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server and DB2 and is
190 known to be used in production on at least the first four, and is fork-
191 and thread-safe out of the box (although your DBD may not be).
193 This project is still under rapid development, so large new features may be
194 marked EXPERIMENTAL - such APIs are still usable but may have edge bugs.
195 Failing test cases are *always* welcome and point releases are put out rapidly
196 as bugs are found and fixed.
198 We do our best to maintain full backwards compatibility for published
199 APIs, since DBIx::Class is used in production in many organisations,
200 and even backwards incompatible changes to non-published APIs will be fixed
201 if they're reported and doing so doesn't cost the codebase anything.
203 The test suite is quite substantial, and several developer releases
204 are generally made to CPAN before the branch for the next release is
205 merged back to trunk for a major release.
207 =head1 WHERE TO GO NEXT
209 L<DBIx::Class::Manual::DocMap> lists each task you might want help on, and
210 the modules where you will find documentation.
214 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
216 (I mostly consider myself "project founder" these days but the AUTHOR heading
221 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
223 aherzog: Adam Herzog <adam@herzogdesigns.com>
225 amoore: Andrew Moore <amoore@cpan.org>
227 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
231 arcanez: Justin Hunter <justin.d.hunter@gmail.com>
233 ash: Ash Berlin <ash@cpan.org>
235 bert: Norbert Csongradi <bert@cpan.org>
237 blblack: Brandon L. Black <blblack@gmail.com>
239 bluefeet: Aran Deltac <bluefeet@cpan.org>
241 boghead: Bryan Beeley <cpan@beeley.org>
243 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
245 brunov: Bruno Vecchi <vecchi.b@gmail.com>
247 caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@cpan.org>
249 castaway: Jess Robinson
251 claco: Christopher H. Laco
255 da5id: David Jack Olrik <djo@cpan.org>
257 debolaz: Anders Nor Berle <berle@cpan.org>
259 dew: Dan Thomas <dan@godders.org>
261 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
263 dnm: Justin Wheeler <jwheeler@datademons.com>
265 dpetrov: Dimitar Petrov <mitakaa@gmail.com>
267 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
269 dyfrgi: Michael Leuchtenburg <michael@slashhome.org>
271 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
273 goraxe: Gordon Irving <goraxe@cpan.org>
275 gphat: Cory G Watson <gphat@cpan.org>
277 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@cpan.org>
279 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>
281 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari MannsE<aring>ker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
283 jasonmay: Jason May <jason.a.may@gmail.com>
287 jgoulah: John Goulah <jgoulah@cpan.org>
289 jguenther: Justin Guenther <jguenther@cpan.org>
291 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
293 jnapiorkowski: John Napiorkowski <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
295 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
297 jshirley: J. Shirley <jshirley@gmail.com>
299 konobi: Scott McWhirter
301 lukes: Luke Saunders <luke.saunders@gmail.com>
303 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
305 mattlaw: Matt Lawrence
307 michaelr: Michael Reddick <michael.reddick@gmail.com>
309 ned: Neil de Carteret
311 nigel: Nigel Metheringham <nigelm@cpan.org>
313 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
315 Nniuq: Ron "Quinn" Straight" <quinnfazigu@gmail.org>
317 norbi: Norbert Buchmuller <norbi@nix.hu>
319 nuba: Nuba Princigalli <nuba@cpan.org>
321 Numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
323 ovid: Curtis "Ovid" Poe <ovid@cpan.org>
325 oyse: Øystein Torget <oystein.torget@dnv.com>
327 paulm: Paul Makepeace
329 penguin: K J Cheetham
331 perigrin: Chris Prather <chris@prather.org>
333 peter: Peter Collingbourne <peter@pcc.me.uk>
335 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
337 plu: Johannes Plunien <plu@cpan.org>
339 quicksilver: Jules Bean
341 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
343 rbuels: Robert Buels <rmb32@cornell.edu>
345 rdj: Ryan D Johnson <ryan@innerfence.com>
347 ribasushi: Peter Rabbitson <ribasushi@cpan.org>
349 rjbs: Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
351 robkinyon: Rob Kinyon <rkinyon@cpan.org>
353 Roman: Roman Filippov <romanf@cpan.org>
355 sc_: Just Another Perl Hacker
357 scotty: Scotty Allen <scotty@scottyallen.com>
359 semifor: Marc Mims <marc@questright.com>
361 solomon: Jared Johnson <jaredj@nmgi.com>
363 spb: Stephen Bennett <stephen@freenode.net>
365 sszabo: Stephan Szabo <sszabo@bigpanda.com>
367 teejay : Aaron Trevena <teejay@cpan.org>
373 triode: Pete Gamache <gamache@cpan.org>
375 typester: Daisuke Murase <typester@cpan.org>
377 victori: Victor Igumnov <victori@cpan.org>
381 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
383 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
385 zamolxes: Bogdan Lucaciu <bogdan@wiz.ro>
387 Possum: Daniel LeWarne <possum@cpan.org>
391 Copyright (c) 2005 - 2010 the DBIx::Class L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
396 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms