9 use DBIx::Class::Optional::Dependencies;
11 use vars qw($VERSION);
12 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Componentised Class::Accessor::Grouped/;
13 use DBIx::Class::StartupCheck;
17 shift->mk_classaccessor(@_);
20 sub mk_classaccessor {
22 $self->mk_group_accessors('inherited', $_[0]);
23 $self->set_inherited(@_) if @_ > 1;
26 sub component_base_class { 'DBIx::Class' }
28 # Always remember to do all digits for the version even if they're 0
29 # i.e. first release of 0.XX *must* be 0.XX000. This avoids fBSD ports
30 # brain damage and presumably various other packaging systems too
31 $VERSION = '0.08121_01';
33 $VERSION = eval $VERSION if $VERSION =~ /_/; # numify for warning-free dev releases
35 sub MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES {
36 my ($class,$code,@attrs) = @_;
37 $class->mk_classdata('__attr_cache' => {})
38 unless $class->can('__attr_cache');
39 $class->__attr_cache->{$code} = [@attrs];
45 my $cache = $self->can('__attr_cache') ? $self->__attr_cache : {};
49 $rest = $self->next::method;
53 return $exception ? $cache : { %$cache, %$rest };
60 DBIx::Class - Extensible and flexible object <-> relational mapper.
62 =head1 GETTING HELP/SUPPORT
64 The community can be found via:
68 =item * IRC: L<irc.perl.org#dbix-class (click for instant chatroom login)
69 |http://mibbit.com/chat/#dbix-class@irc.perl.org>
71 =item * Mailing list: L<http://lists.scsys.co.uk/mailman/listinfo/dbix-class>
73 =item * RT Bug Tracker: L<https://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Queue=DBIx-Class>
75 =item * SVNWeb: L<http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/svnweb/bast/browse/DBIx-Class/0.08>
77 =item * SVN: L<http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/bast/DBIx-Class/0.08>
83 Create a schema class called MyDB/Schema.pm:
86 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
88 __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces();
92 Create a result class to represent artists, who have many CDs, in
93 MyDB/Schema/Result/Artist.pm:
95 See L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> for docs on defining result classes.
97 package MyDB::Schema::Result::Artist;
98 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Core/;
100 __PACKAGE__->table('artist');
101 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ artistid name /);
102 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('artistid');
103 __PACKAGE__->has_many(cds => 'MyDB::Schema::Result::CD');
107 A result class to represent a CD, which belongs to an artist, in
108 MyDB/Schema/Result/CD.pm:
110 package MyDB::Schema::Result::CD;
111 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Core/;
113 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/InflateColumn::DateTime/);
114 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
115 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ cdid artistid title year /);
116 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('cdid');
117 __PACKAGE__->belongs_to(artist => 'MyDB::Schema::Artist', 'artistid');
121 Then you can use these classes in your application's code:
123 # Connect to your database.
125 my $schema = MyDB::Schema->connect($dbi_dsn, $user, $pass, \%dbi_params);
127 # Query for all artists and put them in an array,
128 # or retrieve them as a result set object.
129 # $schema->resultset returns a DBIx::Class::ResultSet
130 my @all_artists = $schema->resultset('Artist')->all;
131 my $all_artists_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist');
133 # Output all artists names
134 # $artist here is a DBIx::Class::Row, which has accessors
135 # for all its columns. Rows are also subclasses of your Result class.
136 foreach $artist (@all_artists) {
137 print $artist->name, "\n";
140 # Create a result set to search for artists.
141 # This does not query the DB.
142 my $johns_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist')->search(
143 # Build your WHERE using an SQL::Abstract structure:
144 { name => { like => 'John%' } }
147 # Execute a joined query to get the cds.
148 my @all_john_cds = $johns_rs->search_related('cds')->all;
150 # Fetch the next available row.
151 my $first_john = $johns_rs->next;
153 # Specify ORDER BY on the query.
154 my $first_john_cds_by_title_rs = $first_john->cds(
156 { order_by => 'title' }
159 # Create a result set that will fetch the artist data
160 # at the same time as it fetches CDs, using only one query.
161 my $millennium_cds_rs = $schema->resultset('CD')->search(
163 { prefetch => 'artist' }
166 my $cd = $millennium_cds_rs->next; # SELECT ... FROM cds JOIN artists ...
167 my $cd_artist_name = $cd->artist->name; # Already has the data so no 2nd query
169 # new() makes a DBIx::Class::Row object but doesnt insert it into the DB.
170 # create() is the same as new() then insert().
171 my $new_cd = $schema->resultset('CD')->new({ title => 'Spoon' });
172 $new_cd->artist($cd->artist);
173 $new_cd->insert; # Auto-increment primary key filled in after INSERT
174 $new_cd->title('Fork');
176 $schema->txn_do(sub { $new_cd->update }); # Runs the update in a transaction
178 # change the year of all the millennium CDs at once
179 $millennium_cds_rs->update({ year => 2002 });
183 This is an SQL to OO mapper with an object API inspired by L<Class::DBI>
184 (with a compatibility layer as a springboard for porting) and a resultset API
185 that allows abstract encapsulation of database operations. It aims to make
186 representing queries in your code as perl-ish as possible while still
187 providing access to as many of the capabilities of the database as possible,
188 including retrieving related records from multiple tables in a single query,
189 JOIN, LEFT JOIN, COUNT, DISTINCT, GROUP BY, ORDER BY and HAVING support.
191 DBIx::Class can handle multi-column primary and foreign keys, complex
192 queries and database-level paging, and does its best to only query the
193 database in order to return something you've directly asked for. If a
194 resultset is used as an iterator it only fetches rows off the statement
195 handle as requested in order to minimise memory usage. It has auto-increment
196 support for SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server and DB2 and is
197 known to be used in production on at least the first four, and is fork-
198 and thread-safe out of the box (although your DBD may not be).
200 This project is still under rapid development, so large new features may be
201 marked EXPERIMENTAL - such APIs are still usable but may have edge bugs.
202 Failing test cases are *always* welcome and point releases are put out rapidly
203 as bugs are found and fixed.
205 We do our best to maintain full backwards compatibility for published
206 APIs, since DBIx::Class is used in production in many organisations,
207 and even backwards incompatible changes to non-published APIs will be fixed
208 if they're reported and doing so doesn't cost the codebase anything.
210 The test suite is quite substantial, and several developer releases
211 are generally made to CPAN before the branch for the next release is
212 merged back to trunk for a major release.
214 =head1 WHERE TO GO NEXT
216 L<DBIx::Class::Manual::DocMap> lists each task you might want help on, and
217 the modules where you will find documentation.
221 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
223 (I mostly consider myself "project founder" these days but the AUTHOR heading
228 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
230 aherzog: Adam Herzog <adam@herzogdesigns.com>
232 amoore: Andrew Moore <amoore@cpan.org>
234 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
238 arcanez: Justin Hunter <justin.d.hunter@gmail.com>
240 ash: Ash Berlin <ash@cpan.org>
242 bert: Norbert Csongradi <bert@cpan.org>
244 blblack: Brandon L. Black <blblack@gmail.com>
246 bluefeet: Aran Deltac <bluefeet@cpan.org>
248 boghead: Bryan Beeley <cpan@beeley.org>
250 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
252 brunov: Bruno Vecchi <vecchi.b@gmail.com>
254 caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@cpan.org>
256 castaway: Jess Robinson
258 claco: Christopher H. Laco
262 da5id: David Jack Olrik <djo@cpan.org>
264 debolaz: Anders Nor Berle <berle@cpan.org>
266 dew: Dan Thomas <dan@godders.org>
268 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
270 dnm: Justin Wheeler <jwheeler@datademons.com>
272 dpetrov: Dimitar Petrov <mitakaa@gmail.com>
274 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
276 dyfrgi: Michael Leuchtenburg <michael@slashhome.org>
278 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
280 goraxe: Gordon Irving <goraxe@cpan.org>
282 gphat: Cory G Watson <gphat@cpan.org>
284 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@cpan.org>
286 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>
288 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari MannsE<aring>ker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
290 jasonmay: Jason May <jason.a.may@gmail.com>
294 jgoulah: John Goulah <jgoulah@cpan.org>
296 jguenther: Justin Guenther <jguenther@cpan.org>
298 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
300 jnapiorkowski: John Napiorkowski <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
302 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
304 jshirley: J. Shirley <jshirley@gmail.com>
306 konobi: Scott McWhirter
308 lukes: Luke Saunders <luke.saunders@gmail.com>
310 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
312 mattlaw: Matt Lawrence
314 michaelr: Michael Reddick <michael.reddick@gmail.com>
316 ned: Neil de Carteret
318 nigel: Nigel Metheringham <nigelm@cpan.org>
320 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
322 Nniuq: Ron "Quinn" Straight" <quinnfazigu@gmail.org>
324 norbi: Norbert Buchmuller <norbi@nix.hu>
326 nuba: Nuba Princigalli <nuba@cpan.org>
328 Numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
330 ovid: Curtis "Ovid" Poe <ovid@cpan.org>
332 oyse: Øystein Torget <oystein.torget@dnv.com>
334 paulm: Paul Makepeace
336 penguin: K J Cheetham
338 perigrin: Chris Prather <chris@prather.org>
340 peter: Peter Collingbourne <peter@pcc.me.uk>
342 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
344 plu: Johannes Plunien <plu@cpan.org>
346 quicksilver: Jules Bean
348 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
350 rbuels: Robert Buels <rmb32@cornell.edu>
352 rdj: Ryan D Johnson <ryan@innerfence.com>
354 ribasushi: Peter Rabbitson <ribasushi@cpan.org>
356 rjbs: Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
358 robkinyon: Rob Kinyon <rkinyon@cpan.org>
360 Roman: Roman Filippov <romanf@cpan.org>
362 sc_: Just Another Perl Hacker
364 scotty: Scotty Allen <scotty@scottyallen.com>
366 semifor: Marc Mims <marc@questright.com>
368 solomon: Jared Johnson <jaredj@nmgi.com>
370 spb: Stephen Bennett <stephen@freenode.net>
372 sszabo: Stephan Szabo <sszabo@bigpanda.com>
374 teejay : Aaron Trevena <teejay@cpan.org>
380 tonvoon: Ton Voon <tonvoon@cpan.org>
382 triode: Pete Gamache <gamache@cpan.org>
384 typester: Daisuke Murase <typester@cpan.org>
386 victori: Victor Igumnov <victori@cpan.org>
390 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
392 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
394 zamolxes: Bogdan Lucaciu <bogdan@wiz.ro>
396 Possum: Daniel LeWarne <possum@cpan.org>
400 Copyright (c) 2005 - 2010 the DBIx::Class L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
405 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms