9 use base qw/Class::C3::Componentised Class::Accessor::Grouped/;
10 use DBIx::Class::StartupCheck;
13 shift->mk_classaccessor(@_);
16 sub mk_classaccessor {
18 $self->mk_group_accessors('inherited', $_[0]);
19 $self->set_inherited(@_) if @_ > 1;
22 sub component_base_class { 'DBIx::Class' }
24 # Always remember to do all digits for the version even if they're 0
25 # i.e. first release of 0.XX *must* be 0.XX000. This avoids fBSD ports
26 # brain damage and presumably various other packaging systems too
29 $VERSION = eval $VERSION; # numify for warning-free dev releases
31 sub MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES {
32 my ($class,$code,@attrs) = @_;
33 $class->mk_classdata('__attr_cache' => {})
34 unless $class->can('__attr_cache');
35 $class->__attr_cache->{$code} = [@attrs];
41 my $cache = $self->can('__attr_cache') ? $self->__attr_cache : {};
42 my $rest = eval { $self->next::method };
43 return $@ ? $cache : { %$cache, %$rest };
50 DBIx::Class - Extensible and flexible object <-> relational mapper.
52 =head1 GETTING HELP/SUPPORT
54 The community can be found via:
56 Mailing list: http://lists.scsys.co.uk/mailman/listinfo/dbix-class/
58 SVN: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/bast/DBIx-Class/
60 SVNWeb: http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/svnweb/bast/browse/DBIx-Class/
62 IRC: irc.perl.org#dbix-class
66 Create a schema class called MyDB/Schema.pm:
69 use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/;
71 __PACKAGE__->load_namespaces();
75 Create a result class to represent artists, who have many CDs, in
76 MyDB/Schema/Result/Artist.pm:
78 See L<DBIx::Class::ResultSource> for docs on defining result classes.
80 package MyDB::Schema::Result::Artist;
81 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
83 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/Core/);
84 __PACKAGE__->table('artist');
85 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ artistid name /);
86 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('artistid');
87 __PACKAGE__->has_many(cds => 'MyDB::Schema::Result::CD');
91 A result class to represent a CD, which belongs to an artist, in
92 MyDB/Schema/Result/CD.pm:
94 package MyDB::Schema::Result::CD;
95 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
97 __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/Core/);
98 __PACKAGE__->table('cd');
99 __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/ cdid artistid title year /);
100 __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('cdid');
101 __PACKAGE__->belongs_to(artist => 'MyDB::Schema::Artist', 'artistid');
105 Then you can use these classes in your application's code:
107 # Connect to your database.
109 my $schema = MyDB::Schema->connect($dbi_dsn, $user, $pass, \%dbi_params);
111 # Query for all artists and put them in an array,
112 # or retrieve them as a result set object.
113 # $schema->resultset returns a DBIx::Class::ResultSet
114 my @all_artists = $schema->resultset('Artist')->all;
115 my $all_artists_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist');
117 # Output all artists names
118 # $artist here is a DBIx::Class::Row, which has accessors
119 # for all its columns. Rows are also subclasses of your Result class.
120 foreach $artist (@artists) {
121 print $artist->name, "\n";
124 # Create a result set to search for artists.
125 # This does not query the DB.
126 my $johns_rs = $schema->resultset('Artist')->search(
127 # Build your WHERE using an SQL::Abstract structure:
128 { name => { like => 'John%' } }
131 # Execute a joined query to get the cds.
132 my @all_john_cds = $johns_rs->search_related('cds')->all;
134 # Fetch the next available row.
135 my $first_john = $johns_rs->next;
137 # Specify ORDER BY on the query.
138 my $first_john_cds_by_title_rs = $first_john->cds(
140 { order_by => 'title' }
143 # Create a result set that will fetch the artist data
144 # at the same time as it fetches CDs, using only one query.
145 my $millennium_cds_rs = $schema->resultset('CD')->search(
147 { prefetch => 'artist' }
150 my $cd = $millennium_cds_rs->next; # SELECT ... FROM cds JOIN artists ...
151 my $cd_artist_name = $cd->artist->name; # Already has the data so no 2nd query
153 # new() makes a DBIx::Class::Row object but doesnt insert it into the DB.
154 # create() is the same as new() then insert().
155 my $new_cd = $schema->resultset('CD')->new({ title => 'Spoon' });
156 $new_cd->artist($cd->artist);
157 $new_cd->insert; # Auto-increment primary key filled in after INSERT
158 $new_cd->title('Fork');
160 $schema->txn_do(sub { $new_cd->update }); # Runs the update in a transaction
162 # change the year of all the millennium CDs at once
163 $millennium_cds_rs->update({ year => 2002 });
167 This is an SQL to OO mapper with an object API inspired by L<Class::DBI>
168 (with a compatibility layer as a springboard for porting) and a resultset API
169 that allows abstract encapsulation of database operations. It aims to make
170 representing queries in your code as perl-ish as possible while still
171 providing access to as many of the capabilities of the database as possible,
172 including retrieving related records from multiple tables in a single query,
173 JOIN, LEFT JOIN, COUNT, DISTINCT, GROUP BY, ORDER BY and HAVING support.
175 DBIx::Class can handle multi-column primary and foreign keys, complex
176 queries and database-level paging, and does its best to only query the
177 database in order to return something you've directly asked for. If a
178 resultset is used as an iterator it only fetches rows off the statement
179 handle as requested in order to minimise memory usage. It has auto-increment
180 support for SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server and DB2 and is
181 known to be used in production on at least the first four, and is fork-
182 and thread-safe out of the box (although your DBD may not be).
184 This project is still under rapid development, so large new features may be
185 marked EXPERIMENTAL - such APIs are still usable but may have edge bugs.
186 Failing test cases are *always* welcome and point releases are put out rapidly
187 as bugs are found and fixed.
189 We do our best to maintain full backwards compatibility for published
190 APIs, since DBIx::Class is used in production in many organisations,
191 and even backwards incompatible changes to non-published APIs will be fixed
192 if they're reported and doing so doesn't cost the codebase anything.
194 The test suite is quite substantial, and several developer releases
195 are generally made to CPAN before the branch for the next release is
196 merged back to trunk for a major release.
198 =head1 WHERE TO GO NEXT
200 L<DBIx::Class::Manual::DocMap> lists each task you might want help on, and
201 the modules where you will find documentation.
205 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
207 (I mostly consider myself "project founder" these days but the AUTHOR heading
212 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <alex_hartmaier@hotmail.com>
214 aherzog: Adam Herzog <adam@herzogdesigns.com>
216 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
220 arcanez: Justin Hunter <justin.d.hunter@gmail.com>
222 ash: Ash Berlin <ash@cpan.org>
224 bert: Norbert Csongradi <bert@cpan.org>
226 blblack: Brandon L. Black <blblack@gmail.com>
228 bluefeet: Aran Deltac <bluefeet@cpan.org>
230 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
232 brunov: Bruno Vecchi <vecchi.b@gmail.com>
234 caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@cpan.org>
236 castaway: Jess Robinson
238 claco: Christopher H. Laco
242 da5id: David Jack Olrik <djo@cpan.org>
244 debolaz: Anders Nor Berle <berle@cpan.org>
246 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
248 dnm: Justin Wheeler <jwheeler@datademons.com>
250 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
252 dyfrgi: Michael Leuchtenburg <michael@slashhome.org>
254 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
256 gphat: Cory G Watson <gphat@cpan.org>
258 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@cpan.org>
260 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari MannsE<aring>ker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
262 jasonmay: Jason May <jason.a.may@gmail.com>
266 jgoulah: John Goulah <jgoulah@cpan.org>
268 jguenther: Justin Guenther <jguenther@cpan.org>
270 jnapiorkowski: John Napiorkowski <jjn1056@yahoo.com>
272 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
274 jshirley: J. Shirley <jshirley@gmail.com>
276 konobi: Scott McWhirter
278 lukes: Luke Saunders <luke.saunders@gmail.com>
280 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
282 mattlaw: Matt Lawrence
284 michaelr: Michael Reddick <michael.reddick@gmail.com>
286 ned: Neil de Carteret
288 nigel: Nigel Metheringham <nigelm@cpan.org>
290 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
292 Nniuq: Ron "Quinn" Straight" <quinnfazigu@gmail.org>
294 norbi: Norbert Buchmuller <norbi@nix.hu>
296 Numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
298 oyse: Øystein Torget <oystein.torget@dnv.com>
300 paulm: Paul Makepeace
302 penguin: K J Cheetham
304 perigrin: Chris Prather <chris@prather.org>
306 peter: Peter Collingbourne <peter@pcc.me.uk>
308 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
310 plu: Johannes Plunien <plu@cpan.org>
312 quicksilver: Jules Bean
314 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
316 rbuels: Robert Buels <rmb32@cornell.edu>
318 rdj: Ryan D Johnson <ryan@innerfence.com>
320 ribasushi: Peter Rabbitson <rabbit+dbic@rabbit.us>
322 rjbs: Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
324 robkinyon: Rob Kinyon <rkinyon@cpan.org>
326 sc_: Just Another Perl Hacker
328 scotty: Scotty Allen <scotty@scottyallen.com>
330 semifor: Marc Mims <marc@questright.com>
332 solomon: Jared Johnson <jaredj@nmgi.com>
334 spb: Stephen Bennett <stephen@freenode.net>
336 sszabo: Stephan Szabo <sszabo@bigpanda.com>
338 teejay : Aaron Trevena <teejay@cpan.org>
344 triode: Pete Gamache <gamache@cpan.org>
346 typester: Daisuke Murase <typester@cpan.org>
348 victori: Victor Igumnov <victori@cpan.org>
352 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
354 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
356 zamolxes: Bogdan Lucaciu <bogdan@wiz.ro>
360 Copyright (c) 2005 - 2009 the DBIx::Class L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
365 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms