1 package DBIx::Class::Storage;
6 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
9 use DBIx::Class::Exception;
10 use Scalar::Util 'weaken';
12 use DBIx::Class::Storage::TxnScopeGuard;
16 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => qw/debug debugobj schema/);
17 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => 'cursor_class');
19 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Cursor');
21 sub cursor { shift->cursor_class(@_); }
23 package # Hide from PAUSE
24 DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION;
26 use overload '"' => sub {
27 'DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION'
33 return bless $self, $class;
36 package DBIx::Class::Storage;
40 DBIx::Class::Storage - Generic Storage Handler
44 A base implementation of common Storage methods. For specific
45 information about L<DBI>-based storage, see L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI>.
53 Instantiates the Storage object.
58 my ($self, $schema) = @_;
60 $self = ref $self if ref $self;
65 $new->set_schema($schema);
67 if (my $profile = $ENV{DBIC_TRACE_PROFILE}) {
68 require DBIx::Class::Storage::Debug::PrettyPrint;
69 if ($profile =~ /^\.?\//) {
73 Config::Any->load_files({ files => [$profile], use_ext => 1 });
75 # sanitize the error message a bit
76 $_ =~ s/at \s+ .+ Storage\.pm \s line \s \d+ $//x;
77 $self->throw_exception("Failure processing \$ENV{DBIC_TRACE_PROFILE}: $_");
80 my ($filename, $config) = %{$cfg->[0]};
81 $debugobj = DBIx::Class::Storage::Debug::PrettyPrint->new($config)
83 $debugobj = DBIx::Class::Storage::Debug::PrettyPrint->new({ profile => $profile })
86 $debugobj = DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics->new
88 $new->debugobj($debugobj);
90 my $debug_env = $ENV{DBIX_CLASS_STORAGE_DBI_DEBUG}
93 $new->debug(1) if $debug_env;
100 Used to reset the schema class or object which owns this
101 storage object, such as during L<DBIx::Class::Schema/clone>.
106 my ($self, $schema) = @_;
107 $self->schema($schema);
108 weaken $self->{schema} if ref $self->{schema};
113 Returns true if we have an open storage connection, false
114 if it is not (yet) open.
118 sub connected { die "Virtual method!" }
122 Closes any open storage connection unconditionally.
126 sub disconnect { die "Virtual method!" }
128 =head2 ensure_connected
130 Initiate a connection to the storage if one isn't already open.
134 sub ensure_connected { die "Virtual method!" }
136 =head2 throw_exception
138 Throws an exception - croaks.
142 sub throw_exception {
145 if (ref $self and $self->schema) {
146 $self->schema->throw_exception(@_);
149 DBIx::Class::Exception->throw(@_);
157 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>, @coderef_args?
159 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
163 Executes C<$coderef> with (optional) arguments C<@coderef_args> atomically,
164 returning its result (if any). If an exception is caught, a rollback is issued
165 and the exception is rethrown. If the rollback fails, (i.e. throws an
166 exception) an exception is thrown that includes a "Rollback failed" message.
170 my $author_rs = $schema->resultset('Author')->find(1);
171 my @titles = qw/Night Day It/;
174 # If any one of these fails, the entire transaction fails
175 $author_rs->create_related('books', {
177 }) foreach (@titles);
179 return $author->books;
184 $rs = $schema->txn_do($coderef);
188 die "something terrible has happened!" #
189 if ($error =~ /Rollback failed/); # Rollback failed
191 deal_with_failed_transaction();
194 In a nested transaction (calling txn_do() from within a txn_do() coderef) only
195 the outermost transaction will issue a L</txn_commit>, and txn_do() can be
196 called in void, scalar and list context and it will behave as expected.
198 Please note that all of the code in your coderef, including non-DBIx::Class
199 code, is part of a transaction. This transaction may fail out halfway, or
200 it may get partially double-executed (in the case that our DB connection
201 failed halfway through the transaction, in which case we reconnect and
202 restart the txn). Therefore it is best that any side-effects in your coderef
203 are idempotent (that is, can be re-executed multiple times and get the
204 same result), and that you check up on your side-effects in the case of
213 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
214 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
216 my (@return_values, $return_value);
218 $self->txn_begin; # If this throws an exception, no rollback is needed
220 my $wantarray = wantarray; # Need to save this since the context
221 # inside the try{} block is independent
222 # of the context that called txn_do()
227 # Need to differentiate between scalar/list context to allow for
228 # returning a list in scalar context to get the size of the list
231 @return_values = $coderef->(@$args);
232 } elsif (defined $wantarray) {
234 $return_value = $coderef->(@$args);
247 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
248 $self->throw_exception($error) # propagate nested rollback
249 if $_ =~ /$exception_class/;
251 $self->throw_exception(
252 "Transaction aborted: $error. Rollback failed: $_"
255 $self->throw_exception($error); # txn failed but rollback succeeded
258 return $wantarray ? @return_values : $return_value;
263 Starts a transaction.
265 See the preferred L</txn_do> method, which allows for
266 an entire code block to be executed transactionally.
270 sub txn_begin { die "Virtual method!" }
274 Issues a commit of the current transaction.
276 It does I<not> perform an actual storage commit unless there's a DBIx::Class
277 transaction currently in effect (i.e. you called L</txn_begin>).
281 sub txn_commit { die "Virtual method!" }
285 Issues a rollback of the current transaction. A nested rollback will
286 throw a L<DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION> exception,
287 which allows the rollback to propagate to the outermost transaction.
291 sub txn_rollback { die "Virtual method!" }
295 Arguments: $savepoint_name?
297 Created a new savepoint using the name provided as argument. If no name
298 is provided, a random name will be used.
302 sub svp_begin { die "Virtual method!" }
306 Arguments: $savepoint_name?
308 Release the savepoint provided as argument. If none is provided,
309 release the savepoint created most recently. This will implicitly
310 release all savepoints created after the one explicitly released as well.
314 sub svp_release { die "Virtual method!" }
318 Arguments: $savepoint_name?
320 Rollback to the savepoint provided as argument. If none is provided,
321 rollback to the savepoint created most recently. This will implicitly
322 release all savepoints created after the savepoint we rollback to.
326 sub svp_rollback { die "Virtual method!" }
330 =head2 txn_scope_guard
332 An alternative way of transaction handling based on
333 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::TxnScopeGuard>:
335 my $txn_guard = $storage->txn_scope_guard;
342 If an exception occurs, or the guard object otherwise leaves the scope
343 before C<< $txn_guard->commit >> is called, the transaction will be rolled
344 back by an explicit L</txn_rollback> call. In essence this is akin to
345 using a L</txn_begin>/L</txn_commit> pair, without having to worry
346 about calling L</txn_rollback> at the right places. Note that since there
347 is no defined code closure, there will be no retries and other magic upon
348 database disconnection. If you need such functionality see L</txn_do>.
352 sub txn_scope_guard {
353 return DBIx::Class::Storage::TxnScopeGuard->new($_[0]);
358 Returns a C<sql_maker> object - normally an object of class
359 C<DBIx::Class::SQLMaker>.
363 sub sql_maker { die "Virtual method!" }
367 Causes trace information to be emitted on the C<debugobj> object.
368 (or C<STDERR> if C<debugobj> has not specifically been set).
370 This is the equivalent to setting L</DBIC_TRACE> in your
375 Set or retrieve the filehandle used for trace/debug output. This should be
376 an IO::Handle compatible object (only the C<print> method is used. Initially
377 set to be STDERR - although see information on the
378 L<DBIC_TRACE> environment variable.
385 if ($self->debugobj->can('debugfh')) {
386 return $self->debugobj->debugfh(@_);
392 Sets or retrieves the object used for metric collection. Defaults to an instance
393 of L<DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics> that is compatible with the original
394 method of using a coderef as a callback. See the aforementioned Statistics
395 class for more information.
399 Sets a callback to be executed each time a statement is run; takes a sub
400 reference. Callback is executed as $sub->($op, $info) where $op is
401 SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE and $info is what would normally be printed.
403 See L<debugobj> for a better way.
410 if ($self->debugobj->can('callback')) {
411 return $self->debugobj->callback(@_);
417 The cursor class for this Storage object.
423 Deploy the tables to storage (CREATE TABLE and friends in a SQL-based
424 Storage class). This would normally be called through
425 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
429 sub deploy { die "Virtual method!" }
433 The arguments of C<connect_info> are always a single array reference,
434 and are Storage-handler specific.
436 This is normally accessed via L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
437 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before calling
438 C<connect_info> here.
442 sub connect_info { die "Virtual method!" }
446 Handle a select statement.
450 sub select { die "Virtual method!" }
454 Handle an insert statement.
458 sub insert { die "Virtual method!" }
462 Handle an update statement.
466 sub update { die "Virtual method!" }
470 Handle a delete statement.
474 sub delete { die "Virtual method!" }
478 Performs a select, fetch and return of data - handles a single row
483 sub select_single { die "Virtual method!" }
485 =head2 columns_info_for
487 Returns metadata for the given source's columns. This
488 is *deprecated*, and will be removed before 1.0. You should
489 be specifying the metadata yourself if you need it.
493 sub columns_info_for { die "Virtual method!" }
495 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
499 If C<DBIC_TRACE> is set then trace information
500 is produced (as when the L<debug> method is set).
502 If the value is of the form C<1=/path/name> then the trace output is
503 written to the file C</path/name>.
505 This environment variable is checked when the storage object is first
506 created (when you call connect on your schema). So, run-time changes
507 to this environment variable will not take effect unless you also
508 re-connect on your schema.
510 =head2 DBIC_TRACE_PROFILE
512 If C<DBIC_TRACE_PROFILE> is set, L<DBIx::Class::Storage::PrettyPrint>
513 will be used to format the output from C<DBIC_TRACE>. The value it
514 is set to is the C<profile> that it will be used. If the value is a
515 filename the file is read with L<Config::Any> and the results are
516 used as the configuration for tracing. See L<SQL::Abstract::Tree/new>
517 for what that structure should look like.
520 =head2 DBIX_CLASS_STORAGE_DBI_DEBUG
522 Old name for DBIC_TRACE
526 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> - reference storage implementation using
527 SQL::Abstract and DBI.
531 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
533 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
537 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.