1 package DBIx::Class::Storage;
6 use base qw/DBIx::Class/;
8 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;
9 use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
11 use DBIx::Class::Storage::TxnScopeGuard;
13 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple' => qw/debug debugobj schema/);
14 __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('inherited' => 'cursor_class');
16 __PACKAGE__->cursor_class('DBIx::Class::Cursor');
18 sub cursor { shift->cursor_class(@_); }
20 package # Hide from PAUSE
21 DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION;
23 use overload '"' => sub {
24 'DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION'
30 return bless $self, $class;
33 package DBIx::Class::Storage;
37 DBIx::Class::Storage - Generic Storage Handler
41 A base implementation of common Storage methods. For specific
42 information about L<DBI>-based storage, see L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI>.
50 Instantiates the Storage object.
55 my ($self, $schema) = @_;
57 $self = ref $self if ref $self;
62 $new->set_schema($schema);
63 $new->debugobj(new DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics());
67 my $debug_env = $ENV{DBIX_CLASS_STORAGE_DBI_DEBUG}
70 $new->debug(1) if $debug_env;
77 Used to reset the schema class or object which owns this
78 storage object, such as during L<DBIx::Class::Schema/clone>.
83 my ($self, $schema) = @_;
84 $self->schema($schema);
85 weaken($self->{schema}) if ref $self->{schema};
90 Returns true if we have an open storage connection, false
91 if it is not (yet) open.
95 sub connected { die "Virtual method!" }
99 Closes any open storage connection unconditionally.
103 sub disconnect { die "Virtual method!" }
105 =head2 ensure_connected
107 Initiate a connection to the storage if one isn't already open.
111 sub ensure_connected { die "Virtual method!" }
113 =head2 throw_exception
115 Throws an exception - croaks.
119 sub throw_exception {
122 $self->schema->throw_exception(@_) if $self->schema;
130 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>, @coderef_args?
132 =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef
136 Executes C<$coderef> with (optional) arguments C<@coderef_args> atomically,
137 returning its result (if any). If an exception is caught, a rollback is issued
138 and the exception is rethrown. If the rollback fails, (i.e. throws an
139 exception) an exception is thrown that includes a "Rollback failed" message.
143 my $author_rs = $schema->resultset('Author')->find(1);
144 my @titles = qw/Night Day It/;
147 # If any one of these fails, the entire transaction fails
148 $author_rs->create_related('books', {
150 }) foreach (@titles);
152 return $author->books;
157 $rs = $schema->txn_do($coderef);
160 if ($@) { # Transaction failed
161 die "something terrible has happened!" #
162 if ($@ =~ /Rollback failed/); # Rollback failed
164 deal_with_failed_transaction();
167 In a nested transaction (calling txn_do() from within a txn_do() coderef) only
168 the outermost transaction will issue a L</txn_commit>, and txn_do() can be
169 called in void, scalar and list context and it will behave as expected.
171 Please note that all of the code in your coderef, including non-DBIx::Class
172 code, is part of a transaction. This transaction may fail out halfway, or
173 it may get partially double-executed (in the case that our DB connection
174 failed halfway through the transaction, in which case we reconnect and
175 restart the txn). Therefore it is best that any side-effects in your coderef
176 are idempotent (that is, can be re-executed multiple times and get the
177 same result), and that you check up on your side-effects in the case of
183 my ($self, $coderef, @args) = @_;
185 ref $coderef eq 'CODE' or $self->throw_exception
186 ('$coderef must be a CODE reference');
188 my (@return_values, $return_value);
190 $self->txn_begin; # If this throws an exception, no rollback is needed
192 my $wantarray = wantarray; # Need to save this since the context
193 # inside the eval{} block is independent
194 # of the context that called txn_do()
197 # Need to differentiate between scalar/list context to allow for
198 # returning a list in scalar context to get the size of the list
201 @return_values = $coderef->(@args);
202 } elsif (defined $wantarray) {
204 $return_value = $coderef->(@args);
220 my $rollback_error = $@;
221 my $exception_class = "DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION";
222 $self->throw_exception($error) # propagate nested rollback
223 if $rollback_error =~ /$exception_class/;
225 $self->throw_exception(
226 "Transaction aborted: $error. Rollback failed: ${rollback_error}"
229 $self->throw_exception($error); # txn failed but rollback succeeded
233 return $wantarray ? @return_values : $return_value;
238 Starts a transaction.
240 See the preferred L</txn_do> method, which allows for
241 an entire code block to be executed transactionally.
245 sub txn_begin { die "Virtual method!" }
249 Issues a commit of the current transaction.
253 sub txn_commit { die "Virtual method!" }
257 Issues a rollback of the current transaction. A nested rollback will
258 throw a L<DBIx::Class::Storage::NESTED_ROLLBACK_EXCEPTION> exception,
259 which allows the rollback to propagate to the outermost transaction.
263 sub txn_rollback { die "Virtual method!" }
267 =head2 txn_scope_guard
269 Return an object that does stuff.
273 sub txn_scope_guard {
274 return DBIx::Class::Storage::TxnScopeGuard->new($_[0]);
279 Returns a C<sql_maker> object - normally an object of class
280 C<DBIC::SQL::Abstract>.
284 sub sql_maker { die "Virtual method!" }
288 Causes trace information to be emitted on the C<debugobj> object.
289 (or C<STDERR> if C<debugobj> has not specifically been set).
291 This is the equivalent to setting L</DBIC_TRACE> in your
296 Set or retrieve the filehandle used for trace/debug output. This should be
297 an IO::Handle compatible ojbect (only the C<print> method is used. Initially
298 set to be STDERR - although see information on the
299 L<DBIC_TRACE> environment variable.
306 if ($self->debugobj->can('debugfh')) {
307 return $self->debugobj->debugfh(@_);
313 Sets or retrieves the object used for metric collection. Defaults to an instance
314 of L<DBIx::Class::Storage::Statistics> that is compatible with the original
315 method of using a coderef as a callback. See the aforementioned Statistics
316 class for more information.
320 Sets a callback to be executed each time a statement is run; takes a sub
321 reference. Callback is executed as $sub->($op, $info) where $op is
322 SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE and $info is what would normally be printed.
324 See L<debugobj> for a better way.
331 if ($self->debugobj->can('callback')) {
332 return $self->debugobj->callback(@_);
338 The cursor class for this Storage object.
344 Deploy the tables to storage (CREATE TABLE and friends in a SQL-based
345 Storage class). This would normally be called through
346 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/deploy>.
350 sub deploy { die "Virtual method!" }
354 The arguments of C<connect_info> are always a single array reference,
355 and are Storage-handler specific.
357 This is normally accessed via L<DBIx::Class::Schema/connection>, which
358 encapsulates its argument list in an arrayref before calling
359 C<connect_info> here.
363 sub connect_info { die "Virtual method!" }
367 Handle a select statement.
371 sub select { die "Virtual method!" }
375 Handle an insert statement.
379 sub insert { die "Virtual method!" }
383 Handle an update statement.
387 sub update { die "Virtual method!" }
391 Handle a delete statement.
395 sub delete { die "Virtual method!" }
399 Performs a select, fetch and return of data - handles a single row
404 sub select_single { die "Virtual method!" }
406 =head2 columns_info_for
408 Returns metadata for the given source's columns. This
409 is *deprecated*, and will be removed before 1.0. You should
410 be specifying the metadata yourself if you need it.
414 sub columns_info_for { die "Virtual method!" }
416 =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
420 If C<DBIC_TRACE> is set then trace information
421 is produced (as when the L<debug> method is set).
423 If the value is of the form C<1=/path/name> then the trace output is
424 written to the file C</path/name>.
426 This environment variable is checked when the storage object is first
427 created (when you call connect on your schema). So, run-time changes
428 to this environment variable will not take effect unless you also
429 re-connect on your schema.
431 =head2 DBIX_CLASS_STORAGE_DBI_DEBUG
433 Old name for DBIC_TRACE
437 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI> - reference storage inplementation using SQL::Abstract and DBI.
441 Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
443 Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
447 You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.